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1892 


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THE  ROSE 


I  saw   a    Rose-lud  ope   this 

morn— I  swear 
The  blushing  morning  opened 

not  more  /air. 

CO  IV LEY. 


THE     ROSE 


A    TREATISE 

ON  THE  CULTIVATION,  HISTORY,  FAMILY  CHARACTER- 
ISTICS,   ETC.,    OF    THE    VARIOUS    GROUPS    OF 
ROSES,   WITH    ACCURATE    DESCRIPTIONS 
OF    THE    VARIETIES    NOW    GEN- 
ERALLY GROWN 


^        BY 
H.    B.    ELLWANGER 

WITH    AN  INTRODUCTION  BY 

GEORGE    H.    ELLWANGER 


REVISED    EDITION 


NEW   YORK 

DODD,    MEAD    &    COMPANY 

1892 


Copyright,  1882, 
By    DODD,    MEAD    &    COMPANY. 

Copyright,  1892, 
BY    DODD,    MEAD    &    COMPANY. 


All  rights  reserved. 


I  DEDICATE  THIS  BOOK  TO  MY  FATHER, 
GEORGE  ELLWANGER, 

WHO  HAS  DONE  SO   MUCH    TO    IMPROVE   HORTICULTURAL 
TASTE,  AND  INCULCATE  A  LOVE  FOR  THE  BEAUTI- 
FUL.    HE  HAS  EVER   TAUGHT,  AND  PROVED 
BY  HIS    LIFE,  THAT    MUCH    OF    THE 
PUREST    HAPPINESS   IS    FOUND 
IN  ACTIVE  EMPLOYMENT 
IN  THE  GARDEN. 


452*5"? 


CONTENTS. 


Introduction 

Preface, 

I. — Classification, 

II. — The  Families  of   Roses  in  Gen 
eral  Cultivation,    . 

III. — Technical  Terms, 

IV. — Position  and  Soil, 

V. — Planting  and  Pruning, 

VI. — Manures, 

VII. — Insects  and  Diseases, 

VIII. — Propagation, 

IX. — Exhibiting  Roses, 

X. — Roses  under  Glass,     . 

XI.— Varieties  for  Special  Purposes 

XII. — Raisers  of  the  Best  Roses, 


page 
9-21 

23-24 

25-27 

28-66 
67-70 

71-75 
76-82 
83-86 
87-98 
99-106 

107-113 
1 14-126 
127-133 
134-155 


CONTENTS. 


XIII. — The  Seed  Parents  of  Various 
Roses,        .         .         .        .         . 

XIV. — Permanent  Colors.  Too-Much- 
Alike  Roses.  How  to  Dis- 
tinguish between  Similar 
Varieties,         .... 

XV. — Typical  Roses,    .... 

XVI. — Raising  New  Varieties, 

XVII. — Publications  on  the  Rose, 

Appendix — Old  and  New  Roses,     . 

Catalogue  of  Varieties,         , 


PAGE 

156-161 


162-173 

174-185 

186-198 

199-202 
203-227 
228-308 


INTRODUCTION  TO  REVISED  EDITION. 


O  comprehensively  and  intelligent- 
ly has  the  theme  been  treated  in 
the  following  monograph  by  one 
who  was  eminently  qualified  to 
render  it  justice,  that  little  remains  to  be  said 
of  the  Rose  in  general.  But  during  the  past 
decade  since  "  The  Rose"  was  written  by  the 
late  Henry  B.  Ellwanger,  a  host  of  new  varie- 
ties have  been  produced  and  disseminated  in 
the  United  States  and  in  Europe.  Those 
which  have  proven  themselves  most  worthy  to 
be  retained  have  been  included  with  their  de- 
scriptions in  the  subjoined  catalogue,  the  ad- 
ditional varieties  being  indicated  by  an  aster- 
isk. Additional  works  on  the  subject,  and 
magazines  and  periodicals  relating  to  it,  have 
also  been  carried  out  to  date. 

A  review  from  the  Century  Magazine,  en- 
titled "  Old  and  New  Roses,"  which  appeared 
the  year  following  the  publication  of  this 
volume,  and  but  a  month  previous  to  the  au- 


Library 
N.  C,  State  College 


io  INTRODUCTION. 

thor's  death,  has  also  been  included,  through 
the  courtesy  of  the  editors  of  that  periodical. 
This  essay,  dealing  as  it  does  with  numerous 
vital  points  connected  with  the  development 
of  the  Rose,  will  be  found  most  comprehen- 
sive and  instructive,  not  only  by  the  general 
reader,  but  by  the  skilled  rosarian  as  well. 
Apart  from  these  additions,  the  original  text 
of  the  volume  has  been  left  as  it  first  appeared. 
With  the  increasing  love  for  flowers,  year 
by  year  rose-culture  has  steadily  advanced 
in  this  country  where,  in  its  extended  and 
varied  area,  the  climatic  requirements  of 
this  flower  are  scarcely  excelled,  while  its 
intelligent  cultivation  under  glass  is  else- 
where unsurpassed.  Indeed,  cut-flowers  of 
most  kinds  are  nowhere  grown  to  greater 
perfection,  and  nowhere  are  more  expense 
and  pains  bestowed  in  their  development 
than  by  the  florists  in  the  metropolis  and  the 
larger  cities  of  America.  For  flowers  are  no 
longer  considered  a  mere  luxury  to  be  en- 
joyed by  the  wealthy,  but  have  come  to  be 
regarded  as  a  necessity  to  the  well-being  of 
even  the  modest  home.  The  sentiment  ex- 
pressed by  Jesse,  "  the  passion  for  flowers  is 
one  of  the  most  enduring  and  permanent  of 
all  enjoyments,"  has  not  changed,  but  has 
rather  been  heightened   a  hundred-fold  in 


INTRODUCTION.  n 

these  our  modern  days,  in  the  same  manner 
that  an  increased  love  for  external  Nature  has 
become  a  marked  characteristic  of  the  age. 

We  are  perhaps  no  nearer  now  than  when 
the  present  volume  was  written  in  being  able 
to  decide  upon  the  loveliest  species  and  vari- 
ety of  the  Rose.  Moreover,  the  best  rose 
under  glass  is  not  the  best  rose  grown  out  of 
doors ;  while,  in  any  event,  to  pronounce  upon 
color  might  be  at  the  sacrifice  of  form  and 
fragrance,  in  numerous  cases — 

The  rose  looks  fair,  but  fairer  we  it  deem 
If  or  that  sweet  odor  that  doth  in  it  live. 

Even  were  a  few  kinds  singled  out  from 
the  multitude  for  a  general  estimate,  each  of 
which  possessed  exceptional  claims  for  rec- 
ognition, the  florist  would  decide  upon  one, 
the  average  person  upon  another ;  just  as  one 
might  declare  the  Rose,  another  the  violet, 
lily,  or  primrose  the  sweetest  flower.  To  be 
restricted  to  any  one  form  or  color  were  irk- 
some, withal,  even  in  the  case  of  individual 
species — 

Earth  hath  no  princelier  flowers 
Than  roses  white  and  roses  red, 
But  they  must  still  be  mingled. 

The  Rose  is  no  exception  to  the  charm  of 
variety.     Yet  many  of  the  fine  old  kinds  are 


1 2  IN  TROD  UC  T/OJV. 

comparatively  neglected,  if  not  entirely  lost, 
jostled  and  thrust  aside  by  the  increasing 
horde  of  newer  aspirants. 

How  many  a  country  home  owes  its  out- 
ward charm  not  only  to  ics  coronal  of  lilacs, 
honeysuckles,  and  snow-balls,  its  pomp  of 
Pseonias,  roses  of  Sharon  and  trumpet-vine, 
but  to  its  climbing  roses  most  of  all — the 
blush-colored  Baltimore  Belle  and  rose-red 
Queen  of  the  Prairies  which  festoon  its  pillars 
and  entwine  its  arbors.  Can  any  new  variety 
exhale  a  sweeter  perfume  than  the  roses  of 
our  childhood — the  old  white  Damask,  pink 
Cabbage,  and  common  Moss  whose  scented 
petals  perchance  remain  fragrant  still  in  the 
haunting  essence  of  the  rose-jar?  Even  the 
pink  clusters  of  the  rambling  Michigan  rose, 
and  the  spicy  foliage  of  the  Sweetbriar  bring 
up  an  old  garden  with  its  pageant  of  daffo- 
dils, sweet  Williams,  snow-pinks,  and  Ma- 
donna lilies ;  its  troops  of  columbines,  lark- 
spurs, bearded  Irids,  and  bachelor-buttons; 
its  blaze  of  hollyhocks,  tiger-lilies,  dahlias, 
and  sunflowers.  The  first  June  rose !  emblem 
of  summer,  symbol  of  sweetness,  hue  of 
beauty — with  each  succeeding  year  it  blos- 
soms fresh  and  beautiful  as  when  Sappho 
crowned  it  with  praise,  and  the  nightingale 
wooed  it  in  the  gardens  of  Naishapur. 


IN  TR  OD  UC  TION  1 3 


Fortunately,  the  Rose  is  not  confined  to 
summer,  though  the  class  known  as  "  sum- 
mer" roses  is  indeed  fleeting.  But  many  of 
the  hybrid-remontants,  which  include  a  large 
number  of  the  loveliest  and  most  fragrant 
kinds,  disburse  a  second  autumnal  bloom; 
while  in  the  open  air  and  under  glass  com- 
bined, the  Rose  in  some  of  its  multifarious 
forms  may  be  said  to  bloom  the  year  round. 
Essentially  it  is  the  flower  of  the  year,  as 
well  as  the  flower  of  the  poets. 

Not  every  one  can  afford  a  greenhouse  in 
which  to  grow  flowers  during  winter;  very 
many,  on  the  other  hand,  may  enjoy  their 
culture  in  the  open  air.  No  garden,  it  goes 
without  saying,  however  beautiful  and  how- 
ever rich  its  assortment  of  hardy  shrubs  and 
flowers,  is  complete  without  its  June  rosary. 
Like  the  majority  of  flowers  and  most  things 
that  are  worth  the  having,  the  Rose,  as  the 
guerdon  of  its  beauty,  demands  attention  and 
loving  care.  Left  to  itself,  enemies  and 
scourges  innumerable,  from  the  first  opening 
leaf  to  the  last  withered  petal,  come  to  prey 
upon  it;  not  only  marring  its  beauty  but  im- 
pairing its  vitality.  The  rose-chafer,  green- 
fly, leaf-roller,  and  rose-slug,  to  say  nothing 
of  mildew  and  the  red-spider,  are  still  as 
abundant  as  ever  and  require  the  same  vig- 


14  INTRODUCTION. 

orous  treatment  of  whale-oil  soap,  quassia, 
tobacco,  hellebore,  sulphur,  and  Paris  green. 
A  huge  syringe,  intended  to  be  attached  to 
the  garden  hose,  and  charged  with  any  of 
these  insect  dynamos,  according  to  the  will  of 
the  operator,  is  a  recent  invention  that  will 
be  welcomed  by  all  rose-growers.  Armed 
with  this,  it  is  claimed  that  death  may  be 
meted  out  by  wholesale  to  the  insect  scourges, 
if  the  remedy  be  persistently  applied.  For  in 
rose  pests,  one  brood  of  insects  is  far  from 
making  a  summer,  and  unremitting  warfare 
is  the  price  of  abundant  bloom  and  vigorous 
foliage. 

As  producers  of  new  roses,  the  French  con- 
tinue in  the  lead,  though  an  extremely  large 
proportion  of  recent  French  varieties  are 
mediocre  or  useless  for  general  cultivation, 
or  resemble  so  closely  other  well-known  sorts 
as  to  be  of  no  increased  value  in  themselves. 
The  incentive  to  produce  new  kinds,  it  should 
be  remembered,  is  especially  great  in  France, 
where  twenty-five  francs  apiece  is  demanded 
for  a  novelty  which  may  be  good,  bad,  or  in- 
different, but  whose  description  is  invariably 
couleur  de  rose.  Not  that  in  the  majority  of 
cases  they  are  sent  out  with  the  deliberate 
design  to  deceive — the  Rose  owes  too  much  to 
Gallic  intelligence,  enthusiasm,  and  pains  for 


IN  TR  OD  UC  TION.  1 5 


a  charge  of  this  nature  to  be  made.  But  to 
the  raiser,  a  new  variety,  fostered  by  his  care 
and  travail,  naturally  possesses  enhanced  at- 
tractions which  may  not  be  equally  percepti- 
ble to  the  public ;  while  new  things  are  always 
apt  to  be  more  attractive  at  first  sight  than 
upon  closer  familiarity. 

The  English,  who  come  next  as  producers 
of  new  roses,  continue  to  send  out  some  ex- 
cellent novelties ;  and,  with  our  own  growers, 
exercise  better  care  and  more  reliability  in 
selecting  than  the  French.  America  has 
contributed  largely  those  kinds  suitable  for 
forcing  under  glass ;  and  of  American  roses 
produced  of  recent  years,  it  may  be  said 
they  are  nearly  all  valuable  as  proved  by 
general  cultivation. 

Among  new  roses  there  has  been  nothing 
better  produced  in  their  respective  classes 
than  Baroness  Rothschild  and  Mme.  Gabriel 
Luizet  in  pink,  La  France  in  silvery  rose, 
Mabel  Morrison  in  white,  Marechal  Niel  in 
yellow,  Catherine  Mermet  in  delicate  blush, 
Gloire  de  Dijon  in  rose-salmon,  Marie  Rady 
in  fragrant  and  vivid  vermilion,  and  General 
Jacqueminot  in  its  brilliant  scented  crimson 
bud.  Other  new  varieties  have  been  added, 
to  be  sure,  possessing  especial  merits.  Of 
distinct  sorts  recently  introduced  may  be  par- 


1 6  INTR  OD  UC  TION. 

ticularly  instanced :  Teas:  Mme.  Hoste  (Guil- 
lot,  1887),  Mme.  de  Watteville  (Guillot-fils, 
1884),  Mme.  Pierre  Guillot  (Guillot,  1888), 
Papa  Gontier  (Nabonnand,  1883),  Queen  (Din- 
gee  &  Conard  Co.,  1890),  Climbing  Niphetos 
(Keynes  &  Co.,  1889),  Climbing  Perle  des 
Jardins  (J.Henderson,  1890).  Hybrid Re7?w?i- 
tants:  American  Beauty  (Hon.  G.  Bancroft, 
1885),  Earl  of  Duflerin  (A.  Dickson  &  Sons, 
1887),  Gloire  de  Margottin  (Margottin,  1887), 
Lady  Helen  Stuart  (A.  Dickson  &  Sons,  1887), 
Mrs.  John  Laing  (Bennett,  1887).  Hybrid  Ru- 
gosa:  Mme.  G.  Bruant  (Bruant,  1888).  Bour- 
bon: Mrs.  Degraw  (Burgess,  1887).  Hybrid 
Tea:  Meteor  (Bennett,  1887).  Polya7itha: 
Clothilde  Soupert  (Soupert  &  Notting,  1890). 
Of  the  numerous  varieties  produced  since 
the  present  volume  was  written,  few  possess 
greater  claims  to  recognition  than  the  rose 
raised  by  the  author  .and  named  by  him  after 
the  distinguished  nomologist,  Marshall  P. 
Wilder — one  of  the  most  fragrant,  beautiful, 
and  free-flowering  of  the  hybrid-remontant 
class,  and  equalled  by  few  roses  as  an  autum- 
nal bloomer.  By  many,  American  Beauty, 
supposed  to  be  a  cross  from  Mme.  Victor 
Verdier  and  a  Tea  of  unknown  origin,  is  re- 
garded as  the  finest  of  roses.  In  its  class  it 
is  certainly  unrivalled,  with  its  immense  fra- 


IN  TR  OB  UC  TION.  1 7 

grant  blossoms,  beautiful  violet-red  color, 
long  stems,  and  luxuriant  foliage.  But  it  is 
essentially  a  rose  for  growing  under  glass, 
and  cannot  take  the  place  of  numerous  old- 
time  favorites  as  an  out-of-door  flower.  Of 
comparatively  recent  introduction,  Papa  Gon- 
tier,  in  like  manner,  is  greatly  prized  by 
florists  for  winter  forcing,  though  to  the  ama- 
teur it  scarcely  takes  the  place  of  its  deli- 
ciously-scented  rosy  rival,  Bon  Silene. 

The  improvements  in  the  Rose  may  be  best 
understood  on  comparing  the  monographs 
and  catalogues  of  the  present  day  with  the 
lists  of  a  half-century  ago,  and  more  espe- 
cially with  the  lists  as  given  by  the  old  garden- 
masters  like  Gerarde,  by  whom  it  is  extolled 
as  "  deserving  the  chiefest  and  most  principall 
place  among  all  floures  whatsoever."  How 
would  Herrick  and  Waller  have  hymned  its 
praises  could  they  have  beheld  and  savored 
the  roses  of  to-day !  For  what  improvements 
have  not  been  made  in  the  Queen  of  Flowers 
since  the  Elizabethan  poets  sang,  "  Go,  lovely 
rose,"  and  "  Gather  ye  rosebuds  while  ye 
may !" 

So  many  varieties  now  exist,  however,  that 
growers  should  exercise  redoubled  care  in 
sending  out  anything  as  a  novelty  which  does 
not  possess  intrinsic  merits  of   its  own.     It 


INTRODUCTION. 


may  still  be  reiterated  that  among  the  thou- 
sands of  varieties  included  in  the  genus  Rosa, 
there  exist  far  too  many  similar  colors,  and, 
equally,  too  many  varieties  whose  color  fades 
with  the  first  warm  sun,  though  many  of  the 
latter  class  prove  more  satisfactory  when 
grown  in  a  moist,  cool  climate.  There 
might  be  an  abundant  weeding  of  varieties 
possessing  a  purplish-magenta  shade,  to  the 
decided  advantage  of  both  growers  and  gar- 
dens. Too  little  attention  also  is  paid  in  the 
raising  of  new  varieties  and  in  deciding  the 
merits  of  exhibition  roses,  both  here  and 
abroad,  to  one  of  the  most  precious  virtues  of 
the  Rose — fragrance — 

.   .   .  The  coming  rose, 
The  very  fairest  flower,  they  say,  that  blows, 
Such  scent  she  hath. 

A  blue  rose  has  not  yet  been  produced. 
But  it  is  not  improbable  that  in  the  evolution 
of  this  favored  flower,  a  variety  with  a  pro- 
nounced bluish  cast,  at  least,  will  some  day 
smile  upon  its  sisterhood,  the  result  of  the 
skill  of  the  hybridizer,  or  the  work  perchance 
of  the  wandering  bee.  The  most  recent  ex- 
periments of  the  hybridizer,  in  this  case  Lord 
Penzance,  is  a  cross  known  as  hybrid  sweet- 
briars,  the  fragrance  of  the  leaves  of  the  par- 


INTRODUCTION.  19 

ent  species  being  transmitted  to  the  hybrid. 
Of  these  seedling  sweet-briars,  the  result  of 
various  crosses,  those  crossed  with  hybrid 
perpetuals  or  remontants,  hybrid  Chinas,  and 
hybrid  Bourbons,  have  proved  to  be  free  au- 
tumnal bloomers  with  highly-scented  flowers 
in  clusters,  a  scent  quite  independent  of  that 
of  the  foliage.  These  flowers,  to  which  an 
award  of  merit  was  accorded  by  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society  the  past  season,  range 
over  many  beautiful  shades  of  color,  and  al- 
though they  have  not  shown  great  tendency 
to  become  double,  two  rows  of  petals  being 
the  maximum,  the  idea  of  achieving  double- 
ness  has  not  been  given  up. 

As  to  the  question  of  budded  roses  versus 
those  grown  on  their  own  roots,  there  still 
exists  a  difference  of  opinion.  In  the  case  of 
certain  kinds  desirable  in  themselves,  but  not 
over-robust  in  habit,  the  budded  rose,  i.e., 
the  variety  budded  on  Manetti  stock,  endures 
better  the  heat  of  summer,  produces  more 
abundant  bloom,  and  forms  a  more  vigorous 
plant.  Of  roses  for  forcing  in  this  country, 
the  following  may  be  mentioned  as  represen- 
tative kinds,  although  in  respect  to  choice  of 
varieties,  florists  differ  somewhat,  in  different 
localities;  while  even  in  the  same  locality 
some  succeed  admirably  with  certain  kinds, 


20  INTRODUCTION. 

where  others  fail.  A  large  proportion  of  the 
following  are  grown  by  nearly  all  leading 
florists  throughout  the  country :  Teas:  Bride, 
Bon  Silene,  Catherine  Mermet,  Mme.  Cusin, 
Mme.  Hoste,  Mme.  de  Watteville,  Niphetos, 
Papa  Gontier,  Perle  des  Jardins,  Sunset. 
Hybrid  Teas:  Duchess  of  Albany,  La  France, 
Meteor,  Souvenir  de  Wooton.  Hybrid  China: 
Magna  Charta.  Hybrid  Remontant:  American 
Beauty,  Anne  de  Diesbach,  Baroness  Roths- 
child, General  Jacqueminot,  Mabel  Morrison, 
Mme.  Gabriel  Luizet,  Mrs.  John  Laing,  Paul 
Neyron,  Ulrich  Brunner. 

When  well  grown  under  glass,  few  roses 
equal  Souvenir  de  la  Malmaison  for  its  deli- 
cate refined  beauty,  and  the  delicious  attar-of- 
rose  fragrance  exhaled  by  its  flesh-colored  pet- 
als— a  fragrance  observable  in  a  less  degree  in 
Caroline  de  Sansal  and  some  other  varieties. 
Marechal  Niel,  in  like  manner,  has  no  equal  in 
its  splendid  yellow  full-blown  flower,  and  its 
highly  Tea-scented  perfume ;  but  it  is  unfortu- 
nately limited  to  a  single  lode  of  gold  during 
the  season.  With  regard  to  odors,  great  vari- 
ety exists  among  the  different  kinds — some 
recalling  a  luscious  fruit  in  their  particular 
fragrance,  others  exhaling  a  spicy  aroma,  and 
others  still  comparable  to  nothing  else  but 
the  pure  uncloying  odor  of  the  Rose  itself. 


IN  TR  01)  UC  TION.  2 1 

As  for  out-of-door  roses,  who  may  state  the 
favorites  among  so  many  of  the  fair?  Let 
each  one  decide  their  merits  for  himself ;  and, 
revelling  in  their  wealth  of  beauty  as  it  un- 
folds with  each  recurring  blossom-tide,  re- 
peat with  Omar : 

Look  to  the  blowing  Rose  about  us — "Lo, 
Laughing,"  she  says,  "into  the  world  I  blow, 
At  once  the  silken  tassel  of  my  Purse 
Tear,  and  its  Treasure  on  the  Garden  throw. " 

George  H.  Ellw anger. 
Rochester,  Oct.,  1892. 


PREFACE. 


HERE  have  been  so  many  works 
on  the  Rose  produced  within  the 
past  twenty  years,  several  of  them 
being  very  valuable  and  interest- 
ing, that  a  few  words  may  not  be  out  of  place, 
to  explain  why  it  was  thought  desirable  to 
add  to  the  number.  The  most  useful  of  these 
compilations  are  English  works,  but  the  dif- 
ferences of  climate,  ej:c,  render  necessary, 
for  this  country,  a  modification  and  change 
in  the  directions  for  culture.  The  same  rea- 
sons will  lead  us  to  select  a  somewhat  differ- 
ent list  of  varieties  for  general  cultivation 
from  what  would  be  chosen  by  English  Ro- 
sarians ;  besides  all  this,  there  is  the  expect- 
ant feeling  which  impels  all  authors,  that  the 
half  has  not  been  told,  that  in  a  subject  like 
this  no  compilation  can  ever  be  deemed  per- 


24  PREFA  CE. 

feet  or  final.  New  varieties,  new  classes  and 
types,  are  being  produced;  by  experience 
we  learn  that  modifications  of  old-established 
principles  are  often  necessary,  and  therefore 
fresh  gleanings  from  the  Rose  garden  will 
ever  be  acceptable  and  interesting  when 
coming  from  observing  and  loving  devotees 
of  La  Reine. 

While,  therefore,  this  book  neither  expects 
nor  desires  to  supersede  its  predecessors,  it 
asks  admission  to  their  fellowship,  hoping 
that  it  contains  enough  that  is  distinctive  and 
of  merit  to  be  considered  companionable. 

H.  B.  E. 

Mount  Hope  Nurseries,  Rochester,  1882. 


Librae 
N  O.  State  College 


THE    ROSE. 


i. 


CLASSIFICATION. 


O  two  books,  treating  of  the  rose, 
exactly  agree  as  to  the  different 
groups  under  which  roses  should 
be  classed,  and  those  who  expect 
some  slight  variance  in  this  work  from  what 
has  preceded  it,  in  other  compilations,  will 
not  be  wrong  in  their  conjectures. 

There  has  been  such  an  infinitude  of 
crosses  made  between  different  groups,  by 
means  natural  and  artificial,  that  it  would  be 
rather  remarkable  to  find  two  writers  who 
would  assign  the  same  varieties  through- 
out, to  the  same  classes.  So  it  is  that, 
by  the  various  conjectures  and  opinions  of 
the  different  authors,  much  confusion  and 
perplexity  has  been  engendered.  Some, 
in    order  that  the   character    of    a    variety 

25 


26  THE   ROSE. 

may  be  known  as  nearly  as  possible,  form 
many  groups,  classes,  divisions,  and  sub- 
divisions—  enough  to  make  the  head  of 
the  reader  swim  in  a  sea  of  perplexity; 
others,  in  order  to  avoid  a  multiplicity  of 
groups,  narrow  the  classification  to  a  few 
divisions,  and,  in  so  doing,  bury  completely 
the  distinguishing  characteristics  of  a  variety. 
The  former,  besides  arranging  Hybrid  Per- 
petuals  into  groups  of  Hybrid  Noisettes  and 
Hybrid  Teas,  further  divide  them  into  such 
groups  as  Hybrid  Bourbons,  Rose  de  Roso- 
mane,  Rose  de  Trianon,  etc.  The  latter 
wrould  place  all  these  among  Hybrid  Perpet- 
uals.  I  confess  to  leaning  towards  this  lat- 
ter class ;  but  where  we  have  distinguishing 
characteristics  that  are  very  marked,  and 
other  new  varieties  of  the  same  or  similar 
peculiarities  are  following,  it  seems  desir- 
able to  provide  a  distinctive  name  and  divi- 
sion for  them.  Thus,  when  Guillot  intro- 
duced La  France,  it  was  appropriately  placed 
among  the  Hybrid  Perpetual  Roses,  although 
known  to  have  originated  from  the  seed  of  a 
Tea  Rose.  It  would  have  been  unwise  to 
make  a  class  for  the  exclusive  benefit  of  this 
beauty,  trusting  that  worthy  companions 
might  in  the  future  be  found  for  her;  but 
now  that  we  have  Cannes  La  Coquette,  Ches- 


CLASSIFICATION.  27 


hunt  Hybrid,  Mme.  Alexandre  Bernaix,  and 
those  of  Mr.  Bennett's  raising,  it  seems  not 
only  desirable  but  necessary  to  group  them 
by  themselves.  The  same  is  the  case  with 
the  Hybrid  Noisettes ;  both  of  these  classes 
are  being  added  to  annually,  and  are  now  of 
very  great  importance.  On  the  other  hand, 
such  groups  as  the  Hybrid  Bourbons  are 
rapidly  receding  from  prominence,  and  in 
order  to  simplify  matters  their  disintegration 
should  be  made  complete ;  the  different  varie- 
ties that  are  deemed  worthy  of  being  retained 
can  be  placed  among  the  Hybrid  Perpetuals 
or  the  Bourbons,  according  to  their  more 
prominent  characteristics. 


II. 


THE    FAMILIES    OF     ROSES    IN     GENERAL   CULTI- 
VATION. 

PART  I.—SUMMER  ROSES.—  Those 
which  bloom  but  once  during  the  season, 
in  the  months  of  June  and  July. 

Class  i. — Climbing  or  Sarmentous  Roses. 

The  Ayrshire  Rose  {Rosa  Arvensis  Hybri- 
da). — These  roses,  of  English  origin,  are  of 
slender,  rapid  growth,  having  five  leaflets, 
often  running  fifteen  or  twenty  feet  in  one 
season,  and  are  of  use  in  covering  buildings, 
unsightly  objects,  etc.  They  are  somewhat 
less  hardy  and  less  valuable  than  the  hybrid 
climbers  and  prairie  roses.  They  do  not  re- 
quire rich  soil,  and  should  be  pruned  very 
little,  or  no":  at  all.  Bennett's  Seedling, 
Queen  of  Ayrshires,  Queen  of  Belgians,  and 
Ruga,  are  the  leading  sorts. 

The  Banksia  Rose  {Rosa  Ranksia)  is  a  na- 
tive of  China,  named  in  honor  of  Lady  Banks 
by    the    botanist    Robert    Brown.      It    was 

28 


ROSES  IN  GENERAL  CULTIVATION.     29 

brought  to  England  in  1807.  The  flowers, 
very  small,  resembling  double  cherry- 
blossoms,  are  produced  in  clusters  early  in 
the  season,  and  have,  generally,  a  decided 
violet  perfume;  indeed  I  doubt  whether 
many  persons,  if  blindfolded,  could  by  the 
odor  distinguish  them  from  violets.  The 
wood  is  very  smooth,  slender,  and  of  rapid 
growth.  The  leaflets  are  often  but  three  in 
number,  are  long,  dark,  and  lustrous.  Not 
being  hardy  they  can  have  no  great  value  at 
the  North,  but  in  the  Southern  States  they 
form  a  very  desirable  group.  The  best 
known  sorts  are  Alba  Grandiflora,  Fortunei, 
White  and  Yellow.  They  should  be  spar- 
ingly pruned. 

Boursault  Rose  {Rosa  Alpina). — This  is  a 
distinct  but  worthless  group,  which  receives 
its  name  from  M.  Boursault,  a  Parisian  rose 
amateur.  Most  of  the  varieties  are  free  from 
thorns  and  have  long,  flexible,  reddish- 
colored  shoots.  Amadis,  or  Crimson  Bour- 
sault, is  the  one  most  esteemed. 

The  Evergreen  Rose  {Rosa  Sempervirens), 
with  seven  leaflets,  has  much  in  common 
with  the  Ayrshire,  but  is  characterized  by 
dark  green  foliage,  which  is  retained  till  dis- 
lodged by  heavy  frosts ;  they  are  of  the  same 
hardiness  as  the  Ayrshires  and  require  the 


30  THE    ROSE. 


same  freedom  from  the  pruning-knife ;  the 
knife  should  only  be  applied  to  cut  out  en- 
tirely shoots  that  require  thinning.  There 
have  been  several  pretty  varieties  of  this 
group  sent  out,  but  Felicite  Perpetuelle  is 
perhaps  the  best  representative,  and  the  only 
one  we  would  commend  for  cultivation. 

Hybrid  Climbing  Roses  {Rosa  Hybrida  Scan- 
dens). — This  class  takes  in  those  sorts  for 
which  it  is  difficult  to  find  a  group  where 
they  can  be  appropriately  placed ;  it  gathers 
in  waifs  and  is  a  kind  of  orphan  asylum,  a 
place  of  refuge  for  the  abandoned  and  un- 
known. No  varieties  in  this  group  are  of  any 
great  value;  the  old  sorts,  Mme.  d'Arblay 
and  the  Garland,  once  the  best  known,  are 
now  almost  forgotten.  Those  which  are 
most  grown  are  Fortune's  Double  Yellow,  re- 
cently sent  out  under  the  name  Beauty  of 
Glazenwood,  and  La  Saumonee. 

The  Many-Flowered  Rose  {Rosa  Multi flora), 
five  to  seven  leaflets,  is  a  native  of  Japan,  in- 
troduced into  England  by  Thunberg  in  1804. 
It  flowers  in  clusters,  and  continues  for  some 
time  in  bloom ;  the  flowers  are  double,  small, 
and  of  no  great  beauty.  The  shoots  have 
comparatively  few  thorns,  which  come  in 
pairs.  De  la  Grifferaie  is  in  England  con- 
sidered valuable  as  a  stock  on  which  to  work 


ROSES  IN  GENERAL  CULTIVATION.     31 

the  climbing  teas  and  some  other  roses ;  we 
believe  it  may  be  good  for  this,  it  is  not  good 
for  anything  else.  Grevillia,  or  Seven  Sis- 
ters, generally  sent  out  tinder  the  latter 
name,  is  propagated  to  considerable  extent  in 
this  country,  and  is  principally  called  for  by 
tree  peddlers,  who  make  large  sales  of  it,  by 
means  of  exaggerated  colored  plates,  accom- 
panied by  untruthful  descriptions.  It  is  as 
tender  as  the  Tea-scented  Noisettes,  and  is  in 
every  way  inferior  to  them. 

The  Prairie  Rose  {Rosa  Setigera  or  Rubi- 
folia  [erroneous])  is  much  the  most  valuable 
of  all  the  non-remontant  climbers.  It  is 
indigenous  to  the  country,  being  found  in 
Michigan  and  many  of  the  Western  States. 
Seeds  of  the  common  variety  were  sown 
about  1836,  by  Messrs.  Samuel  and  John  Feast 
of  Baltimore.  The  seedlings  from  this  sow- 
ing were  fertilized  by  surrounding  flowers, 
from  some  of  the  best  varieties  of  roses 
grown  at  the  time,  and  from  this  lot  came 
Baltimore  Belle  and  Queen  of  the  Prairies, 
the  two  best-known  sorts.  The  foliage  is 
rough,  large,  5  to  7  leaflets,  generally  of  a 
dark  green  color;  for  rapidity  of  growth 
they  equal  or  excel  the  Ayrshires,  and  sur- 
pass all  other  climbers  in  hardiness.  They 
bloom  in   large  clusters  late  in  the  season, 


32  THE    ROSE. 


when  other  summer  roses  are  past  and  have 
gone  their  way,  and  succeed  over  a  greater 
extent  of  territory  than  any  other  climbers. 
Although  decidedly  inferior  in  quality  to 
the  Tea-Noisettes  and  Climbing  Teas,  their 
hardiness  and  superior  vigor  of  growth  make 
them  of  great  value  where  the  more  beautiful 
members  of  the  sisterhood  are  too  delicate  in 
constitution  to  be  made  useful.  When,  then, 
it  is  desired  to  cover  walls,  trellises,  old  trees, 
unsightly  buildings,  etc.,  with  roses,  none 
will  be  found  to  do  the  work  so  efficiently  as 
varieties  of  the  Prairie  Rose.  It  is  very  de- 
sirable that  further  development  of  this  im- 
portant class  should  be  found;  we  should 
endeavor,  by  artificial  fertilization,  to  pro- 
duce hybrids,  blending  Hybrid  Perpetual, 
Bourbon,  and  Noisette  with  the  Prairies. 
This,  with  the  more  double  varieties,  is  some- 
what difficult,  as  I  found  in  experiments  made 
under  glass  last  winter.  I  attempted  to  fer- 
tilize blooms  of  Baltimore  Belle,  Gem  of  the 
Prairies  and  Queen  of  the  Prairies,  by  differ- 
ent varieties,  such  as  General  Jacqueminot, 
Safrano  and  Solfaterre,  but  the  only  seed  I 
obtained  was  from  one  bloom  of  Gem  of  the 
Prairies  fertilized  by  General  Jacqueminot. 
The  pistils  of  the  Prairie  Roses  are  glued  to- 
gether,  as   it   were,  and   make   fertilization 


ROSES  IN  GENERAL  CULTIVATION.     33 

very  difficult;  Gem  of  the  Prairies,  itself  a 
hybrid,  is  the  only  one  on  which  seed  is  often 
found  in  the  open  air,  therefore  we  should 
probably  be  far  more  successful  in  making 
crosses  by  using  some  of  the  more  single 
varieties. 

The  most  desirable  of  the  class  are  Anna 
Maria,  Baltimore  Belle,  Gem  of  the  Prairies 
(the  only  variety  that  is  fragrant),  Queen  of 
the  Prairies,  and  Triumphant.  Baltimore 
Belle  is  the  most  beautiful,  but  seems  to 
contain  some  Noisette  blood,  which  makes 
it  less  hardy  than  the  others ;  it  is  sufficiently 
robust,  however,  to  withstand  all  ordinary 
winters.  The  Prairie  Roses,  like  all  climb- 
ers, should  be  sparingly  pruned. 

Class  2. 

Austrian  Brier  {Rosa  Lutea). — This  is  a  na- 
tive of  the  South  of  Europe,  having  single 
flowers,  of  a  yellow  or  coppery-yellow  color ; 
leaflets  7  to  9  in  number.  The  shoots  are  of 
a  chocolate  color,  well  fortified  with  spines. 
It  is  very  hardy,  and  from  its  color  and  hardi- 
ness offers  inducements  to  the  hybridizers, 
but  they  will  find  some  difficulty  in  getting 
it  to  seed.  These  roses  must  not  be  severely 
pruned  or  there  will  be  an  utter  absence  of 
flowers;  it  is  only  necessary  to  cut  away 
3 


34 


THE    ROSE. 


shoots  that  are  decayed  or  need  thinning  and 
merely  pinch  the  tops  of  shoots  that  are  left. 
It  is  a  small  but  interesting  family,  and  gives 
us  the  only  hardy  yellow  roses  that  are  of 
value.  There  are  three  varieties  worth 
growing,  the  Copper,  Harrisonii,  and  Persian 
Yellow.  The  foliage  of  this  class  has  a  slight 
odor  like  the  Sweet  Brier. 

The  Damask  Rose  {Rosa  Damascena)  is 
found  native  about  Damascus  and  various 
portions  of  Syria,  from  whence  it  was  brought 
to  Europe  about  1573.  It  is  in  a  large  degree 
the  founder  of  the  Hybrid  Perpetual  Roses. 
From  this  class,  and  also  from  the  Provence, 
most  of  the  rose-water  is  distilled.  The 
Damask  have  pale  green  leaves  (5  to  7  leaf- 
lets), green  shoots,  with  numerous  spines, 
are  of  vigorous  growth,  and  very  hardy ;  the 
flowers  are  mostly  flat,  of  light  colors,  and 
very  fragrant.     They  need  but  little  pruning. 

Mme.  Hardy  and  Mme.  Zoutman  are  the 
only  ones  worth  cultivating;  they  are  both 
very  valuable  white  roses,  albeit  the  first- 
named  is  "  green-eyed,  like  jealousy,  en- 
vious, it  may  be,  of  the  latter,  who,  though 
not  of  such  a  clear  complexion,  is  free  from 
ocular  infirmities." 

The  French  Rose  {Rosa  Gallica),  in  spite  of 
its  name,  has  not  been  traced  to  any  country, 


ROSES  IN  GENERAL  CULTIVATION.     35 

but  is  generally  credited  with  being  a  native 
of  Europe.  It  is  very  hardy,  of  compact 
growth,  requiring  close  pruning. 

The  varieties  in  this  class  have  very  dark 
leaflets,  5  to  7  in  number;  though  beautiful, 
they  are  superseded  by  various  Hybrid  Per- 
petuals  of  the  same  shade,  and  can  no  longer 
be  recommended  except  for  large  collections. 
The  best  of  them  are  Boule  de  Nanteuil, 
Oeillet  Flamand,  an  odd,  striped  variety,  and 
Triomphe  de  Jaussens. 

The  Hybrid  China  Rose  {Rosa  Indica  Hybri- 
da)  has  arisen  from  various  crosses  among 
the  French,  Provence  and  other  summer 
kinds,  with  the  China,  Noisette,  and  Bourbon 
Roses.  For  a  long  time  the  varieties  of  this 
class  were  our  most  beautiful  and  cherished 
roses,  but,  like  nearly  all  of  the'summer  sorts, 
they  are  outshone  and  outlasted  by  various 
Remontants.  In  this  connection  it  may  be 
remarked  that  about  one-fourth  of  the  roses 
which  are  sent  out  as  Hybrid  Perpetuals 
should  properly  be  placed  among  the  Hybrid 
Chinas,  for  the  flowers  which  they  produce 
in  autumn  are  the  exception  and  not  the  rule. 
A  Hybrid  Perpetual  may  be  described  as  a 
Hybrid  China  which  blooms  more  than  once 
during  the  season ;  if  this  classification  were 
carried  out,   we    should  to-day  be  growing 


36  THE    ROSE. 


many  more  Hybrid  Chinas  and  many  less 
Hybrid  Perpetuals.  Raisers  dislike  to  call  a 
new  variety  Hybrid  China,  if  by  any  stretch 
of  the  imagination,  or  from  having  seen  a 
bloom  during  the  autumn,  they  think  people 
can  be  persuaded  that  they  are  getting  a 
Remontant.  To  call  a  new  variety  a  summer 
rose  is  to  sound  its  death-knell,  and  no 
amount  of  adjectives  in  the  superlative  de- 
gree can  resuscitate  or  afford  it  sufficient 
stimulus  for  more  than  a  brief  existence. 
People  no  longer  buy  summer  roses,  at  least 
ninety-nine  out  of  one  hundred  do  not,  but 
unless  the  description  of  the  raiser  particularly 
states  to  the  contrary  (that  they  are  free  au- 
tumnals)  they  are,  all  the  same,  pretty  likely 
to  get  a  number  of  them,  and  in  the  course 
of  a  few  years  will  discover  that  many  beauti- 
ful roses  which  they  bought  for  Hybrid  Per- 
petuals are  simply  summer  roses  which  oc- 
casionally, or  very  rarely,  grudgingly  yield  a 
few  autumn  flowers.  In  this  book,  therefore, 
many  varieties  will  be  found  described  as 
Hybrid  Chinas,  which  are  catalogued*  by 
nurserymen,  as  Hybrid  Perpetuals. 

On  account  of  the  diverse  parentage  of  the 
varieties  in  this  group,  coming  from  so  many 
different  classes,  there  is  great  dissimilarity 
in  the  appearance  of  the  different  sorts,  but 


ROSES  IN  GENERAL  CULTIVATION.     37 

most  of  them  are  rapid  growers,  with  long, 
flexible  shoots;  smooth,  luxuriant  foliage; 
large,  rather  numerous,  thorns;  globular  or 
cup-shaped  flowers,  which  are  freely  produced 
in  their  season.  Those  of  vigorous  growth, 
and  most  of  them  are  such,  require  but  little 
pruning.  Many  of  them  make  beautiful  Pillar 
Roses  and  can  be  used  as  climbers  in  posi- 
tions where  extremely  rapid  growth  is  not 
required ;  in  such  places  they  make  the  best 
summer  climbers  that  we  have. 

"It  is  time,  I  think,  for  some  alterations 
in  the  nomenclature  and  classification  of  the 
rose.  When  summer  roses — roses,  that  is, 
which  bloom  but  once — were  almost  the  only 
varieties  grown,  and  when  hybridizers  found 
a  splendid  market  for  novelties  in  any  quan- 
tities, new  always,  and  distinct  in  name,  the 
subdivisions  yet  remaining  in  some  of  our 
catalogues  were  interesting,  no  doubt,  to 
our  forefathers,  and  more  intelligible,  let  us 
hope,  than  they  are  to  us.  Let  us  believe 
that  it  was  patent  to  their  shrewder  sense 
why  pink  roses  were  called  Albas,  and  roses 
whose  hues  were  white  and  lemon  were  de- 
scribed as  Damask.  Let  us  suppose  that 
they  could  distinguish  at  any  distance  the 
Gallica  from  the  Provence  Rose,  and  that 
when  they  heard  the  words  Hybrid  China, 


38  THE   ROSE. 

instead  of  being  reminded,  as  I  am,  of  a  cross 
between  a  Cochin  and  a  Dorking  fowl,  they 
recognized  an  infinity  of  distinctive  attributes 
which  estrange  that  variety  from  the  Hybrid 
Bourbon  in  the  most  palpable  and  objective 
form.  But  now  that  these  summer  roses  are 
no  longer  paramount — rapidly  disappearing, 
on  the  contrary,  before  the  superior  and  more 
enduring  beauty  of  those  varieties  which 
bloom  in  summer  and  autumn  too ;  now  that 
several  divisions  formerly  recognized  are 
gone  from  the  catalogues,  and  others  include 
but  two  or  three  able-bodied  roses  on  their 
muster-roll — it  would  be  advisable,  I  think, 
to  ignore  altogether  these  minor  distinctions, 
and  to  classify  as  summer  roses  all  those 
which  bloom  but  once.  Not  without  a  pain- 
ful sigh  can  we  older  rosarians  witness  the 
removal  of  our  old  landmarks — not  without  a 
loyal  sorrow  do  we  say  farewell  to  friends 
who  have  brightened  our  lives  with  so  much 
gladness ;  but  we  cannot  long  remember  our 
losses,  surrounded  as  we  are  by  such  abun- 
dant gains,  and  the  tears  of  memory  must 
pass  away  as  quickly  as  the  dew  in  summer."* 
We  think  within  a  few  years  the  suggestion 
of  Canon  Hole  will  be  partially  carried  out 
by  nurserymen  in    their  catalogues,   but  it 

*  S.  Reynolds  Hole. 


ROSES  IN  GENERAL  CULTIVATION.     39 

would  yet  be  well  to  keep  in  separate  groups 
the  Summer  Climbers,  the  Austrian  Brier, 
and  Moss  Roses.  What  remains  of  such  old 
classes  as  the  French,  Provence,  Damask, 
Hybrid  Bourbon,  etc.,  may  well  be  grouped 
with  the  Hybrid  Chinas. 

The  best  of  the  old  Hybrid  China  roses  are 
Chenedolle,  so  called  from  a  member  of  the 
Chamber  of  Deputies  in  France,  a  vivid  red  of 
large  size;  Coupe  d'Hebe  (who  would  not 
quaff  nectar  from  this?) ;  Mme.  Plantier,  a  val- 
uable white  rose  for  massing  and  for  hedges; 
and  Paul  Ricaut,  still  one  of  the  most  beau- 
tiful roses — alas  that  it  blooms  but  once ! 

The  Moss  Rose  {Rosa  Cetitifolia  Muscosa)  is 
believed  to  be  a  sport  from  the  Provence 
Rose,  and  was  introduced  to  England  from 
Holland,  about  the  beginning  of  the  seven- 
teenth century.  They  are  distinguished 
from  other  roses  by  the  moss-like  substance 
which  surrounds  the  flower-buds,  and  by  the 
marked  Provence  scent.  The  shoots  are 
thickly  covered  with  small  spines.  They  are 
very  subject,  as  a  class,  to  mildew,  and,  with 
a  few  exceptions,  require  close  pruning,  rich 
soil,  and  high  culture.  On  account  of  their 
beautiful  buds  they  are  great  favorites  with 
every  one,  and  form  decidedly  the  most 
valuable  group  of  all  the  summer  roses.     The 


40 


THE    ROSE. 


finest  varieties  of  the  race  are  Common  Moss, 
Crested,  and  Prolific  or  Gracilis.  Most  of 
the  kinds  have  7  leaflets. 

The  Provence  Rose  {Rosa  Cetitifolia  Provin- 
cialis) ,  or  Cabbage  Rose,  is  supposed  to  have 
been  known  to  the  Romans,  and  derives  its 
botanical  name  from  the  great  number  of 
petals  or  flower-leaves.  Its  origin  is  not 
known,  but  growing  abundantly  in  Provence, 
the  South  of  France,  it  has  received  that 
name,  though  the  French  themselves  always 
call  it  by  the  botanical  name  of  Rose  a  Cent- 
Feuilles.  Their  habit  is  somewhat  drooping 
and  straggling,  the  foliage  massive;  the 
flowers  are  generally  of  globular  form  and  of 
delightful  scent,  so  that  to  say  a  variety  is  as 
fragrant  as  the  Cabbage  Rose  is  commenda- 
tion enough,  so  far  as  scent  is  concerned. 
This  class  demands  good  culture  and  close 
pruning ;  though  but  few  in  numbers,  it  was 
formerly  an  important  group,  and  will  ever 
be  remembered  through  the  Common  Pro- 
vence, or  Cabbage  Rose,  a  variety  which, 
though  blossoming  but  once,  should  be  found 
in  every  collection  of  any  size.  None  others 
are  worth  cultivating  except  the  highly 
scented  Crested  Provence,  which  is  better 
known  as  Crested  Moss  and  appropriately 
placed  with  the  Mosses. 


ROSES  IN  GENERAL  CULTIVATION.     41 

The  Sweet-Brier  {Rosa  Rubiginosa),  or 
Eglantine,  with  7  leaflets,  is  found  growing 
wild  in  different  countries,  but  the  variety 
known  as  Common  Sweet-Brier,  a  native  of 
England,  is  the  only  one  worth  growing.  It 
is  almost  needless  to  remark  that  the  pink 
flowers,  which  are  single,  possess  interest 
only  for  the  botanist  or  artist ;  it  is  the  leaves 
of  the  plant  which  are  so  attractive  to  gen- 
eral cultivators.  After  a  warm  spring 
shower,  or  when  moistened  by  the  morning 
or  evening  dew,  the  foliage  gives  out  a  de- 
lightful perfume,  sui  generis,  equalled  by 
few  rose-blooms.  Any  garden  of  consider- 
able size  should  certainly  contain  a  few  plants 
of  this  favorite  rose  of  the  poets ;  they  may  be 
planted  individually,  or  in  hedges,  as  they 
bear  clipping  without  injury. 

The  Scotch  Rose  {Rosa  Spinosissimd),  called 
by  the  French,  Rosier  Pimprenelle,  is,  true 
to  the  botanical  name,  the  most  thorny  of  all 
roses;  but,  though  possessing  some  merit, 
has  almost  passed  out  of  cultivation.  It  is  a 
native  of  England  and  Scotland,  and  many 
varieties  have  been  raised  from  seed  and  sent 
out  by  Scotch  nurserymen,  the  names  of 
which  are  quite  forgotten,  most  of  them  de- 
servedly so.  They  are  of  compact  growth, 
very  hardy,  generally  9  leaflets,  and  produce 


42  THE    ROSE. 

small  flowers  very  early  in  the  season ;  they 
require  but  little  pruning.  The  two  varieties 
which  are  perhaps  most  grown  are  two  hy- 
brids, Stanwell's  Perpetual  and  Souvenir  of 
Henry  Clay  (raised  in  America) ;  these  give 
a  few  flowers  in  autumn  in  addition  to  those 
in  spring. 

PART  II.— PERPETUAL  OR  AUTUM- 
NAL ROSES. — Blooming  more  than 
once  during  the  season,  many  of  them 
continuously  from  June  to  November,  or 
until  cut  off  by  the  frost. 

Class  i. — Sarmentous,   Climbing  or  Run- 
ning Roses. 

All  of  these  will  thrive  in  any  ordinary, 
good  garden-soil,  that  is  free  from  standing 
water.  The  more  vigorous  varieties  should 
have  but  little  pruning ;  generally  to  thin  out 
branches  that  crowd  the  others  will  be  all 
the  knife-work  required. 

Hybrid  Climbing  Roses  {Rosa  Hybrida  Scan- 
dens)  are  of  modern  origin  and  come  from 
various  sources;  the  greater  number  are 
sports  of  various  Hybrid  Perpetuals ;  several 
of  them  have  an  extra  vigor  of  growth  at  the 
expense  of  freedom  and  size  of  bloom,  but 
one  variety,  Climbing  Jules  Margottin,  is  not 


ROSES  IN  GENERAL  CULTIVATION     43 

only  one  of  the  strongest  growers  among 
them,  but  yields  fully  as  many  flowers  and 
of  quite  as  good  quality,  as  the  parent  plant. 
None  of  them  make  growth  enough  to  cover 
large  buildings,  but  for  growing  on  a  trellis 
or  pillar  they  are  very  desirable.  We  are 
likely  to  have  many  valuable  additions  to 
this  class  in  the  near  future ;  it  is  already  an 
important  group.  Besides  Climbing  Jules 
Margottin,  the  most  valuable  members  of  the 
group  which  we  have  tested  are  Reine  Marie 
Henriette,  Princess  Louise  Victoria,  and 
Climbing  Victor  Verdier.  The  former  was 
raised  from  the  Climbing  Tea,  Mme.  Berard, 
fertilized  by  General  Jacqueminot;  it  is  a 
highly  scented  red  rose,  somewhat  resem- 
bling Cheshunt  Hybrid,  and  though  not  a  free 
autumnal  sort  will  give  a  number  of  blooms 
throughout  the  summer  months.  Climbing 
Victor  Verdier  differs  mainly  from  the  parent 
in  being  of  stronger  growth,  the  flowers  are 
somewhat  smaller,  and  less  freely  produced. 
Climbing  Edward  Morren,  Bessie  Johnson, 
and  Mdlle.  Eugenie  Verdier  are  new  varieties 
which  we  have  not  seen  in  flower  but  are 
well  spoken  of.  Other  varieties  in  the  class 
are  Catherine  Bell  and  Red  Dragon.  Glory 
of  Cheshunt,  raised  from  Charles  Lefebvre, 
is  a  new  variety  sent  out  by  G.  Paul,  of  Ches- 


44  THE    ROSE. 


hunt,  England.  We  saw  this  in  flower,  dur- 
ing a  visit  to  Cheshunt  in  August,  1880,  and 
were  very  favorably  impressed  with  it; 
should  it  succeed  as  well  hsre  as  there,  it 
will  be  the  best  rose  of  the  class.  It  is  a 
vivid  crimson,  freely  produced,  and  of  vig- 
orous growth ;  it  must  be  a  natural  hybrid, 
or  cross,  as  no  seedling  of  Charles  Lefebvre 
yet  produced  will  compare  in  vigor  of  growth 
with  this  new  sort. 

The  Microphylla  or  Small-Leaved  Rose  {Rosa 
Microphylla)  is  a  native  of  China,  and  was 
brought  from  there  to  England  in  1823.  The 
leaf-stalks  are  covered  with  numerous  small 
leaflets,  which  give  a  name  to  the  class. 
They  are  not  quite  hardy  and  have  with  one 
exception  but  little  value.  Alba  or  Alba 
Odorata  seems  to  have  some  Tea  blood ;  the 
flowers  are  a  pale  yellowish  white,  often 
pure  white,  and  highly  scented.  This  is  a 
valuable  rose  south  of  Washington. 

The  Noisette  or  Champney  Rose  {Rosa  Mos- 
chata  Hybridd)  is  of  American  origin.  From 
the  seed  of  the  White  Musk  Rose  fertilized 
by  the  Blush  China  (Bengal),  John  Champney, 
of  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  raised  a  variety 
which  was  called  Champney's  Pink  Cluster. 
A  few  years  after,  Philippe  Noisette,  a  florist, 
also  of  Charleston,  raised  from  the  seed  of 


ROSES  IN  GENERAL  CULTIVATION.     45 

Champney's  Pink  Cluster  a  blush  variety, 
which  he  sent  to  his  brother,  Louis  Noisette, 
of  Paris,  France,  under  the  name  of  Noisette 
Rose,  not  giving  credit  to  Mr.  Champney,  as 
the  originator  of  the  class,  which  has  ever 
since  borne  the  wrong  title  of  Noisette  Rose. 
Louis  Noisette  received  it  about  the  year 
18 1 7.  These  roses,  originally,  had  the 
characteristics  in  a  great  measure  of  the  old 
Musk  Rose,  such  as  scent  and  a  tendency  to 
bloom  in  large  clusters.  The  group  is  natu- 
rally of  strong  growth  and  nearly  hardy,  but 
the  varieties  which  are  now  commonly  grown 
have  generally  Tea  blood  in  them,  and  have 
therefore  lost  much  of  their  hardiness  as  well 
as  the  habit  of  blooming  in  clusters. 

Among  the  true  Noisettes,  Aimee  Vibert 
(Scandens)  is  decidedly  the  most  valuable; 
the  flowers  are  small  but  pure  white,  suffi- 
ciently full,  of  beautiful  form ;  the  foliage  is 
a  dark  lustrous  green;  growth  vigorous. 
Others  belonging  to  this  division  are  Admiral 
Rigney  or  Eugene  Pirolle,  Beauty  of  Green- 
mount,  Caroline  Marniesse,  Fellenberg, 
Ophirie,  Pumila,  Washington,  Woodland 
Marguerite.  None  of  these  will  have  inter- 
est for  small  cultivators,  excepting  perhaps 
Pumila,  and  this  is  somewhat  more  tender 
than  the  rest.     Among  the  Tea-scented  Noi- 


46  THE   ROSE. 


settes  we  have  some  superb  roses,  which 
have  far  more  substance,  and  are  much  more 
beautiful,  than  those  named  above,  albeit  less 
hardy.  They  make  magnificent  climbers 
under  glass,  and  some  of  them  succeed  fairly 
well  at  the  North  out  of  doors,  if  given  shel- 
tered positions.  In  the  Southern  States  they 
are  by  far  the  finest  climbers  that  can  be 
grown.  Marechal  Niel,  which  is  said  to  have 
been  raised  from  Isabella  Gray,  according  to 
general  opinion,  is  at  once  the  best  Noisette, 
the  finest  yellow,  and  the  most  beautiful 
variety  of  any  class  that  has  ever  been  sent 
out.  Chromatella  is  another  superb  yellow, 
in  beauty  of  flower  but  a  few  degrees  re- 
moved from  the  Marechal ;  but  she  is  shy  of 
her  charms,  and  unless  carefully  treated  will 
not  display  her  beauty.  If  you  would  have 
flowers  in  profusion  from  any  of  these  roses, 
you  must  keep  away  the  pruning-knife,  ex- 
cepting when  it  is  necessary  to  cut  away 
shoots  altogether.  Dr.  Kane  and  Isabella 
Gray  are  two  lovely  roses  of  American  origin 
which  demand  the  same  skill  in  management 
as  Chromatella.  Solfaterre  is  the  most  use- 
ful yellow  of  them  all ;  it  is  hardier,  of  better 
habit,  and  more  certain  to  flower  than  any, 
and  the  blooms  are  but  little  inferior.  Be- 
sides all    this,   it  makes  the  best  stock  on 


ROSES  IN  GENERAL  CULTIVATION.     47 

which  to  bud  Teas,  or  Hybrids  from  the 
Teas,  of  any  that  I  am  acquainted  with,  sur- 
passing that  excellent  stock  and  parent 
variety,  Lamarque.  I  should  advise  all  per- 
sons who  wish  to  grow  Tea  Roses,  under 
glass,  planted  in  borders,  to  put  out  plants  of 
Solfaterre,  and  on  these,  after  they  have 
made  sufficient  growth,  to  bud  all  but  the 
vigorous  growing  Teas.  Marechal  Niel  and 
all  the  Gloire  de  Dijon  type  of  Teas  are  im- 
proved by  being  worked  on  this  stock.  Be- 
ing much  less  hardy  than  the  Common  Brier, 
it  would  not  be  so  good  a  foster-parent  for 
the  Teas  which  are  worked  out  of  doors,  but 
under  glass  I  know  of  nothing  equal  to  it. 
Lamarque  is  a  superior  old  white  rose,  which 
has  somewhat  gone  out  of  cultivation;  but 
this  should  not  be,  for  it  retains  the  cluster- 
ing tendency  of  the  race  and  produces  an 
immense  quantity  of  flowers  during  the 
season.  It  is  a  noble  rose.  Nearly  all  the 
fine  Tea-Noisettes  are  traced  back  to  Lamar- 
que. Besides  those  alread}'-  named,  we  have 
Celine  Forestier,  Mme.  Caroline  Kuster, 
Triomphe  de  Rennes,  and  W.  A.  Richardson, 
all  fine  yellow  roses,  of  healthy  habit  and 
easy  of  cultivation. 

The  Polyantha  Remontant  Rose  (Rosa  Poly- 
anthd)  was  brought  from  Japan  about  the  year 


48  THE    ROSE. 


1865,  by  Robert  Fortune,  and  is  distinguished 
from  all  other  classes  by  its  panicled  blooms. 
This  peculiarity  is  not  generally  retained, 
however,  when  crossed  with  other  roses,  at 
least  not  in  most  of  the  varieties  which  have 
been  sent  out  as  seedlings  from  it.  M.  Jean 
Sisley,  the  eminent  horticulturist  of  Lyons, 
says  of  this  class :  "  It  appears  not  to  have 
crossed  any  of  the  other  types  with  its  own 
pollen.  In  a  bed  I  made  two  years  ago,  with 
the  seed  in  question  (without  practising  arti- 
ficial fertilization),  I  found  pure  Eglantines. 
I  would  therefore  recommend  rosarians  to 
try  artificial  fertilization  on  the  other  types, 
as,  if  we  could  get  Tea-scented  Bourbons, 
and  Perpetual  Hybrids  with  flowers  in  pan- 
icles, we  should  change  the  whole  aspect  of 
the  rose  garden,  and  in  a  most  interesting 
way  modify  the  rose  genus." 

We  believe  some  of  the  French  rosarians 
have  acted  on  this  suggestion,  and  that  they 
have  in  a  measure  been  successful  in  produc- 
ing roses  with  these  characteristics,  as  in  the 
two  varieties  Paquerette  raised  by  Guillot- 
fils,  and  Anne  Marie  de  Montravel  raised  by 
Rambaux  and  Dubreuil.  In  August,  1880, 
when  in  Lyons,  we  saw  a  very  pretty  variety 
of  this  group  raised  from  a  seedling  of  Poly- 
antha  crossed  by  a  Tea.     The  blooms,  which 


ROSES  IN  GENERAL  CULTIVATION.     49 

are  of  a  very  delicate  salmon-pink,  are  freely 
produced  and  highly  scented.  If  it  proves  to 
be  of  good  habit,  it  will  be  a  charming 
variety  for  bouquets,  etc.  It  has  since  been 
named  Mdlle.  Cecile  Brunner.  These  three 
sorts  are  the  only  ones  of  value  as  yet  sent 
out ;  all  are  remontant,  which  is  not  the  case 
with  the  parent  variety. 

The  Climbing  Tea  Rose  {Rosa  Indica  Odo- 
rata  Sca?ide?is)  is  a  class,  or  division,  so  dis- 
tinct from  the  other  Teas,  that  it  requires  a 
place  for  itself.  Nearly  all  the  varieties  cat- 
alogued in  this  division  are  descendants  of 
Gloire  de  Dijon,  but  hybridizers  are  making 
great  progress  of  late,  and  it  is  probable  we 
shall  soon  have  varieties  from  other  strains 
and  outcrosses  to  be  added  to  the  list  of 
Climbing  Teas.  The  origin  of  Gloire  de 
Dijon  is  unknown.  It  was  raised  in  the 
South  of  France  by  Jacotot,  and  sent  out  in 
1853,  creating  a  great  furor  in  rose-circles. 
My  opinion  is,  that  we  have  in  this  a  natural 
hybrid  produced  from  the  seed  of  some  strong 
growing  Tea,  or  Tea-Noisette  which  had  been 
impregnated  by  a  Bourbon  of  robust  habit. 
Gloire  de  Dijon  and  its  offspring  are  of  vigor- 
ous growth  when  once  established,  but  the 
young  plants  require  a  long  time  (if  grown 
from  cuttings)  before  they  have  vitality 
4 


5o  THE    ROSE. 

enough  to  push  into  strong  growth.  It  is 
therefore  a  great  advantage  to  obtain  them 
worked  on  some  other  stock,  such  as  Solfa- 
terre,  De  la  Grifferaie,  or  seedling  Brier. 
The  foliage  is  very  large,  thick,  and  lustrous ; 
thorns  comparatively  few;  the  flowers  are 
of  large  size,  globular  shape,  full,  and  with 
some  fragrance.  None  of  the  progeny  are 
quite  equal  to  the  mother  variety  in  freedom 
of  bloom,  hardiness,  or  fragrance;  Marie 
Berton,  a  superb  pale  yellow  rose,  ranks 
second.  Next  in  order  come  Belle  Lyonnaise, 
Mme.  Trifle,  and  Mme.  Berard,  this  last  being 
too  much  like  Gloire  de  Dijon  to  be  valuable 
in  a  small  collection.  The  new  variety,  Reine 
Marie  Henriette,  which  might  be  classed  with 
these,  has  already  been  mentioned  and  de- 
scribed among  the  Hybrid  Climbers.  This 
sort,  unlike  the  Gloire  de  Dijon  race,  will 
make  strong  plants  grown  from  cuttings, 
rooting  and  growing  as  freely  as  General 
Jacqueminot.  Besides  these  varieties,  we 
have  climbing  Devoniensis,  a  sport  from  old 
Devoniensis  and  identical  with  it  in  flower, 
but  of  much  stronger  growth.  Except  Climb- 
ing Devoniensis  they  are  more  than  half- 
hardy,  and  will  do  well  out  of  doors  in  posi- 
tions that  are  sheltered. 


ROSES  IN  GENERAL  CULTIVATION.     51 

Class  2. — Autumnal  non-Climbers. 

The  Bengal  or  China  Rose  {Rosa  Indicd)  is 
a  native  of  China  which  was  brought  to 
Europe  some  time  during  the  eighteenth 
century.  Two  varieties  were  introduced, 
the  Blush  China  and  Crimson  China;  from 
these  a  great  number  of  seedlings  have  been 
raised,  many  of  them  crosses  from  Teas. 
Two  groups  are  often  made  of  these  roses, 
but  there  is  no  necessity  of  this,  as  very  few 
differ  sufficiently  to  make  two  divisions  de- 
sirable. They  are  of  moderate,  branching 
growth,  with  foliage  and  flowers  both  small. 
They  require  a  rich  soil  and  close  pruning ; 
thus  favored,  they  give  perhaps  a  greater 
quantity  of  flowers  during  the  season  than 
any  other  class.  They  are  not  hardy  and 
have  no  fragrance,  but  in  spite  of  this  are  a 
very  valuable  group  on  account  of  the  pro- 
fusion of  crimson  buds  which  are  furnished  by 
such  sorts  as  Agrippina.  A  bed  of  Agrippina, 
on  a  lawn,  is  a  most  desirable  thing ;  none  of 
the  other  crimsons  are  quite  equal  to  this  old 
sort,  from  whatever  point  of  view  they  be 
considered;  among  them,  we  note  Eugene 
Beauharnais,  Fabvier,  Louis  Philippe.  The 
leading  varieties  of  lighter  shades  are  Cels 
Multiflora,  Clara  Sylvain,  Ducher,  and  Mme. 


52  THE    ROSE. 

Bureau.  Two  varieties  of  the  class  which 
have  marked  peculiarities  are  Viridiflora  or 
Viridiscens,  and  James  Sprunt.  The  former 
is  probably  a  sport  from  the  old  Blush,  or  one 
of  its  immediate  descendants ;  its  peculiarity 
consists  in  green  flowers  which  are  freely 
produced;  though  curious,  it  is  not  attrac- 
tive, and  it  possesses  little  value,  save  as 
a  curiosity.  James  Sprunt  originated  in  the 
year  1858.  Rev.  James  M.  Sprunt,  D.D., 
a  Presbyterian  clergyman  of  Kenansville, 
North  Carolina,  divided  some  strong  plants 
of  Agrippina.  Afterwards  he  observed  a 
single  shoot  from  one  of  these  plants  growing 
vigorously  without  flowers  or  branches;  it 
grew  over  fifteen  feet  before  it  showed  any 
flower  buds,  the  rest  of  the  plant  retaining 
its  normal  characteristics.  This  shoot 
branched  out  very  freely  the  following  year, 
and  cuttings  taken  from  it  invariably  retained 
the  same  climbing  habit.  The  flowers  of 
James  Sprunt  are  somewhat  larger  and  fuller 
than  Agrippina,  but  are,  of  course,  not  pro- 
duced till  the  plant  has  made  considerable 
growth.  It  is  a  valuable  greenhouse  climber. 
What  are  called  Fairy  Roses  are  miniature 
Bengals;  we  do  not  consider  them  of  any 
value,  the  Bengals  are  small  enough. 

The  Bourbon  Rose  {Rosa  Bourboniana)  was 


ROSES  IN  GENERA L  CULTI VA  TION.     5 3 

obtained  from  the  Isle  of  Bourbon  and  taken 
to  France  (either  seeds  or  plants)  in  the 
early  part  of  the  century.  It  was  noticed 
growing  in  a  hedge  of  Bengal  and  Damask 
Perpetual  Roses,  and  on  examination  proved 
distinct  from  either,  but  seemed  to  have 
characteristics  which  pertained  to  both.  It 
has  been  considered  therefore  as  a  natural 
hybrid,  a  product  from  these  two  groups. 
Except  in  the  case  of  varieties  strongly  im- 
pregnated with  Tea  blood,  this  class  is 
sufficiently  hardy  to  withstand  all  but  ex- 
traordinary winters ;  the  tops  may  be  black- 
ened by  the  frost,  but  shoots  will  push  forth 
from  the  lower  buds.  The  varieties  vary 
greatly  in  growth  and  other  features,  but 
most  of  them  are  of  vigorous  habit,  and  have 
dark,  lustrous  foliage.  The  flowers  are  gen- 
erally of  light  shades  and  found  in  clusters, 
and  are  specially  valuable  in  the  autumn, 
when  so  many  Hybrid  Perpetuals  belie  their 
name.  But  it  must  .not  be  overlooked  that 
many  Bourbon  Roses  are  also  shy  autumnals, 
though  mention  of  this  is  seldom  made  in 
any  of  the  catalogues,  and  the  impression  is 
therefore  general  that  all  Bourbon  Roses  pro- 
duce flowers  freely  in  the  autumn.  There 
are  several  well-known  sorts,  like  Dupetit 
Thouars,    Sir  J.  Paxton,  etc.,   that  will  not 


54  THE   ROSE. 


produce  flowers  in  the  fall  of  the  year  at  all, 
unless  specially  pruned  and  treated.  Those 
which  are  of  moderate  growth  require  rich 
soil  and  close  pruning;  such  are  Hermosa, 
Queen  of  Bourbons,  Souvenir  de  la  Malmai- 
son,  and  the  new  Queen  of  Bedders,  all  ex- 
cellent varieties  worthy  a  place  in  a  small 
collection.  The  stronger  growers  need  to 
have  less  wood  removed,  but  must  have 
moderate  pruning.  The  best  of  them  are 
Apolline,  Cornice  de  Tarn-et-Garonne, 
Duchesse  de  Thuringe,  Edward  Desfosses, 
George  Peabody,  and  Malmaison.  If  these 
have  the  shoots  moderately  cut  back  so  soon 
as  each  is  through  flowering,  they  will  give  a 
succession  of  flowers  from  June  until  cut  off 
by  the  frost.  Souvenir  de  la  Malmaison  is 
the  general  favorite  of  this  group,  but  I  con- 
sider Apolline  as  the  most  valuable;  it 
flowers  with  the  same  freedom  as  Hermosa, 
when  cut  back  as  directed  above,  and  has 
large  cup-shaped  blossoms  of  rosy-carmine 
that  are  very  attractive.  No  collection  can  be 
complete  with  this  variety  left  out. 

The  Hybrid  Noisette  Rose  {Rosa  Noisettiana 
Hybridd)  is  a  comparatively  new  group  of  con- 
siderable importance.  The  varieties  of  this 
class  generally,  though  not  always,  flower  in 
small  clusters  and  bloom  very  freely  through- 


ROSES  IN  GENERAL  CULTIVATION.     55 

out  the  season ;  they  are  of  about  the  same 
degree  of  hardiness  as  the  Bourbons — that  is, 
will  winter  with  perfect  safety  if  given  some 
slight  protection,  such  as  hilling  up  earth 
about  the  plants  or  covering  them  with  a 
loose  litter  or  evergreen  branches.  It  is  not 
easy  to  ascertain  the  origin  of  this  class,  but 
the  varieties  are  mostly  from  crosses  of  Bour- 
bon on  Noisette  and  vice  versa.  They  all  re- 
quire pretty  severe  pruning.  The  most 
beautiful  in  the  class  are  Madame  Noman, 
Mdlle.  Bonnaire,  and  Eliza  Boelle,  a  trio  of 
white  roses  which  might  well  represent  the 
three  Graces.  There  is  too  strong  a  resem- 
blance between  them  to  make  all  desirable 
in  a  small  collection,  but  it  is  difficult  to 
know  which  of  them  to  reject.  Our  own  pref- 
erence inclines  towards  Madame  Noman. 
These  are  the  most  delicate  in  habit ;  of  the 
stronger  growing  varieties  which  partake 
more  of  the  Noisette  character,  Coquette  des 
Alpes,  Coquette  des  Blanches,  and  Mme. 
Auguste  Perrin  are  most  noteworthy. 
Baronne  de  Maynard,  Madame  Alfred  de 
Rougemont,  and  Madame  Frangois  Pittet  are 
worthy  a  place  in  collections  of  considerable 
extent. 

The  Hybrid  Perpetual,  or  Hybrid  Remontant 
Rose  {Rosa  Damascena  Hybridd)  is  by  far  the 


56  THE    ROSE. 


most  valuable,  if  not  the  most  beautiful, 
of  all  groups  of  roses.  The  first  varieties 
sent  out  were  mostly  from  crosses  of  Bour- 
bons upon  Damask  Perpetuals  and  Hybrid 
Chinas ;  afterwards  crosses  were  made  with 
varieties  of  Provence,  Damask,  and  French 
roses  upon  Bourbons,  Bengals,  and  Teas,  and 
vice  versa.  The  progeny  of  these  was  then 
recrossed  with  different  classes,  and  so  it  is 
we  have  a  group  of  the  most  heterogeneous 
character,  combining  the  good  and  bad  quali- 
ties, in  greater  or  less  degree,  of  nearly  all 
the  others.  There  are  certain  types  in  this 
group  which  gather  together  many  varieties, 
in  which  the  relationship  to  some  one  sort 
is  readily  discerned,  as  the  Jules  Margottin 
type,  General  Jacqueminot  and  its  progeny, 
and  the  La  Reine  family ;  but  there  is  a  vast 
number  of  sorts  whose  kinship  cannot  be 
traced ;  this  is  owing  to  the  fact  that  the 
greater  number  of  varieties  have  been  raised 
from  mixed  seed,  where  no  record  was  made 
of  the  names ;  and  also  that  in  many  cases, 
where  the  seed  of  different  varieties  was 
sown  separately,  there  has  often  been  a 
carelessness  in  making  such  a  record,  de- 
pendence being  placed  on  the  memory  alone. 
So  that  many  varieties  whose  parentage  is 
given   are   oftentimes  not   properly   traced; 


ROSES  IN  GENERAL  CULTIVATION.     57 

it  being  made  a  matter  of  conjecture,  or  left 
to  fallible  memory  to  recall.  The  varieties 
differ  greatly  in  all  their  characteristics, 
and  so  require  somewhat  different  culture 
and  treatment.  Those  that  are  of  vigor- 
ous growth,  as  in  other  classes,  need  much 
less  pruning  than  those  of  dwarfed  habit, 
for  if  cut  back  too  severely  they  run  too 
much  to  wood.  There  have  been  hundreds 
of  varieties  of  this  class  sent  out,  and  the 
number  of  new  sorts  somewhat  increases 
each  year.  Eugene  Verdier,  of  Paris,  has 
been  foremost  in  the  dissemination  of  new 
sorts,  and  it  will  be  interesting  to  take  note 
of  the  number  of  varieties  offered  by  him, 
including  those  of  his  own  raising,  for  a  few 
years  back.  In  1872  he  offered  for  sale 
thirty-nine  new  Hybrid  Perpetual  Roses, 
eight  of  them  his  own  seedlings;  in  1873 
he  offered  forty-five,  ten  of  them  his  own ;  in 
1874  he  offered  forty-six,  ten  of  them  his 
own;  in  1875  he  offered  forty-eight,  twelve 
of  them  his  own ;  in  1876  he  offered  thirty- 
four,  ten  of  them  his  own;  in  1877  he  offered 
forty-one,  ten  of  them  his  own;  in  1878  he 
offered  forty,  ten  of  them  his  own;  in  1879 
he  offered  forty-two,  eight  of  them  his  own. 
There  are,  of  course,  several  new  sorts  each 
year  which  M.  Verdier  does  not  get  hold  of; 


58  THE    ROSE. 


including  these,  it  will  be  seen  that  there  are 
not  less  than  forty-five  new  Hybrid  Perpetual 
Roses  introduced  each  year;  perhaps  one- 
fifth  of  them  are  worth  growing,  certainly 
not  more.  The  rest,  either  from  being  in- 
ferior in  quality  to  old-established  sorts,  or 
from  too  great  similarity  to  them,  are  ulti- 
mately consigned  to  the  rubbish  heap.  No 
satisfactory  selection  can  be  made  from  this 
innumerable  class,  except  as  made  for  some 
special  end,  and  having  some  prominent 
features  in  view.  We  therefore  give  special 
chapters  to  a  consideration  of  the  best  Hybrid 
Perpetuals  for  special  purposes,  in  which  the 
various  merits  and  peculiarities  of  different 
varieties  are  discussed  at  some  length. 

The  Hybrid  Tea  Rose  {Rosa  Indica  Odorata 
Hybrida)  is  a  new  group  produced  from  cross- 
ing Teas  with  Hybrid  Perpetuals.  This  is  a 
class  but  yet  in  an  incipient  state ;  within  a 
few  years  it  is  likely  there  will  be  a  great 
number  of  varieties  where  now  there  are  but 
few ;  it  is  also  to  be  expected  that  there  will 
be  various  and  distinct  types  among  them. 
Indeed  among  those  we  already  have,  La 
France,  Cheshunt  Hybrid,  and  Beauty  of 
Stapleford  show  almost  as  marked  variations 
as  could  be  found  among  any  Hybrid  Per- 
petuals.    In  these  three,  we  have  La  France, 


ROSES  IN  GENERAL  CULTIVATION.     59 

which,  with  a  perfume  peculiar  to  itself,  is 
the  sweetest  of  all  roses,  and  equal  to  any  in 
the  profusion  of  bloom;  Cheshunt  Hybrid, 
which  shows  the  Tea  blood  in  its  foliage 
more  than  in  any  other  way ;  what  fragrance 
it  has  is  more  like  that  of  Alfred  Colomb  or 
Prince  Camille  than  like  a  Tea;  it  seldom 
shows  a  flower  after  the  first  of  August ;  and 
Beauty  of  Stapleford,  entirely  without  scent, 
but  with  a  decided  resemblance  to  the  Teas 
in  foliage,  appearance  of  the  flowers,  and 
profusion  of  bloom.  These  roses  must  prove 
more  hardy  than  most  of  the  Teas,  but  more 
susceptible  to  frost  and  of  more  delicate  con- 
stitution than  the  majority  of  the  Hybrid 
Remontants.  Certain  ones  among  them,  as 
La  France,  Duchess  of  Connaught,  and  Vis- 
countess Falmouth,  combine  beautiful  flowers 
with  great  profusion  of  bloom  and  intense 
fragrance ;  such  are  the  kinds  that  give  value 
to  the  class,  and  unless  raisers  can  supply 
new  varieties  in  the  group  which  combine 
these  three  qualities,  they  should  be  with- 
held as  unfit  to  send  out.  Jean  Sisley,  Cap- 
tain Christy,  and  Beauty  of  Stapleford  may 
have  value  now,  while  the  group  is  yet  small, 
but  being  devoid  of  scent  are  not  varieties 
to  pattern  after.  Captain  Christy  occupies  a 
somewhat    equivocal    position  in  this  class, 


6o  THE    ROSE. 


being  seeded  from  a  Hybrid  Perpetual  Rose 
(Victor  Verdier)  fertilized  by  the  Tea  Safra- 
no,  while  all  the  others  are  seeded  from  Tea 
Roses  fertilized  by  Hybrid  Remontants;  but 
it  seems  eminently  proper  that  at  least  all 
direct  crosses  between  the  two  classes,  no 
matter  whether  the  seed  parent  be  Tea  or 
Hybrid  Perpetual,  should  be  grouped  with 
the  Hybrid  Teas.  These  roses  are  all  of 
moderate  growth,  and  must  have  close  prun- 
ing and  be  grown  in  rich  soil.  Most  of  them 
(ten  varieties)  were  sent  out  in  1879  by  Mr. 
Henry  Bennett,  of  Stapleford,  England.  It 
is  not  yet  known  how  desirable  they  will  be 
for  out-of-door  culture,  but  for  forcing  under 
glass  a  few  of  Bennett's  raising  are  proving 
to  be  of  some  value.  They  seem  to  produce 
as  many  flowers  in  the  season  as  do  the 
Bengals,  excelling  many  of  the  Teas  proper 
in  profusion  of  bloom.  Beauty  of  Stapleford 
and  Duchess  of  Westminster  furnish  very 
pretty  rose-colored  buds,  which  are  unfor- 
tunately scentless.  Duchess  of  Connaught, 
at  a  first  glance,  might  readily  be  mistaken 
for  La  France,  having  much  the  same  shade 
of  color,  but  the  flowers  are  somewhat 
smaller  and  of  rounder  form ;  it  is  the  only 
variety  which  resembles  La  France  in  per- 
fume.    Jean  Sisley  does  not  open  well  in  the 


ROSES  IN  GENERAL  CULTIVATION.     61 


house,  and  is  a  scentless  variety  of  rather  a 
muddy  shade  of  color ;  we  do  not  consider  it 
of  value.  Nancy  Lee  is  highly  perfumed 
and  gives  lovely  formed  buds,  but  it  is  of 
very  delicate  habit.  Michael  Saunders  and 
Viscountess  Falmouth  are  two  sorts  of  con- 
siderable substance,  highly  scented,  which 
we  consider  valuable  introductions ;  the  latter 
has  a  delightful  blending  of  the  perfumes  to 
be  found  in  the  parents  President  (Tea)  and 
the  Moss  Soupert-et-Notting,  the  odor  of  the 
Moss  predominating.  Duke  of  Connaught 
and  Hon.  George  Bancroft  are  two  dark  roses, 
which  will  be  more  valuable  to  the  florist,  if 
sufficiently  vigorous,  than  all  the  rest;  the 
former  is  the  deeper  in  shade,  but,  in  spite 
of  its  breeding,  is  without  scent;  the  latter, 
though  of  lighter  color,  is  highly  perfumed; 
both  give  beautiful  buds.  Pearl  is  a  small 
rose  with  a  distinct  Bourbon  fragrance,  a 
good  thing  for  cut  flowers.  The  four  new 
Hybrid  Teas  of  French  origin,  Cannes  La 
Coquette,  Mme.  Alexandre  Bernaix,  Mme. 
Etienne  Levet,  and  Mdlle.  Brigitte  Violet, 
all  promise  to  be  useful  sorts.  This  class  of 
roses,  on  account  of  its  novelty  and  promise 
of  usefulness,  is  now  looked  upon  with  more 
interest  than  any  other,  and  will,  in  a  few 
years,  very  likely  prove    the  most   popular 


62  THE    ROSE. 


class,   excepting   the  Hybrid  Perpetual  and 
Tea. 

The  Perpetual  Moss  Rose  {Rosa  Ce?itifolia 
Muscosa)  has  the  same  characteristics  (and 
needs  the  same  treatment)  as  the  Moss  Rose 
already  described,  but  in  addition  to  the 
June  blossoming  produces  flowers  during  the 
summer  and  autumn.  There  are  but  three 
sorts  which  we  consider  worth  growing. 
Many  worthless  varieties  in  the  class  have 
been  sent  out;  if  the  flowers  were  of  fair 
quality,  they  were  so  seldom  seen  after  the 
month  of  June  as  to  belie  their  name.  Mme. 
Edward  Ory  and  Salet  both  give  mossy  buds 
that  are  not  equal  in  quality  to  other  Mosses, 
but  give  them  at  a  time  of  year  when  the 
others  are  not  to  be  had,  and  are  therefore 
very  useful.  Soupert-et-Notting  is  not  en- 
cumbered with  a  superfluity  of  moss,  if  it  is 
with  a  name,  but  we  have  here  a  large  rose- 
colored  sort,  very  full,  of  fine  form,  and  a 
strong  delightful  perfume  that  may  keep  one 
sniffing  for  a  long  time  before  he  can  go 
away  satisfied.  Our  eyes  may  brighten  at 
the  sight  of  other  autumnal  roses  more  beau- 
tiful than  this,  but  there  are  very  few  sorts 
so  grateful  to  that  other  important  sense — 
smell.  With  oh!  and  with  ah!  and  sundry 
other  relevant  remarks  we  may  gloat  over 


ROSES  IN  GENERAL  CULTIVATION.     63 

this  rose,  as  does  the  street  Arab  inspecting 
the  pies  and  confections  in  the  window  of  a 
pastry-shop. 

The  Tea  Rose  {Rosa  Indica  Odorata)  may- 
well  be  taken  as  a  synonym  for  all  that  is 
delicately  beautiful.  What  refinement  of 
color;  what  subdued,  yet  powerful,  fragrance 
do  they  possess !  They  are  indeed  the  centre 
of  loveliness ;  like  fair  maids  at  a  reception 
surrounded  by  admiring  groups,  these  lend 
beauty  to  the  others,  which  may  well  strive 
to  find  a  near  approach  to  their  sweet  pres- 
ence, that  perchance  they  may  receive  a 
smile,  and  borrow  beauty,  diffused  from  their 
chaste  loveliness.  There  has  always  been  a 
warm  place  in  my  heart  for  the  Tea  Rose, 
for,  sub  rosa,  let  me  confess  it,  this  was  my 
first  love  (I  fear  no  conjugal  jealousy  or 
censure  in  making  this  confession)  ;  a  bed  of 
Tea  Roses  planted  near  my  father's  house 
first  won  me  as  a  devotee  to  the  rose,  and  by 
foliage  and  flower  I  learned  to  distinguish 
varieties  among  them  before  I  even  knew  the 
names  in  other  classes ;  I  should  now  as  soon 
think  of  doing  without  roses  altogether  as 
not  to  have  a  bed  of  Teas  in  my  garden. 

Several  varieties  in  this  group  were 
brought  to  England  from  China,  their  native 
place,  in  the    early    part    of    the    century; 


64  THE    ROSE. 


among  them  were  the  Blush  Tea  and  Yellow 
Tea,  two  varieties  from  which  most  of  the 
sorts  now  in  cultivation  have  descended. 
Both  of  these  kinds  are  free  seed-bearers,  the 
Yellow  Tea  more  particularly ;  it  has  beauti- 
ful buds  of  pale  yellow,  but  the  habit  of  the 
plant  being  unhealthy  it  has  now  nearly  gone 
out  of  cultivation.  The  old  Blush  is  also  no 
longer  named  in  most  catalogues,  but  there 
are  many  rosarians  still  living  who  cherish 
it  in  affectionate  remembrance  and  recollect 
it  as  one  of  the  most  fragrant  in  the  family. 
Most  of  the  varieties  in  this  group  are  very 
sensitive  to  any  neglect,  and  will  show  very 
quickly  whether  they  have  met  with  good  or 
ill  treatment ;  the  soil  can  scarcely  be  made 
too  rich  for  their  reception,  but  it  must  be 
light,  warm,  and  well  drained.  If  the  place 
chosen  consist  of  heavy  clay  soil,  a  foot  or 
more  must  be  dug  out,  carted  away,  and 
filled  up  with  that  which  is  mellow.  As 
most  of  the  varieties  are  of  but  moderate 
growth,  they  require  rather  close  pruning. 
To  protect  them  during  winter,  we  advise 
hilling  up  earth  about  the  plants  and  then 
spreading  over  evergreen  branches  or  loose 
litter.  Care  must  be  exercised  that  the 
plants  be  not  embedded  and  packed  down 
with   a   heavy  mass,    otherwise   decay   and 


ROSES  IN  GENERAL  CULTIVATION.     65 

death  will  ensue ;  some  air  will  needs  be  ad- 
mitted; the  plants  must  be  protected  but  not 
smothered. 

The  Tea  class  is  much  more  uniform  in 
the  characteristics  of  the  different  varieties 
than  are  any  of  the  other  large  groups.  In 
judging  of  their  merits  we  lay  less  stress  on 
fulness  of  flower  than  on  other  claims,  be- 
cause most  of  those  which  have  compara- 
tively few  petals  are  very  beautiful  in  bud, 
and  it  is  for  the  buds  that  Teas  are  largely 
prized.  Thus  Isabella  Sprunt  and  Marie 
Guillot  are  two  roses  highly  prized,  but  one 
of  them  is  only  semi-double,  while  the  other 
has  so  many  petals  that  they  do  not  always 
unfold  satisfactorily.  The  flowers  vary  very 
greatly  in  size  as  well  as  in  fulness,  some  of 
them,  like  Canary,  Caroline,  and  Monsieur 
Furtado,  being  quite  small,  and  others  being 
large,  as  Madame  Bravy,  Souvenir  d'un  Ami, 
etc. 

This  has  now  become  such  a  large  division 
that  it  is  no  easy  matter  to  select  a  num- 
ber of  varieties  for  commendation,  but  those 
named  below  are  among  the  most  beautiful, 
and  also  of  the  most  healthy  habit — a  very  im- 
portant feature  to  be  considered. 

Bon  Silene,  Isabella  Sprunt,  and  Safrano 
5 


66  THE   ROSE. 


are  to  be  chosen  for  their  buds  only;  Mme. 
Falcot,  a  seedling  of  Safrano,  has  fuller 
flowers  of  nearly  the  same  shade,  but  they 
are  not  so  freely  produced  and  the  habit  of 
the  plant  is  more  feeble.  The  following 
are  fine  in  both  bud  and  flower:  Bou- 
gere,  Catherine  Mermet,  Comtesse  Riza  du 
Pare,  Gerard  Desbois,  Homer,  Jean  Ducher, 
Jean  Pernet,  Madame  Bravy,  Madame  de 
Vatry,  Madame  Lambard,  Madame  Welche, 
Marie  Ducher,  Marie  Van  Houtte,  Monsieur 
Furtado,  Niphetos  (a  poor  grower),  Perle  des 
Jardins,  Rubens,  Sombreuil,  Souvenir  d'un 
Ami,  Triomphe  de  Luxembourg.  Among 
these  Niphetos  is  the  only  one  of  bad  growth, 
but  it  is  so  much  the  finest  of  the  white  Teas, 
that  it  should  find  a  place  in  every  collection 
of  any  size.  Full  descriptions  of  all  these 
sorts  will  be  found  elsewhere. 


III. 

TECHNICAL   TERMS. 

HE  rosarian  and  the  hasty  reader 
are  invited  to  pass  by  this  chapter, 
but  if,  unversed  in  rose-lore,  any 
reader  become  interested  in  the 
subject,  there  will  be  found  many  terms, 
mostly  botanical,  which  require  some  ex- 
planation, as  presented  herewith,  and  to 
which  he  may  be  glad  to  refer. 

Anther.  A  rounded  knob  at  the  summit  of 
the  filament;  a  portion  of  the  stamen 
which  contains  the  pollen  or  fecundating 
matter  of  the  flower. 

Armed.     Provided  with  thorns  or  prickles. 
Callus.     A  swelling  which  occurs  at  the  base 

of  a  cutting  previous  to  the  formation  of 

roots. 
Calyx.     An  envelope  which  holds  the  other 

parts  of  the  flower ;  it  consists  of  narrow 

green  leaves  or  sepals  of  a  pithy  texture ; 

these   sepals  generally  cohere  by  their 

edges. 

67 


68  THE    ROSE. 


Corymb.  Flower  stalks  produced  along  a 
common  stalk  which  rise  so  as  to  form  a 
level  top. 

Disbudded.  Deprived  of  flower  buds. 
Flower  buds  are  pinched  or  cut  away,  in 
order  that  those  remaining  will  attain 
greater  perfection. 

Eye.  The  stamen  and  pistils  of  a  flower. 
Sometimes  this  term  is  used  synony- 
mously with  bud. 

Filament.  The  thread-like  part  of  the  sta- 
men which  supports  the  anther. 

Hip  or  Hep.     The  fruit  or  seed  pod. 

Hybrid.  A  cross,  which  is  the  product  of  a 
mixture  of  two  different  species. 

Leaflet.  One  of  the  divisions  of  the  com- 
pound leaf  with  which  all  roses  are  fur- 
nished; these  are  attached  to  the  petiole 
by  minor  foot  stalks. 

Maiden  Plant.  That  which  blooms  for  the 
first  time  after  budding  or  grafting. 

Ovary.  The  hcllow  portion  at  the  base  of 
a  pistil  containing  the  ovules  or  bodies 
destined  to  become  seeds. 

Panicle.     A    cluster    of  flowers    irregularly 


TECHNICAL    TERMS.  69 


produced  from  a  main  stem,  or  peduncles 
variously  divided. 

Peduncle.  The  stalk  upon  which  the  flower 
is  borne. 

Petal.     A  leaf  of  the  flower. 

Petiole.  The  stalk  to  which  are  attached 
the  several  leaflets. 

Pistil.  The  columnar  seed-bearing  organ 
in  the  centre  of  a  flower ;  sometimes  there 
are  several  in  one  flower ;  it  consists  of  one 
or  more  styles,  one  or  more  stigmas  and 
the  ovary. 

Pollen.  The  fecundating  powdery  substance 
found  in  the  anthers. 

Remontant.  As  applied  to  roses  that  which 
flowers  the  second  time.  From  the 
French  verb  to  remount. 

Sepals.     Those  leaves  which  form  the  calyx. 

Sport.  A  shoot  or  sucker  from  a  plant 
which  shows  either  in  foliage,  flower, 
vigor  of  growth,  or  in  all  of  them,  some 
peculiar  feature  or  features,  distinct  from 
the  rest  of  the  plant. 

Stamens.  The  male  organs  of  fructification 
in  a  flower,  surrounding  the  pistil. 


7o  THE    ROSE. 


Stigma.  The  top  portion  of  the  pistil 
which  receives  the  pollen  and  connects 
with  the  ovary  by  a  tube  through  the 
centre  of  the  style. 

Style.  The  erect  column,  sometimes 
several  combined  in  one,  which  connects 
the  stigma  with  the  ovary. 

Sucker.  A  branch  or  root  which  proceeds 
from  the  root,  or  stem  of  the  plant,  just 
below  the  surface. 


IV. 

POSITION   AND    SOIL. 

HE  first  requisite  in  the  culture  of 
roses  is  the  selection  and  prepara- 
tion of  a  suitable  place  for  plant- 
ing. This  is  very  important,  as 
all  that  follows  depends  upon  the  care  used 
in  this  first  step. 

To  begin  with,  then,  choose  the  best  place 
you  have  in  the  garden,  a  place  where  you 
can  offer  sufficient  protection  by  means  of 
hedges  or  board  fences  from  bleak  sweeping 
winds.  When  fences  are  used,  their  general 
ugliness  can  be  most  appropriately  clothed 
by  roses  themselves.  A  warm,  sunny  posi- 
tion is  also  requisite;  if  so  situated  that 
there  is  an  exposure  to  the  morning  sun,  and 
the  hot  rays  during  the  afternoon  are  in  part 
or  wholly  shaded,  all  the  better,  but  a  certain 
amount  of  sunlight  is  as  essential  to  a  rose's 
welfare  as  to  our  own,  though  many  of  us  do 
not  show  our  appreciation  of  the  blessings  of 
sunlight  as  gratefully  as  do  our  roses.     Be- 


72  THE    ROSE. 


sides  scattering  them  through  our  gardens, 
roses  may  be  made  very  effective  planted  in 
borders  about  our  lawns,  either  individually 
or  in  groups,  and  also  planted  in  beds  on  the 
lawn. 

Thoughtlessness  often  leads  people  to  plant 
roses  under  the  shadow  of  overhanging 
buildings,  or  close  to  large  deep-rooted  trees ; 
and  then  there  is  inquiry  and  wonderment 
why  the  plants  are  always  covered  with  mil- 
dew? and  why  they  do  not  blossom  and  grow 
as  those  in  a  neighbor's  yard,  where  there 
are  always  beautiful  roses  to  be  seen?  There 
is  much  more  in  common,  or  should  be,  be- 
tween animal  and  plant  life,  than  is  practi- 
cally acknowledged  by  most  of  those  who 
strive  to  grow  roses.  Both  demand  for  their 
perfect  development  a  sufficiency  of  nourish- 
ing food  and  drink,  a  pure  atmosphere,  a 
temperature  as  equable  as  possible,  and 
thorough  cleanliness.  Let  every  one  who 
plants  roses  bear  this  in  mind  and  we  shall 
find  a  wonderful  improvement  in  the  quality 
and  quantity  of  the  flowers. 

"  Some  having  heard  that  a  free  circulation 
of  air  and  abundance  of  sunshine  are  es- 
sential elements  of  success,  select  a  spot 
which  would  be  excellent  for  a  windmill,  ob- 
servatory,  beacon,   or  Martello   tower;    and 


POSITION  AND    SOIL.  73 

there  the  poor  rose-trees  stand,  or,  more  ac- 
curately speaking,  wobble,  with  their  leaves, 
like  King  Lear's  silver  locks,  rudely  blown 
and  drenched  by  the  to-and-fro  contending 
wind  and  rain. 

"  Others,  who  have  been  told  that  the  rose 
loves  shelter,  peace,  repose,  have  found  'such 
a  dear  snug  little  spot, '  not  only  surrounded 
by  dense  evergreen  shrubs,  but  overshadowed 
by  giant  trees.  Rest  is  there  assuredly — rest 
for  the  rose,  when  its  harassed  life  is  past, 
when  it  has  nothing  more  for  disease  to  prey 
upon,  no  buds  for  the  caterpillar,  no  foliage 
for  the  aphis — the  rest  of  a  mausoleum !  I 
was  taken  not  long  ago  to  a  cemetery  of  this 
description,  which  had  been  recently  laid 
out ;  and  there  was  a  confident  expectation  of 
praise  in  the  pretty  face  of  the  lady  who  took 
me,  that  I  was  sorely  puzzled  how  to  express 
my  feelings.  I  wished  to  be  kind,  I  wished 
to  be  truthful ;  and  the  result  was  some  such 
a  dubious  compliment  as  the  Sultan  paid  to 
the  French  pianist.  The  Frenchman,  you 
may  remember,  was  a  muscular  artist,  more 
remarkable  for  power  than  pathos;  and  he 
went  at  the  instrument  and  shook  and  worried 
it  as  a  terrier  goes  in  at  rats.  His  exertions 
were  sudorific;  and  when  he  finished  the 
struggle,  with  beads  on  his  brow,  the  Sultan 


74  THE    ROSE. 


told  him,  'that,  although  he  had  heard  the 
most  renowned  performers  of  the  age,  he  had 
never  met  one  who — perspired  so  freely!' 
Nor  could  I,  with  my  heart  as  full  of  charity's 
milk  as  a  Cheshire  dairy  of  the  cow's,  think 
of  any  higher  praise  of  the  plot  before  me 
than  that  it  was  an  admirable  place  for  fern ; 
and  therefore,  when  my  commentary  was  re- 
ceived with  an  expressive  smile  of  genteel 
disgust,  as  though  I  had  suggested  that  the 
allotment  in  question  was  the  site  of  all  others 
for  a  jail,  or  had  said,  as  Carlyle  said  of  the 
Royal  Garden  at  Potsdam,  that  'it  was  one 
of  the  finest  fog-preserves  in  Europe, '  then, 
without  further  prevarication,  I  told  the 
truth.  And  the  truth  is,  that  this  boundless 
contiguity  of  shade  is  fatal,  and  every  over- 
hanging tree  is  fatal  as  an  upas-tree  to  the 
rose.  The  rose  in  close  proximity  to  a  forest- 
tree  can  never  hope  to  thrive.  In  a  two-fold 
sense  it  takes  umbrage;  robbed  above  and 
robbed  below,  robbed  by  branches  of  sun- 
shine and  by  roots  of  soil,  it  sickens,  droops, 
and  dies."  * 

In  connection  with  a  choice  of  location, 
we  must  see  that  roses  are  provided  with  a 
proper  soil.  They  will  do  well  in  any  or- 
dinary garden  soil  that  is  free  from  standing 

*  "  A  Book  about  Roses." 


POSITION   AND    SOIL.  75 

water  and  well  drained.  When  there  is  too 
much  clay,  the  soil  can  be  made  sufficiently 
friable  by  the  application  of  wood  and  coal 
ashes,  lime,  burnt  earth,  etc.  When,  on  the 
other  hand,  a  soil  is  sandy  or  too  light,  we 
need  to  bring  clay,  muck,  leaf  mould,  etc., 
to  obtain  sufficient  body.  This  soil  must,  of 
course,  be  thoroughly  manured  and  worked ; 
frequent  spading  will  do  a  great  deal  toward 
lessening  the  stiffness  of  a  heavy  soil.  On 
no  account  attempt  to  make  roses  grow  in  a 
wet  spot ;  if  there  be  such  a  place  which  it 
is  desired  to  use,  let  the  soil  be  thoroughly 
drained  by  sinking  tiles  to  a  depth  of  four 
feet,  or  provide  in  some  other  way  for  carry- 
ing off  the  water.  Where  it  is  impossible  to 
find  a  position  capable  of  being  drained  by 
tiles  from  the  ground  being  too  flat,  the  soil 
may  be  removed  to  a  depth  of  a  few  feet, 
and  stones,  bricks,  debris  of  any  kind,  thrown 
in ;  but  whenever  the  water  can  be  carried  off 
in  tiles  it  is  better  to  do  so. 


V. 

PLANTING   AND   PRUNING. 

OSES  that  have  been  grown  out  of 
pots  should,  if  possible,  be  planted 
while  in  a  dormant  condition ;  for, 
if  removed  for  transplanting  while 
the  sap  is  flowing  freely,  and  the  plant  is  in 
vigorous  growing  condition,  there  occurs 
too  great  a  shock,  one  from  which  the  plant 
does  not  easily  recover.  All  roses,  therefore, 
taken  from  the  open  ground  should  be  planted 
during  the  autumn  or  spring;  the  more 
hardy  kinds,  such  as  the  summer  roses,  most 
of  the  Hybrid  Perpetuals,  and  possibly  some 
of  the  Bourbons,  may  preferably  be  planted 
in  the  autumn ;  the  more  tender  sorts  in  the 
spring.  Plants  that  have  been  propagated 
from  cuttings,  or  layers  (on  own  roots), 
should  be  set,  as  nearly  as  possible,  as  they 
were  grown  in  the  nursery.  Budded  or 
grafted  plants  should  be  set  so  that  the  junc- 
tion of  the  bud  or  graft  is  about  two  inches  be- 
neath the  surface  of  the  soil.     Planted  in  this 

76 


PLANTING  AND  PRUNING.  77 

way  there  is  much  less  liability  of  suckers 
from  the  stock  being  put  forth,  and  oppor- 
tunity is  afforded  for  the  plant  to  put  forth 
roots  from  the  bud  or  graft ;  this  often  takes 
place,  so  that  ultimately  the  plant  is  virtually 
on  its  own  roots.  Roses  that  are  pot-grown 
can  be  planted  at  any  time  from  April  till  Oc- 
tober, but  if  set  out  during  the  heat  of  summer 
special  care  must  be  given  in  watering,  etc. 
Respecting  the  sized  plants  which  should  be 
set  out,  we  earnestly  advise  all  those  who  can 
obtain  them  to  put  out  plants  of  one  or  two 
years'  growth  that  have  made  a  free  but  not 
excessive  growth,  with  well-ripened  wood; 
these  can  be  obtained  at  most  of  the  large 
reliable  nurseries.  Many  florists  do  a  large 
and  exclusive  business  in  sending  by  mail 
small  plants,  cuttings  of  a  few  weeks'  growth ; 
this  is  all  very  well,  to  give  opportunity  to 
many  people  to  obtain  plants,  which  could 
not,  owing  to  the  lack  of  express  or  railroad 
facilities,  be  forwarded  in  any  other  way; 
but  these  bantlings  often  require  much  care 
and  tender  nursing,  and  are  seldom  of  any 
account  until  the  second  year  from  planting, 
for  in  order  to  promote  their  growth  the 
flower  buds  should  be  kept  cut  off  during  the 
first  year — if  allowed  to  produce  any,  they 
are  not  only  not  of  first  quality,  but  enfeeble 


78  THE    ROSE. 

the  plant;  whereas  older  plants,  carefully 
grown,  will  give  effective  results  the  first 
year.  Some  nurserymen  make  a  practice  of 
cutting  away  all  the  flower  buds  from  free 
blooming  varieties,  which  form  on  the  young 
plants  during  the  first  year's  growth;  this 
practice  is  to  be  highly  commended;  such 
plants  are  far  more  valuable  to  the  purchaser 
than  those  not  so  treated.  Quality  should 
always  be  preferred  to  quantity ;  this  is  true 
whether  respecting  the  plants  or  the  flowers  of 
roses,  and  one  good  two-year  plant  is  worth 
more  than  six  of  the  sucklings  often  sent  by 
mail — poor,  weak  infants,  which  never  should 
have  been  sent  from  the  nursery — just  as  one 
good  bloom  of  Marie  Baumann,  or  Alfred 
Colomb,  is  worth  half  a  dozen  of  Pius  the  IX. 
or  Triomphe  de  l'Exposition. 

Care  must  be  exercised  that  the  soil  about 
the  plant  be  well  pulverized  and  no  hard 
lumps  allowed  to  remain  in  contact  with  the 
roots;  after  the  plants  are  set  out,  be  sure 
that  they  are  fir?nly  pressed  in  with  the  feet 
or  hands;  plants  that  are  loosely  stuck  in  the 
ground  can  never  do  well.  Another  prom- 
inent thing  to  bear  in  mind  is :  never  allow 
the  plants  to  lie  exposed  to  the  wind  and 
sun,  keep  them  covered  until  ready  to  plant. 
The  distance  apart  is  somewhat  regulated  by 


PLANTING  AND  PRUNING.  79 

the  vigor  of  growth ;  the  strongest  growers 
should  be  put  about  three  feet  apart;  for 
those  of  weaker  habit,  one  or  two  feet  would 
suffice.  In  planting  beds,  if  of  more  than 
one  variety,  the  strongest  sort  should  be  in 
the  centre  and  those  of  the  weakest  habit  on 
the  outside.  It  is  almost  unnecessary  to  say, 
that  no  planting  should  be  attempted  if  the 
ground  be  very  wet,  or  very  dry,  as  during  a 
summer  drought ;  and  that  very  late  in  the 
season,  whether  autumn  or  spring,  is  not  a 
good  time  to  set  out  roses;  few  things  suffer 
so  much  from  late  spring  planting  as  do 
roses;  if  the  buds  have  pushed  forth,  it  is 
generally  time  and  money  thrown  away  to 
set  out  plants,  other  than  those  pot-grown. 
The  reason  pot-grown  plants  can  be  used 
after  the  others  is  that  the  soil  in  which  they 
are  grown  can  be  retained  when  the  roses  are 
removed  from  the  pots,  and  the  plants  con- 
tinue to  grow  without  check.  Pot-grown 
roses  must  not  be  immediately  exposed  to  the 
rays  of  a  hot  sun ;  if  planted  out  they  should 
receive  some  shade  for  a  few  days,  and  be 
carefully  watered.  Water  must  not  be  ap- 
plied during  the  heat  of  the  day,  but  in  the 
morning  or  evening. 

The  pruning  of  roses  is  one  of  the  most 
important  features  connected  with  their  cul- 


8o  THE    ROSE. 


ture,  but  no  directions  that  can  be  given  will 
prevent  some  mistakes  from  being  made.  It 
is  practical  experience  alone  that  will  enable 
one  to  determine  just  what  is  to  be  done  in 
each  individual  case,  and  just  how  to  do  it; 
but  the  general  principles  that  should  govern 
can  be  easily  stated  and  comprehended.  I 
would  recommend  the  operator  to  procure 
what  is  known  as  a  pruning-knife,  having  a 
hooked  blade,  and  also  a  secateur,  or  pair  of 
pruning-shears ;  the  latter  is  better  for  cutting 
away  shoots  from  the  centre  of  a  bushy  plant 
and  is  the  quickest  and  most  easy  to  handle, 
but  where  a  very  smooth  cut  is  desired,  the 
pruning-knife  will  be  found  most  effective; 
it  is  also  less  likely  to  bruise  the  bark.  All 
roses  that  come  from  the  open  ground  should 
be  pruned  before  planting  or  immediately 
after.  Many  persons  who  are  careless,  or  not 
informed,  set  out  the  plants  just  as  they 
come  from  the  nurseries ;  under  such  circum- 
stances the  plants  cannot  thrive,  the  sap  has 
too  many  buds  to  nourish  and  a  weak  growth 
ensues.  The  shock  from  transplanting  must 
be  met  by  a  shortening  of  both  shoots  and 
roots ;  the  shoots  being  shortened  the  number 
of  buds  to  draw  upon  the  sap  is  reduced  and 
a  more  vigorous  growth  follows.  Not  only 
should  all  bruised  roots  be  pruned,  cutting 


PLANTING  AND  PRUNING.  6 1 

away  to  the  sound  part,  but  also  all  those 
large  ones  that  are  uninjured,  for  by  this 
they  are  induced  to  put  forth  small  roots  of 
fibrous  nature,  which  are  of  great  assistance 
in  promoting  health  and  vigor  of  plant. 

The  cut  made  in  pruning  should  be  as 
nearly  horizontal  as  possible,  so  that  there 
shall  be  but  a  slight  exposure  of  wounded 
surface ;  it  is  generally  preferable  to  cut  from 
the  inside,  and  to  see  that  the  top  bud  which 
is  left  points  outward.  If  the  plants  bleed 
after  the  operation  the  surface  of  the  cut 
should  be  smeared  over  with  wax  or  other 
substance ;  often  a  coating  of  mud  will  answer. 
Roses  are  pruned  both  early  in  the  spring 
and  in  the  autumn;  we  prefer  the  former 
season,  but  when  done  then,  care  must  be 
had  not  to  put  it  off  too  late,  for  if  not  at- 
tended to  early,  the  sap  will  have  pushed 
toward  the  upper  buds,  and  when  pruned 
there  will  be  bleeding  or  exuding  of  the  sap. 
The  pruning  should  therefore  take  place 
while  the  plants  are  dormant,  and  before  the 
sap  begins  to  flow.  The  chief  objects  to  be 
held  in  view  in  pruning  are  the  formation 
of  a  symmetrical  plant,  and  to  promote  the 
formation  of  bloom  buds.  To  secure  these 
the  following  general  rule  must  be  observed : 
Pla?its  of  delicate  habit  and  weak  growth  re- 
6 


82  THE    ROSE. 


quire  severe  pruning;  those  that  are  vigorous 
in  growth  should  have  the  shoots  only  moder- 
ately sho?'tened,  but  the  branches  well  thinned 
out.  If  varieties  of  vigorous  habit  are  closely 
pruned,  a  great  growth  ensues  and  very  few 
flowers ;  hence  it  is  of  the  utmost  importance 
to  know  the  character  of  the  variety  that  is 
to  be  operated  on.  Besides  pruning  the 
plants  in  March,  a  summer  pruning  is  desir- 
able with  many  varieties  of  Hybrid  Perpet- 
uals,  so  soon  as  the  June  blossoming  is  over, 
in  order  to  induce  the  formation  of  flower 
buds  later  in  the  season, 


VI. 

MANURES. 

E  trust  that  impatient  readers  will 
not  pass  by  this  chapter  with 
turned-up  nose  and  a  sniff  of  dis- 
dain, for  the  subject  is  an  impor- 
tant, albeit  an  unpleasant  one,  to  handle. 
We  shall  make  it  short,  if  not  sweet. 

Manure,  if  new,  should  never  be  applied 
so  as  to  come  in  contact  with  the  roots,  but 
may  be  spread  on  the  surface  of  the  earth  as 
a  mulch ;  this  is  often  done  with  advantage 
in  the  autumn,  digging  it  in  in  the  following 
spring.  Manure  which  is  to  be  dug  in  about 
the  plants  must  be  decomposed,  and  may  be 
advantageously  mixed  with  a  compost  of 
good  turfy  loam  and  spent  hops ;  all  animal 
manure  is  useful  for  roses,  particularly 
droppings  of  the  cow,  pig,  and  sheep;  these 
mixed  with  a  compost  as  named  form  the 
best  fertilizers  that  can  be  used.  Besides 
these,  the  cleanings  from  the  poultry  house, 
night  soil,  soot,  bone-dust,  and   guano  will 

83 


THE    ROSE. 


all  be  found  excellent,  but  nothing  I  believe 
is  better  than  a  mixture — one-third  each — 
of  cow-dung,  rotted  hops,  and  turfy  loam. 
Horse-dung  is  much  better  for  heavy  soils 
than  for  light,  and  cow-manure  does  not  do 
so  well  for  soils  inclining  to  be  wet.  In  the 
hot,  dry  weather,  which  we  often  have  in 
summer,  a  good  watering  of  liquid  manure 
will  be  of  very  great  benefit  to  the  plants, 
more  especially  during  the  time  of  the  forma- 
tion of  flower  buds.  "  The  happy  rosarian 
who  has  a  farm-yard  of  his  own  will,  of 
course,  have  a  large  covered  tank  therein, 
for  the  reception  and  preservation  of  liquid 
manure.  At  all  times,  of  drought  especially, 
this  will  be  more  precious  as  a  restorative  and 
tonic  to  his  roses  than  the  waters  of  Kis- 
singen,  Vichy,  or  Harrogate  to  his  invalid 
fellow-men.  Only  let  him  remember  this 
rule  of  application — weak  and  oft  rather  than 
strong  and  seldom.  I  bought  my  own  ex- 
perience by  destroying  with  too  potent  pota- 
tions— forgetting  that  infants  don't  drink 
brandy  neat — the  delicate  fibrous  rootlets  of 
some  beautiful  rose-trees  on  the  Manetti 
stock."*  Night  soil  would  be  found  a  most 
valuable  manure,  if  people  would  only 
rightly  prepare  and  use  it,  but  each  rosarian 

*  S.  R.  Hole. 


MANURES.  85 


points  to  the  other  and  wonders  why  no  one 
is  found  to  make  use  of  this  valuable  com- 
modity which   now   goes   to   waste,  but  no 
one  takes  hold.     "  The  Romans  reverenced 
Cloacina,   the   goddess   of    the   sewers,   and 
the  statue  which  they  found  of  her  in  the 
great  drains  of  Tarquinius  was  beautiful  as 
Venus's  self;   but  they  honored  her,  doubt- 
less,  only  as  a  wise  sanitary  commissioner 
who  removed  their  impurities,  and,  so  doing, 
brought  health  to  their  heroes  and  loveliness 
to  their  maidens.     They  only  knew  half  her 
merits ;   but  in  Olympus,  we  may  readily  be- 
lieve,   there   was   fuller  justice   done.      Al- 
though weaker  goddesses  may  have  been  un- 
kind— may  have  averted  their  divine  noses 
when  Cloacina  passed,  and  made  ostentatious 
use  of  scent-bottle  and  pocket-handkerchief 
—Flora,  and  Pomona,  and  Ceres  would  ever 
admire  her  virtues,  and  beseech  her  benign 
influence  upon  the  garden,  the  orchard,  and 
the  farm.     But  the  terrestrials  never  thought 
thaXfcex  urbis  might  be  lux  or  bis,  and  they 
polluted  their  rivers,  as  we  ours,  with  that 
which    should    have  fertilized    their  lands. 
And  we  blame  the  Romans  very  much  in- 
deed;   and  we  blame  everybody    else  very 
much  indeed ;    and  we  do  hope  the  time  will 
soon  be  here  when  such  a  sinful  waste  will 


86  THE    ROSE. 

no  longer  disgrace  an  enlightened  age ;  but 
beyond  the  contribution  of  this  occasional 
homily,  it  is,  of  course,  no  affair  of  ours. 
Each  man  assures  his  neighbor  that  the  pro- 
cess of  desiccation  is  quite  easy,  and  the  art 
of  deodorizing  almost  nice  ;  but  nobody  'goes 
in. '  The  reader,  I  have  no  doubt,  has  with 
me  had  large  experience  of  this  perversity  in 
neighbors,  and  ofttimes  has  been  perplexed 
and  pained  by  their  dogged  strange  reluc- 
tance to  follow  the  very  best  advice.  There 
was  at  Cambridge,  some  thirty  years  ago,  an 
insolent,  foul-mouthed,  pugnacious  sweep, 
who  escaped  for  two  terms  the  sublime  lick- 
ing which  he  'annexed'  finally,  because  no 
one  liked  to  tackle  the  soot.  There  were 
scores  of  undergraduates  to  whom  pugilism 
was  a  thing  of  beauty  and  a  joy  forever,  who 
had  the  power  and  the  desire  to  punish  his 
impudence,  but  they  thought  of  the  close 
wrestle— they  reflected  -  on  the  'hug,'  and 
left  him.  To  drop  metaphor,  there  is  no 
more  valuable  manure;  but  it  is,  from  cir- 
cumstances which  require  no  explanation, 
more  suitable  for  the  farm  than  the  garden, 
especially  as  we  have  a  substitute  [farm-yard 
manure]  quite  as  efficacious,  and  far  more 
convenient  and  agreeable  in  use."  * 

*  "A  Book  about  Roses,"  S.  Reynolds  Hole. 


VII. 

INSECTS    AND    DISEASES. 

O  one  can  be  more  profoundly  im- 
pressed with  the  curse  entailed  on 
Adam  and  his  descendants  than 
the    reverent    rosarian;    for    all 
things  hostile  and  bad,   animate  and  inani- 
mate, seem  to  combine  in  greater  degree  to 
prevent  the  successful  cultivation  of  the  rose 
than    any   other   well-known   flower.      Few 
things,   for  example,  can  be  more    effective 
in    their    season     than    a    massive    bed    of 
peonies;    they  have   all   the   shades  of  the 
rose,   are  more  hardy,  and  know  nothing  of 
mildew  or  the  ravages  of  insect  enemies ;  but 
they  are  almost  entirely  neglected— very  un- 
justly   too— that    proper    attention  may  be 
given  to  our  roses,  which  need  constant  care 
and  attention  to  make  their  culture  profitable. 
The  price  to  be  paid  for  beautiful  roses  is 
eternal  vigilance  inspired  by  reverent^  love. 
"  He  who  would  have  beautiful  roses  in  his 
garden  must  have  beautiful  roses  in  his  heart. 

87 


88  THE    ROSE. 


He  must  love  them  well  and  always."  A 
genuine  lover  of  roses  is  not  discouraged  by 
the  knowledge  of  the  difficulties  that  attend 
the  culture  of  his  favorites,  the  rather  is  he 
incited  to  succeed  in  spite  of  all  obstacles 
and  drawbacks,  knowing  that  as  faint  heart 
never  won  fair  lady,  he  cannot  expect  the 
smiles  of  Marie  Baumann,  or  Marie  Van 
Houtte,  unless  he  thoroughly  cultivate  the 
acquaintance  of  these  beauties,  and  wait 
upon  them  with  more  attention  and  deeper 
concern  than  would  the  gallant  of  the  ball- 
room upon  the  attendant  belles. 

The  following  are  the  chief  foes  with  which 
the  rose  has  to  contend : 

The  Aphis  (Aphis  Rostz),  or  Green  Fly,  is 
well  known  by  all  who  have  grown  roses.  It 
is  a  small  green  louse,  about  one-eighth  inch 
in  length  when  fully  grown,  usually  wing- 
less. Their  bodies  are  oval  and  soft,  they 
secrete  a  sweet  fluid,  of  which  ants  are  very 
fond.  The  presence  of  ants  on  roses  is  good 
evidence,  did  we  require  it,  that  the  aphis  is 
at  work.  They  are  very  prolific  in  breeding ; 
Reaumur  estimates  that  one  individual  in 
five  generations  may  become  the  progenitor 
of  nearly  six  thousand  millions  of  descend- 
ants. Through  their  slender  beak  they  suck 
the  juices  of  the  plant,  always  working  at  the 


INSECTS   AND    DISEASES.  89 

tender  shoots,  and  in  a  short  time  will,  if  un- 
molested, destroy  the  vigor  or  vitality  of  any 
rose  they  infest.  Much  the  best  destructive 
agent  to  use  against  them  is  tobacco  smoke ; 
when  this  cannot  be  applied,  a  liquid  solu- 
tion, made  from  tobacco  stems  or  leaves,  or 
from  quassia,  will  be  found  an  efficient 
method  of  working  their  destruction.  Take 
four  ounces  of  quassia  chips,  or  tobacco  stems, 
and  boil  them  about  ten  minutes  in  a  gallon 
of  soft  water;  strain  off  the  chips,  and  add 
four  ounces  of  soft  soap,  which  should  be 
dissolved  in  it  as  it  cools,  stirring  well  before 
using.  It  may  be  applied  by  dipping  a  whisk 
broom  in  the  mixture  and  sprinkling  all 
shoots  that  are  infested.  Whale-oil  soap, 
dissolved  in  water,  is  also  a  useful  remedy. 
Mildew. — This  is  a  fungous  disease  often 
caused  by  great  and  sudden  atmospheric 
changes,  and  by  a  long  continuance  of  damp, 
cloudy  weather.  The  best  proved  remedies 
are  sulphur  and  soot ;  one  of  these  should  be 
applied  the  moment  the  disease  makes  its  ap- 
pearance ;  the  plants  should  be  sprinkled 
with  water  so  that  the  substance  applied  will 
adhere,  or  else  let  it  be  put  on  early  in  the 
morning  while  the  dew  is  yet  on  the  plants. 
Some  localities  are  much  more  subject  to 
visitations  of  this  disease  than  ethers,  and  in 


go 


THE   ROSE. 


such  places  care  should  be  taken  not  to  plant 
varieties  that  are  known  to  be  specially 
liable  to  mildew.  As  it  is  contagious, 
spreading  from  one  plant  to  another,  we 
should  advise  the  destruction  of  such  sorts 
as  belong  to  the  Giant  of  Battles  type  (see 
chapter  on  Typical  Roses) ;  better  it  is  to 
sacrifice  a  few  kinds  than  that  all  should  be 
disfigured  with  this  annoying  fungus.  Gen- 
erally mildew  makes  its  appearance  in  the 
autumn,  when  the  nights  grow  cool ;  at  this 
season  it  works  but  little  harm  and  may  be 
disregarded,  since  the  plants  have  made  their 
growth  and  the  wood  is  nearly,  or  quite,  ripe. 
The  Red  Spider  is  a  most  destructive 
little  insect,  which  generally  commits  its 
ravages  in  the  greenhouse ;  they  only  make 
their  appearance  when  favored  by  a  hot,  dry 
atmosphere.  These  insects  are  very  small, 
scarcely  distinguishable  by  the  eye,  if  iso- 
lated; they  are  of  a  dark,  reddish-brown 
color,  found  on  the  under  sides  of  the  leaves. 
They  cause  the  foliage  to  assume  a  yellow 
tinge,  and  will  soon  make  sickly  the  plant 
they  infest.  A  few  applications  of  whale-oil 
soap  dissolved  in  warm  soft  water  will  often 
destroy  them;  this  can  be  applied  with  a 
syringe,  taking  care  to  throw  the  water  up- 
ward to  reach  the  leaves  affected,  late  in  the 


INSECTS  AND    DISEASES.  91 


afternoon,  and  then  washed  off  with  pure 
water  the  following  morning.  This  insect 
does  not  attack  plants  that  are  syringed  with 
water  daily,  and  all  plants  grown  tinder  glass, 
not  in  flower,  should  be  sprayed  regularly. 
When  a  house  that  has  been  infested  with 
Red  Spider  can  be  emptied  of  the  plants,  it 
is  well  to  burn  sulphur  on  charcoal  embers ; 
the  fumes  from  the  sulphur  are  fatal  to 
nearly  all  insect  life,  and  a  house  can  by  this 
means  be  soon  freed  from  this  insect;  as 
burning  sulphur  is  also  destructive  to  plant 
life,  this  process  can  only  be  used  in  emptied 
houses,  unless  only  a  slight  quantity  be  used 
at  a  time. 

Rose  Hopper,  or  Thrips  {Tettigonia  Rosa, 
of  Harris).— This  is  perhaps  the  most  trouble- 
some pest  with  which  the  rose  is  afflicted  in 
the  open  air.  It  is  a  small,  yellowish-white 
insect,  about  three-twentieths  of  an  inch 
long,  with  transparent  wings.  Like  the  Red 
Spider,  they  prey  upon  the  leaves,  work- 
ing on  the  under  side ;  they  seem  to  go  in 
swarms  and  are  very  destructive  to  the  plant, 
soon  causing  the  foliage  to  assume  a  sickly, 
yellow  appearance.  As  they  jump  and  fly 
from  one  place  to  another,  their  destruction 
is  less  easy  to  accomplish  than  is  the  case 
with  other  enemies.     We  have  found  syring- 


92  THE    ROSE. 


ing  the  plants  with  pure  water,  so  as  to  wet 
the  lower  side  of  the  leaves,  and  then  dust- 
ing on  powdered  white  hellebore,  will  de- 
stroy or  disperse  them.  Another  remedy, 
nearly  or  quite  as  good,  is  a  solution  of 
whale-oil  soap,  which  must  also  be  applied  so 
as  to  reach  the  leaves  from  beneath. 

Rose  Caterpillar,  or  Leaf-Roller. — 
There  are  several  kinds  of  caterpillars,  be- 
longing to  an  order  called  Lepidoptera,  which 
prey  upon  the  rose.  They  are  the  young  of 
moths  or  butterflies,  varying  from  one-half 
inch  to  three-fourths  inch  in  length ;  some  of 
these  are  green  and  yellow,  others  brown; 
they  all  envelop  themselves  in  the  leaves  or 
burrow  in  the  flower  buds.  Powdered  helle- 
bore sprinkled  over  the  plants  will  prevent 
in  a  large  measure  their  moving  over  the 
plants,  but  the  only  method  of  killing  them, 
which  is  really  effectual,  is  by  crushing  be- 
tween finger  and  thumb.  This  crushing  pro- 
cess may  not  be  considered  an  agreeable 
pastime,  but  it  must  be  done,  and  fastidious 
people  can  either  delegate  the  work  to  others, 
or  go  armed,  not  cap  a  pie,  but  with  gloved 
hands,  and  perform  the  work  themselves.  It 
is  time  to  look  out  for  these  marauders  when 
the  buds  are  formed  and  begin  to  show  signs 
of  plumpness. 


INSECTS  AND    DISEASES.  93 

Rose  Chafer,  or  Rose  Bug. — This  (the 
Melolontha  subsfiinosa,  of  Fabricius)  is  a  brown 
beetle,  a  little  less  than  one-half  inch  in 
length,  which  comes  from  the  ground  about 
the  second  week  in  June,  or  when  the  Damask 
Rose  is  in  blossom.  Many  localities  are 
never  troubled  with  this  pest;  where  it  does 
appear,  it  is  never  alone,  but  in  swarms ;  the 
insects  attack  the  flowers  in  preference  to  the 
foliage,  and  seem  to  be  more  fond  of  white 
and  light-colored  flowers  than  of  those  which 
are  dark.  In  a  very  short  time  they  entirely 
disfigure  and  greatly  injure  the  plant  which 
the}7-  attack;  an  application  of  Paris  green 
dusted  over  the  plants  is  very  destructive  to 
them,  but  being  so  dangerous  a  poison,  we 
recommend  hand-picking  and  burning  of  the 
bugs  in  preference.  The  application  of 
tobacco-water,  whale-oil  soap,  etc.,  is  use- 
less, for  in  order  to  have  any  effect  upon 
the  bugs  the  solution  would  have  to  be  made 
so  strong  that  it  would  work  injury  to  the 
plants. 

Rose  Slug. — These  slugs  are  the  larva  of 
a  saw-fly,  called  by  Harris  Telandria  Rosa, 
an  insect  about  the  size  of  a  common  house- 
fly, which  comes  out  of  the  ground  during 
May  and  June.  The  female  flies  puncture 
the  leaves  in  different  places,  depositing  their 


94  THE  ROSE. 


eggs  in  each  incision  made;  these  eggs 
hatch  in  twelve  or  fifteen  days  after  they  are 
laid.  The  slugs  at  once  commence  to  eat  the 
leaves,  and  soon  make  great  inroads  upon  the 
foliage,  if  not  checked.  They  are  about  one- 
half  inch  long  when  fully  grown,  of  a  green 
color,  and  feed  upon  the  upper  portion  of  the 
foliage.  The  best  remedies  are  powdered 
white  hellebore,  or  a  solution  of  whale-oil 
soap. 

White  Grub. — These  grubs  are  the  young 
of  those  buzzing,  sticky  abominations  known 
as  May-bugs.  The  beetles  are  thus  described 
by  Harris:  "During  the  month  of  May, 
they  come  forth  from  the  ground,  whence 
they  have  received  the  name  of  May-bugs  or 
May-beetles.  They  pass  the  greater  part 
of  the  day  upon  trees,  clinging  to  the  under 
sides  of  the  leaves  in  a  state  of  repose.  As 
soon  as  evening  approaches,  they  begin  to 
buzz  about  among  the  branches,  and  con- 
tinue on  the  wing  till  toward  midnight.  In 
their  droning  flight  they  move  very  irregu- 
larly, darting  hither  and  thither  with  an  un- 
certain aim,  hitting  against  objects  in  their 
way  with  a  force  that  often  causes  them  to  fall 
to  the  ground.  They  frequently  enter  houses 
in  the  night,  apparently  attracted  as  well  as 
dazzled  and  bewildered  by  the  lights.     Their 


INSECTS   AND    DISEASES.  95 

vagaries,  in  which,  without  having  the  power 
to  harm,  they  seem  to  threaten  an  attack, 
have  caused  them  to  be  called  dors,  that  is, 
darers;  while  their  seeming  blindness  and 
stupidity  have  become  proverbial  in  the  ex- 
pressions 'blind  as  a  beetle'  and  'beetle- 
headed.'  After  the  sexes  have  paired  the 
males  perish,  and  the  females  enter  the  earth 
to  the  depth  of  six  inches  or  more,  making 
their  way  by  means  of  the  strong  teeth  which 
arm  the  forelegs;  here  they  deposit  their 
eggs.  .  .  .  From  the  eggs  are  hatched,  in 
the  space  of  fourteen  days,  little  whitish 
grubs,  each  provided  with  six  legs  near  the 
head,  and  a  mouth  furnished  with  strong 
jaws.  When  in  a  state  of  rest,  these  grubs 
usually  curl  themselves  in  the  shape  of  a 
crescent."  These  annoying  pests  live  in  the 
earth  for  three  years,  feeding  on  the  roots  of 
roses  and  other  plants,  and  give  no  sign  of 
their  presence  till  the  plant  on  which  they 
feed  commences  to  wither  or  turn  sickly. 
So  soon  as  evidence  is  given  of  their  ravages, 
the  plant  should  at  once  be  dug  around  and 
search  made  for  the  grub,  that  his  destruction 
may  save  other  plants  from  death.  The  grub 
is  more  fond  of  the  roots  of  strawberries  than 
of  any  other  food,  and  if  these  berries  are 
grown  alongside  of   roses  a  careful  lookout 


96  THE    ROSE. 

must  be  had.  It  is  a  fortunate  thing  that  the 
grub  does  not  confine  himself  to  a  rose-diet, 
else  would  the  culture  of  our  favorite  flower 
often  be  conducted  with  more  plague  than 
pleasure  or  profit. 

There  are  other  insect  enemies  of  the  rose 
besides  those  we  have  named,  but  they 
seldom  do  any  great  damage,  and  we  think 
our  readers  are  ready  to  cry,  enough  of  bugs. 
We  have  given  a  list  of  remedies  for  con- 
trolling the  ravages  of  the  various  pests 
which  worry  the  rose,  but  it  is  with  our  roses 
as  with  ourselves,  prevention  is  always  better 
than  cure.  A  pure  atmosphere,  cleanliness, 
by  the  free  use  of  water,  etc.,  healthy  food, 
not  necessarily  that  which  is  most  nutritious, 
but  that  which  can  with  certainty  be  assimi- 
lated or  digested,  are  requirements  common 
to  our  own  lives  and  those  of  our  roses,  if 
they  are  to  be  healthy  ones.  A  watchful 
care,  with  systematic  attention  to  watering, 
syringing,  etc.,  will  often  keep  away  insect 
enemies  that  would  otherwise  surely  come  to 
torment  us.  Many  gardens  in  the  suburbs  of 
cities  are  supplied  with  water  conducted 
from  the  mains  of  the  water  works  in  pipes ; 
those  who  have  such  a  supply  of  water  in 
their  grounds  will  find  it  an  easy  matter  fre- 
quently to  spray  all    the  plants    both  from 


INSECTS   AND    DISEASES.  97 


beneath  and  above.  The  frequent  and  vig- 
orous application  of  water  is  as  hateful  to  the 
insects  described  as  it  is  to  fighting  cats,  and 
every  one  who  grows  roses  (or  cats)  should  be 
provided  with  that  most  useful  instrument  the 
garden  syringe ;  it  is  a  most  valuable  weapon 
of  defence  or  of  offence,  whether  used  in 
keeping  off  the  Rose  Hopper  or  in  dispersing 
the  caterwauling  midnight  marauders  that 
may  come  within  range. 

There  are  some  insects  which  entomologists 
claim  to  be  useful,  as  destroying  those  which 
are  noxious ;  such  are  the  larvae  of  the  gar- 
den beetle,  rose  beetle,  ladybird  and  others, 
which  feed  upon  aphides  and  caterpillars.     I 
know  nothing  of  the  truth  of  this  from  per- 
sonal observation,  and  do  not  see  how  their 
aid  can  be   considered  of  any  great  value, 
since  the  solutions,  etc.,  which  are  necessary 
to  apply  when   noxious  insects  make    their 
appearance,   would  be  pretty  certain  to  de- 
stroy friend  and    foe    alike.     I    have    much 
more  confidence  in  the  help  to  be  obtained 
from    the    despised  toad,    and  some   of  the 
birds,   especially  the  ground-bird  and  spar- 
row ;  the  toad  will  devour  many  of  the  worms 
and  caterpillars,   the  birds  will  destroy  not 
only  these,  but  also  the  insects  which  infest 
the  plants.     The  aid  of  the  birds  might  be 
7 


98  THE    ROSE. 


enlisted  by  daily  scattering  a  few  crumbs 
among  the  plants;  when  they  have  consumed 
the  crumbs  they  will  naturally  turn  their 
attention  to  the  insects  at  hand,  and  thus 
repay  their  benefactors. 


VIII. 

PROPAGATION. 

HERE  are  four  methods  used  in 
propagating  roses — by  cuttings, 
by  budding,  by  grafting,  by  layer- 
ing; in  importance  they  rank  in 
the  order  named,  and  in  this  order  we  will 
briefly  consider  them. 

Although  the  principles  which  govern  the 
art  of  propagation  are  the  same  the  world 
over,  it  will  be  found  that  rosarians  differ 
widely  in  working  out  details ;  thus,  in  the 
production  of  roses  from  cuttings,  we,  in 
America,  are  as  much  more  successful  than 
our  European  brethren  as  they  excel  us  in 
the  production  of  budded  and  grafted  plants. 
By  Cuttings. — There  is  no  doubt  but 
that  plants  grown  from  cuttings  are  the  most 
useful  for  general  purposes,  and  the  greater 
number  of  our  choice  varieties  can  be  grown 
in  this  way  without  difficulty ;  but  there  are 
some  beautiful  kinds,  like  Baroness  Roths- 
child, which  root  with  great  difficulty ;  these 

99 


ioo  THE    ROSE, 

sorts  can  only  be  profitably  grown  by  bud- 
ding or  grafting.  Cuttings  can  be  made  at 
any  time  of  the  year.  The  old  ideas  that  the 
wood  must  be  cut  at  a  joint  or  with  a  heel, 
and  that  it  is  essential  they  should  be  placed 
in  bottom  heat,  have  been  thoroughly  ex- 
ploded. The  most  successful  propagation 
made  by  cuttings,  for  the  largest  number  of 
kinds,  is  made  during  the  late  winter  months 
from  strong  plants  one  or  two  years  old  that 
have  been  grown  in  open  ground,  potted  in 
the  month  of  November;  or  from  plants 
which  have  been  grown  in  pots  for  one  }'-ear, 
or  planted  out  under  glass.  Cuttings  of  all 
kinds  which  root  freely,  like  General  Jacque- 
minot, Victor  Verdier,  etc.,  can  be  made 
from  one  eye  only,  and  cut  between  the 
joints  just  as  well  as  after  the  old  fashion  of 
cutting  to  a  heel,  and  with  three  or  more 
eyes — an  unnecessary  and  wasteful  process. 
All  of  the  large  commercial  establishments 
in  this  country  do  most  of  their  rose  propa- 
gation in  the  months  of  January,  February, 
and  March ;  the  cuttings  are  made  to  one  eye 
and  dibbled  in  beds  of  sand,  or  in  some  cases 
are  placed  in  pots  of  sand  and  these  pots 
plunged  in  beds  of  sand;  underneath  the 
staging  which  supports  the  cuttings  run  hot- 
water  pipes  or  flues;   these  are  commonly 


PROPAGATION.  101 

boarded-in  to  secure  bottom  heat,  and  this  I 
believe  to  be  the  best  method.     Some  rose 
growers  make  no   attempt  at  confining   the 
pipes  or  flues,  and  produce  excellent  plants 
without  resorting  to  bottom  heat,  but  it  is  a 
slower  process,   and  there  is  a  greater  per- 
centage of  cuttings  which  fail  to  root.     Ad- 
vocates of  this  system  claim  that  they  secure 
healthier,    stronger  plants   in  the  end  than 
they   would   by   the    use    of    bottom    heat. 
There  is  no  doubt  that  plants  propagated  in 
a  closely  confined  house  in  a  high  tempera- 
ture are  apt  to  turnout  of  weak  constitution, 
but  we  believe  the  best  results  follow  where 
plants  are  propagated  in  a  bed  at  a  tempera- 
ture of  about  70  degrees,  with  the  tempera- 
ture of  the  house  a  few  degrees  less.     How- 
ever, these  matters  concern  nurserymen  and 
florists   more  than   amateurs,  for  this   class 
does  not  care  to  put  in  operation  anything 
that  requires  much  expense.     When  but  few 
cuttings  are  desired  they  can  be  placed  in 
pots  and  will  take  root  in  four  or  five  weeks 
after  insertion,   grown  in  any  ordinary  con- 
servatory or  greenhouse.     After  the  cuttings 
have  taken  root  they  should  be  potted  in  pots 
not  exceeding  two  and  a  half  inches  in  diame- 
ter.    Certain  kinds  of  roses  take  root  with- 
out difficulty,  others  are  so  stubborn  that  the 


102  THE  ROSE. 


amateur  would  do  well  not  to  attempt  their 
propagation  until  he  has  proved  himself 
an  adept  in  rose  culture.  The  sorts  most 
difficult  to  root  are  the  various  varieties  of 
Moss,  most  of  the  summer  roses,  and  certain 
varieties  of  Hybrid  Remontants,  belonging 
to  the  Jules  Margottin,  Baronne  Prevost,  and 
Baroness  Rothschild  families.  (See  chapter 
on  Typical  Roses.)  All  of  the  Tea  and 
Monthly  Roses,  with  very  few  exceptions, 
root  and  grow  freely  from  cuttings. 

Besides  using  green  wood,  some  propaga- 
tors make  cuttings  from  hard  wood — that  is, 
shoots  thoroughly  ripened,  taken  in  the  au- 
tumn. Manetti  cuttings  are  always  made 
from  wood  taken  in  autumn,  and  the  various 
varieties  of  Prairie  Roses  are  often  grown  in 
this  way.  In  some  establishments  large  quan- 
tities of  cuttings  are  made  during  the  sum- 
mer months  and  grown  in  hotbeds ;  the  plants 
produced  are  salable  in  the  autumn  and  are 
largely  used  by  florists.  In  selecting  stock 
plants  from  which  to  propagate,  care  should 
be  had  that  only  those  be  chosen  which  are 
vigorous  and  healthy,  otherwise  a  sickly  or 
weak  progeny  will  result. 

By  Budding. — This  is  an  important 
method,  second  only  to  propagation  by  cut- 
tings. 


PR  OP  A  GA  TION.  103 

The  chief  disadvantages  are  these :  first, 
it  is  more  expensive.  The  stocks  are  to  be 
purchased  and  cared  for  (they  cannot  often 
be  profitably  grown  in  our  hot  climate),  and 
it  will  be  found  that  the  labor  of  budding, 
suckering,  cutting  back  stocks,  etc.,  will 
make  the  operation  far  more  costly  than 
growing  plants  from  cuttings.  Budded 
plants  are  not  desirable  for  inexperienced 
amateurs,  since  novices  do  not  detect  the 
suckers  which,  not  infrequently,  come  up 
from  the  roots  and  if  not  cut  away  ultimately 
choke  the  plant.  A  third  objection  is  found 
in  the  fact  that  budded  plants  are  more  fre- 
quently killed  by  severe  winters  than  plants 
on  own  roots. 

On  the  other  hand,  by  budding  we  are  en- 
abled to  grow  varieties  which  are  so  difficult 
to  root  from  cuttings,  that  their  propagation 
would  be  discontinued  by  all  large  rose- 
growers  were  it  not  for  this  method.  Varie- 
ties like  Baroness  Rothschild,  Mabel  Morri- 
son, Marquise  de  Castellane,  Madame  Boll, 
Marguerite  de  St.  Amande,  etc.,  areas  yet  al- 
most indispensable,  but  no  nurseryman  would 
long  grow  them  from  cuttings.  There  is  an- 
other class  of  roses  often  advantageously 
grown  by  budding,  these  are  varieties  of 
moderate  growth  like  A.  K.  Williams,  Horace 


104  THE    ROSE. 


Vernet,  Madame  Victor  Verdier,  Mademoi- 
selle Eugenie  Verdier,  Marie  Baumann, 
Xavier  Olibo,  etc.  All  these  kinds  are  in- 
vigorated by  being  worked  on  some  strong 
stock,  like  the  Manetti.  A  third  advantage 
of  budded  roses  is  for  use  as  stock  plants, 
and  also  for  forcing.  Budded  plants  of  many 
kinds  (not  the  Jacqueminot  type)  can  be 
taken  up  in  October  or  November,  and  with 
ordinary  treatment  will  give  as  fine  a  crop  of 
flowers  as  plants  of  the  same  varieties  which 
have  been  grown  all  summer  in  pots  at  much 
more  expense  and  labor. 

I  would  not  advise  any  reader  to  purchase 
budded  roses  wTho  cannot  tell,  by  the  wood, 
the  difference  between  Persian  Yellow  and 
General  Jacqueminot,  between  Marie  Bau- 
mann and  Salet — indeed  amateurs  who  can- 
not do  this  do  not  deserve  to  have  roses  at 
all,  for  they  would  not  be  able  to  distinguish 
between  the  shoots  of  the  Manetti  suckers 
and  their  Louis  Van  Houtte  or  Victor  Ver- 
dier (although  the  Manetti  is  most  distinct 
from  all  other  roses). 

Many  kinds  of  stocks  have  been  tried  on 
which  to  bud  roses,  as  the  Brier,  the  Grif- 
feraie,  etc.,  but  for  general  use  in  this  country 
we  very  greatly  prefer  the  Manetti.  The 
stocks   are  planted   in   nursery  rows  about 


PROP  A  GA  TION.  105 

three  feet  between  the  rows,  and  six  or  eight 
inches  apart ;  in  July  and  August  the  buds 
are  inserted ;  the  lower  the  buds  can  be  put 
in  the  better,  as  the  liability  to  send  up 
suckers  is  thereby  greatly  diminished,  and 
opportunity  is  also  afforded  the  plant  of  be- 
ing ultimately  established  on  its  own  roots. 

Propagation  by  Grafting. — This  is  a 
profitable  mode  to  pursue  when  done  in  win- 
ter under  glass,  using  plants  of  Manetti  or 
Brier  grown  in  pots  for  the  purpose.  Grafting 
roses  on  the  root  cannot  be  made  profitable, 
as  such  a  large  percentage  fail  to  grow. 
Stock  grafting  is  carried  on  in  England  and 
elsewhere  with  great  success,  and  although 
the  plants  are  not  so  desirable  (owing  to  the 
graft  being  of  necessity  some  distance  above 
the  roots)  as  those  propagated  by  the  other 
methods,  it  affords  nurserymen  an  oppor- 
tunity of  more  quickly  securing  a  stock  of 
new  sorts,  and  also  is  advantageous  as  an  aid 
in  producing  more  vigorous  plants  of  such 
varieties  as  Niphetos,  than  can  possibly  be 
obtained  from  cuttings. 

Propagation  by  Layering  was  once  prac- 
tised to  considerable  extent,  but  it  is  a  slow 
method,  and  is  now  but  little  used.  Good 
plants  can  be  obtained  in  this  way  of  Persian 
Yellow  and  some  other  varieties  which  do 


106  THE    ROSE. 

not  strike  from  cuttings,  and  it  is  the  only 
method  by  which  certain  kinds  can  be  pro- 
duced on  their  own  roots. 

Besides  the  methods  spoken  of,  roses  are 
also  produced  from  seed,  but  this  is  only 
done  where  it  is  purposed  to  secure  stocks, 
as  seedling  Briers,  or  where  it  is  the  aim  to 
obtain  new  varieties. 


!(■■„_.  .       ■  ^=. 


IX. 

EXHIBITING   ROSES. 

NTIL  recently  little  attention  has, 
in  this  country,  been  given  to  a 
careful  exhibition  of  roses,  but  of 
late  years  a  decided  interest  has 
been  taken  in  the  matter,  and  very  credit- 
able displays  are  now  made  in  Boston  and 
New  York.  The  Massachusetts  Horticultural 
Society  has  done  a  great  deal  to  encourage 
exhibits  of  cut-roses,  and  the  numerous  boxes 
of  splendid  flowers  to  be  seen  at  Boston 
every  June  attract  admirers  from  all  parts  of 
the  land.  Much  has  been  written  and  said 
for  and  against  the  exhibition  of  cut-roses  in 
boxes.  Objectors  to  the  system  claim  that 
wrong  impressions  are  given  to  the  public; 
amateurs  see  beautiful  flowers  of  a  certain 
variety,  and  are  thereby  led  to  purchase  and 
attempt  to  grow  plants  of  it,  only  to  discover 
that  they  don't  grow;  the  variety  being  of 
feeble  constitution  and  requiring  skilful 
treatment,  lives   but  a  dismal   life  at  their 

107 


io8  THE    ROSE. 


hands,  and  it  is  finally  discarded  as  worthless; 
or  it  may  be,  the  sort  in  question  proves  to 
be  a  kind  that  gives  a  few  good  blooms  in 
June  and  plenty  of  shoots  and  leaves  the  rest 
of  the  year,  but  nothing  else.  Wrong  im- 
pressions are  doubtless  often  received  at 
these  exhibits,  for  to  gain  by  observation  a 
correct  impression  of  the  general  qualities  of 
any  variety  it  must  be  seen  at  different  times, 
growing  in  the  garden  or  nursery  row  in 
quantity.  On  the  other  hand,  these  exhibi- 
tions certainly  make  prominent  the  more 
beautiful  roses,  and  as  we  are  first  attracted 
to  a  rose  by  the  richness  or  delicacy  of  its 
color,  and  the  symmetry  of  its  form,  we  have 
placed  before  us  for  easy  comparison  the 
highest  types  of  beauty  to  be  found  in  the 
rose  family;  and  although  from  seeing  in- 
dividual flowers  we  learn  nothing  of  the 
character  of  varieties,  as  respects  profusion 
and  continuity  of  bloom,  or  vigor  and  health- 
fulness  of  growth,  we,  nevertheless,  can  be 
assured  that  those  kinds  which  appear  fre- 
quently and  in  great  perfection  in  different 
boxes  are  kinds  which  will  certainly  be  useful 
ones  for  general  cultivation.  Varieties, 
particularly  those  not  of  recent  origin,  which 
now  and  then  sparsely  appear  in  great  beauty, 
are  not  to  be  trusted  on  prima-facie  evidence. 


EXHIBITING    ROSES.  109 


The  warning,  "trust  her  not,  she's  fooling 
thee,"  should  be  borne  in  mind  in  the  exam- 
ination of  the  beauties  of  these  erratic  stars, 
and  no  one  should  commit  himself  in  allegi- 
ance to  them  without  some  knowledge  of 
their  actual  worth. 

The  following  rule  of  the  Massachusetts 
Horticultural  Society  referring  to  boxes  for 
exhibition  is  given  for  the  information  of 
those  interested  in  the  matter.  All  roses 
competing  for  prizes,  except  those  for  the 
general  display,  must  be  exhibited  in  boxes 
of  the  dimensions  named  below : 

Length.  Breadth.  Height. 

For  24  roses,  4  ft.  1  ft.  6  in.  Back  of  box,  6  in.  ;  front,  4  in. 

"    12  roses,  2  ft.  2  in.  1  ft.  6  in.  "           6  in.  ;      "     4  in. 

"      6  roses,  1  ft.  6  in.  1  ft.  6  in.  "           6  in.  ;      "      4  in. 

"      3  roses,  1  ft.  1  ft.  6  in.  "          6  in.  ;      "      4  in. 

One  of  the  most  important  points  con- 
nected with  showing  roses  is  the  proper  ar- 
rangement as  regards  size  and  colors  of  the 
flowers. 

"  Cut  first  of  all  your  grandest  blooms,  be- 
cause no  Mede  nor  Persian  ever  made  law 
more  unalterable  than  this :  The  largest  roses 
must  be  placed  at  the  back,  the  smallest  in  the 
front,  and  the  intermediate  in  the  middle  of 
your  boxes.  They  become  by  this  arrange- 
ment so  gradually,  beautifully  less,  that  the 


no  THE    ROSE. 

disparity  of  size  is  imperceptible.  Trans- 
gress this  rule,  and  the  result  will  be  dis- 
astrous, ludicrous,  as  when  some  huge  Lon- 
don carriage-horse  is  put  in  harness  with  the 
paternal  cob,  or  as  when  some  small  but  am- 
bitious dancer  runs  round  and  round  the 
tallest  girl  at  the  ball  in  the  gyrations  of 
the  mazy  waltz.  .  .  .  The  arrangement  of 
roses  with  regard  to  their  color  has  not  been 
studied  as  it  deserves  to  be.  The  amateur 
with  more  leisure  than  the  man  of  business 
for  the  study  of  the  beautiful,  and  for  the 
most  effective  display  of  his  fewer  flowers, 
ought  to  excel,  but,  as  a  rule,  does  not.  His 
roses  are  very  rarely  made  the  most  of  in 
this  respect,  but  are  frequently  marred  and 
spoiled,  the  colors  clashing  and  contending 
with  each  other  instead  of  combining  against 
their  common  adversary.  It  is  told  of  a 
highly  sensitive  dame  whose  silly  pride  was 
in  dress,  that  she  went  into  hysterics  before 
a  large  party  when  her  great  rival  in  milli- 
nery came  and  sat  upon  the  ottoman  beside 
her  in  a  grand  garment  of  the  same  color  as 
her  own,  but  of  a  much  more  brilliant  and 
effective  dye ;  and  I  have  seen  many  a  rose 
which  would  weep,  if  it  could,  aromatic  rose- 
water,  subdued  by  a  like  despair.  Once  upon 
a  time  six  pretty  sisters  lived  at  home  to- 


EXHIBITING   ROSES.  m 

gether  always.  In  looks,  in  figure,  in  voice, 
gait,  and  apparel,  they  exactly  resembled 
each  other.  Young  gentlemen  seeing  them 
apart,  fell  madly  in  love,  as  young  gentlemen 
ought  to  do ;  but  on  going  to  the  house  and 
being  introduced  to  the  family  they  were 
bewildered  by  the  exact  similitude,  didn't 
know  which  they  had  come  to  see,  couldn't 
think  of  proposing  at  random,  made  blunders, 
apologies,  retreats.  It  seemed  as  though  all 
these  charming  flowers  would  be  left  to 
wither  on  the  virgin  thorn,  when  one  of 
them  was  permitted  to  leave  her  home  upon 
a  visit  to  a  distant  friend.  She  returned  in 
six  weeks  bien  fiancee,  and  six  months  after 
was  a  bride.  The  rest  followed  her  example. 
So  it  is  that  six  scarlet  roses  or  six  pink  roses 
in  close  proximity  perplex  the  spectator  and 
depreciate  each  other  by  their  monotonous 
identity;  isolated  or  contrasted  we  admire 
them  heartily."  * 

Roses  should  be  cut  and  placed  in  their 
proper  positions  for  exhibition  in  the  same 
boxes  in  which  they  are  to  be  shown  previous 
to  the  time  appointed  for  exhibition.  Some 
favored  individuals  who  live  close  by  the 
place  where  the  show  is  held  find  it  practica- 
ble to  bring  the  flowers  in  baskets  or  trays, 

*  "  A  Book  about  Roses,"  Chapter  XIV.,  S.  Reynolds  Hole. 


ii2  THE    ROSE. 


and  arrange  them  in  their  proper  positions 
in  the  room  where  they  are  to  be  displayed 
two  or  three  hours  before  the  time  appointed 
for  the  judges  to  go  their  round.  When  roses 
come  from  any  distance  they  should  be  care- 
fully arranged  at  home,  and  then  when  the 
boxes  arrive  at  destination  any  flowers  that 
suffered  in  transit  can  be  replaced  from  the 
supply  put  up  for  this  purpose.  The  day  be- 
ing cloudy  and  cool,  roses  may  be  cut  at  any 
time,  but  it  is  prudent  to  rely  on  the  early 
morning  hours  as  the  best  time  for  the  pur- 
pose. An  experience  in  cutting  roses  at  sun- 
rise, on  a  fresh  cool  morning  in  June,  is  an 
experience  worth  living  for.  A  careful  ex- 
amination of  one's  treasures  the  day  before 
the  flowers  are  to  be  cut  will  enable  one  to 
estimate  the  strength  on  hand  and  decide 
finally  as  to  what  classes  shall  be  contended 
for.  All  the  details  should  be  considered  in 
advance,  and  the  writing  of  cards,  giving  of 
names  of  varieties,  providing  green  moss, 
etc.,  not  left  till  the  last  moment.  Ama- 
teurs who  do  not  comprehend  the  manner  of 
construction  of  exhibition  boxes  and  the  way 
the  flowers  are  to  be  arranged  in  them,  would 
do  well  to  apply  to  the  Secretary  of  the 
Massachusetts  Horticultural  Society,  Horti- 
cultural Hall,  Boston,  who  will  have  sent  to 


EXHIBITING  ROSES.  113 

them  a  box  from  which  they  can  pattern,  or 
all  the  boxes  required  will  be  sent ;  he  will 
also  furnish  the  schedule  of  prizes  offered  by 
the  society.  I  mention  this  society  because 
its  exhibits  are  of  higher  character  than  any 
others,  both  as  regards  the  quality  of  the 
flowers  displayed  and  the  general  arrange- 
ments and  facilities  afforded.  Boston  excels 
in  the  exhibit  of  Hybrid  Remontants,  while 
New  York  stands  first  in  staging  fine  Teas, 
but  at  both  places  displays  are  made  that 
should  have  the  encouragement  of  all  who 
are  interested  in  the  improvement  of  our 
rose  exhibitions. 
8 


X. 

ROSES   UNDER   GLASS.       BY   J.  N.  MAY. 

HERE  are  a  number  of  roses  which 
do  not  attain  perfection  when 
grown  in  open  air,  and  others  that 
do  not  thrive  at  all  except  under 
glass.  For  these  it  is  necessary  to  provide  a 
rose-house,  which,  besides  enabling  us  to 
grow  satisfactorily  the  delicate  kinds,  will 
supply  us  with  flowers  during  the  winter 
months  of  any  more  robust  sorts  we  choose 
to  grow.  If  it  is  desired  to  grow  more  than 
one  family  of  roses,  two  or  more  houses  are 
desirable,  so  that  they  can  be  treated  to  suit 
their  several  requirements.  Tea  Roses  need 
one  treatment,  Hybrid  Perpetuals  and  nearly 
all  hardy  roses  require  another  somewhat 
different.  I  will  first  give  the  treatment  re- 
quisite for  insuring  the  best  results  with  Tea 
Roses,  commencing  with  their  propagation. 

Cuttings. — Use  young,  vigorous  wood 
taken  from  healthy  plants;  the  wood  is  in 
the  right  condition  when  the  flower  buds  are 

114 


ROSES    UNDER    GLASS.  115 

well  developed.  Take  cuttings  with  two  or 
three  leaf  stalks,  remove  the  lower  one  and 
make  a  smooth  cut,  if  possible  just  beneath 
where  the  leaf  stalk  was  removed ;  with  the 
back  of  the  knife  knock  off  all  thorns  from 
the  wood  and  insert  the  cutting  in  your  bed 
of  sand ;  press  around  the  cutting  firmly,  and 
water  thoroughly  with  tepid  water.  After 
this  process  the  cuttings  should  never  be  al- 
lowed to  get  dry,  the  sand  must  be  kept 
moist  by  frequent  syringing.  If  the  tempera- 
ture of  the  house  is  kept  at  from  fifty  to  fifty- 
five  degrees  at  night  and  from  sixty  to 
seventy  during  the  day,  the  cuttings  will  be 
well  rooted  in  twenty-eight  or  thirty  days 
after  the  day  they  are  put  in. 

To  know  when  they  are  in  the  right  con- 
dition to  pot  off:  with  a  thin,  flat  stick,  care- 
fully pry  a  few  out  of  the  sand ;  if  they  have 
made  roots  one-half  inch  long,  they  can  be 
potted.  The  soil  must  be  prepared  by  taking 
three  parts  good  loam,  one  part  sand,  one 
part  well-rotted  cow-manure;  these  are  to 
be  thoroughly  mixed  and  placed  in  a  warm 
position.  Use  two-and-a-half-inch  pots,  press 
about  the  cuttings  firmly ;  when  potted  place 
near  the  glass.  Do  not  water  heavily  for  a 
few  days ;  until  they  begin  to  grow  freely  a 
light  syringing,   just  enough    to    keep    the 


n6  THE   ROSE. 


plants  from   becoming  dry,    is  all    that  is 
necessary. 

In  about  three  weeks,  the  plants,  if  prop- 
erly treated,  will  be  ready  to  shift  into  four 
or  five-inch  pots.  The  same  care  used  in  the 
first  potting  must  be  observed  in  this.  By 
watering  the  plants  an  hour  or  so  before 
shifting,  they  will  leave  the  pot  with  a  ball 
of  earth,  and  thus  but  slight  check  or  disturb- 
ance is  given  to  the  growth  of  the  plants. 
The  pots  should  always  be  filled  to  the 
amount  of  one-fourth  or  one-fifth  their  depth 
with  broken  pieces  of  pots,  or  similar  sub- 
stances, in  order  to  secure  perfect  drainage. 
After  four  or  five  weeks'  growth  the  plants 
should  be  ready  for  the  second  shift,  when 
six  or  seven-inch  pots  will  be  needed.  The 
same  soil  should  be  used,  but  with  the  addi- 
tion of  one  shovelful  of  pure  ground  bone  to 
every  forty  shovels  of  soil ;  this  must  be  well 
mixed.  In  shifting  plants  always  use  clean 
pots. 

The  best  time  to  make  cuttings  is  during 
the  month  of  January ;  if  you  cannot  obtain 
good  cuttings  of  your  own,  order  young 
plants  from  some  good  grower,  to  be  delivered 
to  you  some  time  in  February  or  March. 
These  plants  will  probably  be  from  two-and- 
a-half-inch  pots  and  will  be  ready  for  their 


ROSES    UNDER    GLASS.  117 

first  shift.  Do  not  order  the  plants  sent  by 
mail,  for  tinder  no  circumstances  will  plants 
by  mail  ever  be  as  good  as  those  sent  by  ex- 
press ;  for  the  reason  that  the  soil  is  shaken 
off  the  roots  when  prepared  for  mailing,  and 
the  roots  get  damaged  in  transit.  I  would 
rather  pay  double  the  price  for  every  plant 
I  wanted  and  have  them  come  by  express 
than  have  them  mailed  at  one-half  the 
price. 

After  the  sun  causes  the  temperature  of  the 
house  to  rise  during  the  day,  as  during  mild, 
clear  days  in  February,  March,  and  April, 
careful  attention  must  be  paid  to  ventilation ; 
air  is  to  be  given  from  the  ridge,  never  from 
the  front,  until  after  the  first  of  June,  or  the 
plants  will  suffer  from  mildew,  etc.  The 
Aphis  must  be  kept  off  by  tobacco  fumiga- 
tion ;  never  allow  the  plants  to  become  in  the 
least  infested.  Prevent  mildew  by  dusting 
flowers  of  sulphur  on  the  pipes  or  flues, 
which  should  previously  be  moistened  with 
water. 

The  plants  will  be  ready  for  removal  from 
the  houses  to  open  air  about  the  first  of  June. 
The  position  chosen  for  plunging  the  roses 
must  not  be  one  exposed  to  sweeping  winds 
or  strong  draughts  of  air.  The  pots  may  be 
plunged  in  a  bed  of  coal-ashes,  or  any  similar 


n8  THE    ROSE. 


material,  about  four  inches  in  depth.  The 
plants  should  be  syringed  once  a  day  to  keep 
them  healthy;  if  the  surface  of  the  soil  be- 
comes green  carefully  remove  it  and  fill  up 
with  fresh  soil.  When  the  pots  are  filled 
with  roots  we  give  the  final  shift  for  the  sea- 
son, using  eight,  nine,  or  ten-inch  pots  ac- 
cording to  the  size  and  strength  of  the  plant. 
If  it  is  desired  to  grow  the  plants  on  benches, 
out  of  pots,  this  last  shift  is  not  used.  For 
this  purpose  the  side  benches  should  not  ex- 
ceed three  feet  six  inches  in  width,  and  next 
the  front  should  be  twelve  or  fourteen  inches 
from  the  glass.  The  benches  must  be  so 
made  as  to  hold  five  or  six  inches  of  soil,  and 
the  bottom  boards  laid  one-half  inch  apart, 
so  as  to  secure  good  drainage;  over  the 
cracks  are  placed  thin  sods,  the  grass  side 
downward ;  these  prevent  the  soil  from  being 
washed  away  by  watering.  The  first  bench 
being  nearer  the  glass  than  the  others  should 
be  used  for  the  more  delicate  growing  kinds, 
like  Niphetos,  etc.  If  the  house  be  not 
pitched  too  high,  the  middle  bench  can  be 
made  level,  like  the  front  one,  using  the  back 
portion  for  the  taller  growing  sorts.  The 
third  bench,  if  there  be  one,  must  be  raised 
so  as  to  bring  the  plants  about  the  same  dis- 
tance from  the  glass  as  does  the  first  one. 


ROSES    UNDER    GLASS.  119 


The  plants  should  be  placed  about  sixteen  or 
eighteen  inches  apart,  each  way,  and  should 
be  in  position  in  June  or  July.     When  well 
established  and  growing  freely,  give  them  a 
mulching  of  good  rotten  manure  mixed  with 
bone-dust;   one  shovel  bone-dust  to  twenty 
of  manure  is  a  good  proportion.     The  amount 
of  water  to    be  given  will    vary  with  the 
weather;    during  clear    and   hot  days  they 
should  have  a  vigorous  spraying,  given  by  a 
syringe  or  from  the  hose,  twice  a  day.     When 
it  is  cloudy  or  cool  they  may  need  but  a  slight 
sprinkling    once   a    day.      The   soil   should 
never  be  allowed  to  become  dry  so  as  to  show 
dust,  or  to  be  saturated  with  water ;   either 
extreme  is  dangerous  to  the  health  of  the 
plants.     From  the  time  of  planting  out,  say 
the  last  of  June,  until  the  middle  of  Septem- 
ber, or  until  the  nights  become  chilly,  all  the 
ventilators  should    be  constantly  left  wide 
open ;   when  cool  weather  begins  they  must 
be  closed  at  night,  but  air  should  always  be 
given  from  the  ridge  during  the  day,  unless 
the  weather    be  adverse.     It  should  be  the 
endeavor  to  keep  the  temperature  fifty-five 
degrees  at  night,  and  sixty-five  to  eighty  de- 
grees during  the  day.     If  these  instructions 
are  carefully  heeded,  there  will  be  an  abun- 
dant supply  of  fine  roses  all  through  the  sea- 


120  THE    ROSE. 


son,  from  the  first  of  October  to  the  end  of 
the  following  June,  when  the  same  process 
will  be  repeated.  Although  the  old  plants 
can  be  used  for  a  second  season,  I  do  not 
advocate  it;  the  extra  expense  and  trouble 
of  renewing  the  beds  of  soil  and  the  plants 
every  season,  I  have  proved  by  experience  is 
more  than  compensated  for  by  the  better  and 
more  constant  supply  of  fine  blooms. 

If  it  is  decided  to  grow  the  plants  in  pots 
all  the  season  a  somewhat  different  treat- 
ment is  to  be  followed.  After  the  final  shift 
the  plants  are  again  placed  on  the  bed  of 
ashes,  where  they  are  constantly  to  be 
watched  and  cared  for,  the  dead  leaves  picked 
off  and  the  surface  of  the  soil  occasionally 
stirred,  care  being  taken  not  to  disturb  the 
young  roots.  During  hot  weather  it  is  best 
to  water  in  the  evening,  but  when  the  nights 
become  cool  the  morning  is  a  better  time. 
By  the  middle  of  August  we  slightly  with- 
hold watering,  so  that  the  plants  may  obtain 
a  hardy  constitution  and  a  partial  rest  of  a 
few  weeks.  The  greenhouses  should  be 
thoroughly  cleaned,  ready  to  receive  the 
plants  by  the  middle  of  September.  After 
the  plants  are  housed  they  should  be  mulched 
with  thoroughly  rotted  cow-manure,  fifteen 
parts,  mixed  with  one  part  pure  ground  bone. 


ROSES    UNDER    GLASS.  121 

As  much  is  to  be  placed  on  each  pot  as  will 
remain  and  not  wash  off.  The  soil  is  to  be 
examined  to  see  that  it  does  not  get  too  wet. 
In  ten  or  fifteen  days  after  the  plants  are 
placed  in  the  house  they  will  begin  to  show 
plenty  of  blooms,  and  will  continue  to  push 
forth  buds  all  the  winter.  By  the  first  of 
December,  if  the  plants  are  doing  well,  they 
should  have  a  little  weak  liquid  manure. 
Place  one-half  bushel  of  fresh  cow-manure  in 
a  barrel  containing  fifty  gallons  of  water; 
stir  it  thoroughly  and  let  it  stand  two  days 
before  using.  The  plants  may  be  allowed  to 
become  a  little  dry  before  the  liquid  is  ap- 
plied; it  can  be  used  once  a  week.  Chicken 
manure  is  also  excellent,  applied  in  the  same 
way,  but  as  it  is  stronger,  about  twice  the 
amount  of  water  should  be  used.  When 
neither  of  these  fertilizers  can  be  had,  Peru- 
vian guano,  two  pounds  to  fifty  gallons  of 
water,  may  be  substituted.  A  peck  of  soot 
tied  in  a  coarse  bag  and  allowed  to  stand  in 
water  for  several  hours,  is  also  a  useful  stim- 
ulant. To  destroy  worms  and  keep  the  soil 
sweet  a  dose  of  lime-water  may  occasionally 
be  given  with  excellent  results.  One  peck  of 
fresh  lime  is  placed  in  a  barrel,  and  enough 
water  added  to  it  to  slake  it,  as  a  mason 
would  do  in  making  mortar.     When  the  lime 


122  THE    ROSE. 


has  been  slaked,  add  fifty  gallons  of  water 
and  then  let  it  stand  until  clear. 

The  mulching  about  the  plants  may  be 
renewed  during  the  winter,  and  toward 
spring  the  liquid  manure  can  be  given  more 
frequently  than  at  the  first.  At  the  end  of 
the  season,  say  the  first  week  in  June,  the 
plants  should  be  removed  from  the  green- 
house to  the  plunging  ground ;  it  is  desirable 
now  to  plunge  the  pots  up  to  the  rim,  as  this 
keeps  the  plants  somewhat  moist,  and  much 
less  water  is  required.  The  supply  of  water 
should  be  gradually  lessened,  that  the  growth 
may  be  checked  and  the  plants  obtain  a  few 
weeks'  rest ;  in  doing  this,  care  must  be  had 
that  the  young  wood  does  not  shrivel.  After 
a  rest  of  about  five  weeks,  the  plants  are  to 
be  shifted  into  pots  one  or  two  sizes  larger. 
By  the  middle  of  August  it  will  be  time  to 
cut  away  all  weak  wood,  reserving  the  young 
and  strong  shoots ;  these  should  be  tied  to 
neat  stakes.  As  the  plants  show  signs  of 
forming  new  growth,  a  little  more  water 
must  be  given ;  they  should  be  housed  by  the 
middle  of  September  and  treated  the  same 
way  as  in  the  previous  year. 

Hybrid  Perpetual  Roses  must  be  managed 
differently  from  the  Teas.  They  are  propa- 
gated and  grown  in  the  same  way  until  the 


ROSES    UNDER    GLASS.  123 

first  of  September,  when  they  should  be 
sorted,  and  all  those  having  the  strongest 
and  ripest  wood  placed  by  themselves. 
Water  is  to  be  gradually  withheld  until 
growth  stops,  this  will  be  in  two  or  three 
weeks ;  the  pots  are  then  to  be  laid  on  their 
sides,  on  a  bed  of  coal-ashes ;  if  the  weather 
is  hot  and  dry  cover  the  pots  with  rough 
grass,  hay,  or  any  light  material;  in  this 
condition  they  can,  if  desired,  remain  several 
weeks,  provided  they  are  not  allowed  to  get 
hard  frozen. 

Presuming  that  the  blooms  are  required 
for  New  Year's,  the  plants  should  be 
thoroughly  ripened  by  the  25th  of  Septem- 
ber, and  must  be  pruned  about  that  time ;  in 
doing  this  remove  entirely  all  weak  shoots 
and  shorten  the  strong  ones  to  within  a  few 
buds  of  the  base,  cutting  back  to  a  plump 
eye.  Stand  the  pots  up  and  water  them  a 
little  at  a  time  till  the  balls  are  soaked 
through;  on  warm  days,  syringe  the  tops 
frequently.  Should  the  nights  get  frosty 
place  the  plants  in  a  pit  or  cold  frame,  cover- 
ing with  sashes.  If  no  such  place  be  ready 
the  plants  must  be  removed  to  the  green- 
house; in  any  event  they  will  need  to  go 
there  when  the  eyes  have  well  started.  Be 
sure  to  give  plenty  of  air  on  all  mild  days, 


124  THE    ROSE. 


and  syringe  two  or  three  times  a  day,  accord- 
ing to  the  heat  of  the  sun.  Do  not  allow  the 
temperature  to  exceed  forty  degrees  at  night 
for  the  first  three  weeks ;  after  that  it  can  be 
gradually  increased  to  forty-five  degrees.  In 
early  November,  special  care  must  be  taken 
not  to  overwater,  at  the  same  time  the  plants 
must  never  be  allowed  to  get  dry  from  the 
time  the  plants  start  into  growth  until  the 
blooms  are  cut.  The  temperature  will  be 
kept  at  forty-five  degrees  for  the  night,  or 
a  very  little  above  that  point,  until  the  flower 
buds  form ;  so  soon  as  the  buds  are  well  de- 
veloped the  night  temperature  can  be  gradu- 
ally increased  to  fifty-five  degrees.  So  soon 
as  it  is  seen  that  the  flower  buds  are  forming, 
liquid  manure  may  be  given,  as  directed  for 
Tea  Roses. 

If  the  flowers  are  wanted  any  earlier  than 
January  the  plants  must  be  ripened  corre- 
spondingly early.  It  generally  takes  fourteen 
weeks  from  the  time  of  starting  to  bring  Hy- 
brid Perpetual  Roses  into  bloom.  The  loca- 
tion, soil,  etc.,  all  exert  influences  in  this 
matter,  and  the  operator  must  adapt  himself 
to  the  circumstances  of  the  case.  Certainly 
there  is  no  royal  road  to  success  in  forcing 
roses ;  it  is  only  by  hard  work,  patient  and 
careful  watching,  night  and  day,  that  success 


ROSES    UNDER    GLASS.  125 

can  be  obtained.  When  the  crop  of  flowers 
is  cut  the  plants  can  be  treated  about  the 
same  as  the  Teas,  excepting  they  will  not 
need  quite  so  much  water  for  a  few  weeks 
until  they  begin  to  grow  freely  again ;  then 
encouragement  should  be  given  them,  for 
the  finer  the  growth  now  the  better  will  be 
the  produce  the  next  season.  At  the  begin- 
ning of  June  they  can  be  taken  out  of  doors 
and  receive  the  same  treatment  as  young 
plants. 

Varieties  suitable  for  forcing  are  numer- 
ous (see  Chapter  XI.  for  list  of  varieties), 
perhaps  the  best  dark  ones  for  very  early 
work  are  General  Jacqueminot  and  Fisher 
Holmes.  Varieties  of  Tea  Roses  suitable  for 
forcing  are  almost  innumerable,  and  every 
grower  has  his  favorites ;  among  the  newer 
sorts  some  of  the  Hybrid  Teas  will  certainly 
rank  among  the  first. 

For  this  chapter  readers  are  indebted  to  Mr. 
J.N.May,  of  Summit,  N.  J.,  a  practical  cul- 
tivator, one  of  the  most  successful  rosarians 
who  grow  flowers  for  the  New  York  market. 
Roses  under  glass  are  nowhere  brought  to 
such  perfection  as  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Summit  and  Madison,  New  Jersey.  In  the 
English  rose  exhibitions  are  yet  to  be  seen 


126  THE    ROSE. 

the  finest  specimens  of  hardy  roses,  but  to 
see  the  most  beautiful  blooms  of  Tea  Roses 
that  the  world  produces  we  must  go  to  New 
Jersey ;  this  chapter,  from  one  of  the  adepts, 
will  therefore  be  of  great  practical  value 
to  all  who  are  interested  in  growing  roses 
through  the  winter  months. 


XI. 

VARIETIES    BEST    ADAPTED    FOR    SPECIAL 
PURPOSES. 

The  kinds  marked  with  an  asterisk  (*)  should  be 
first  chosen. 

^OR  Pegging-down  and  Bedding. — 
For  this  purpose  monthly  roses 
are  the  best,  and  in  selecting  suit- 
able varieties,  several  necessary 
qualities  must  be  considered.  When  we 
plant  roses  in  isolated  positions  we  often  do 
so  having  regard  to  some  special  features 
which,  by  themselves,  would  not  make  the 
varieties  of  value  for  massing  together. 
Thus,  Marechal  Niel  and  Niphetos  are  not 
desirable  kinds,  though  they  are  the  finest 
roses  of  their  color.  The  requisites  for  a 
good  bedding  rose  are,  freedom  of  bloom, 
healthy  habit  of  growth,  and  pure,  steadfast 
color.  Symmetry  of  form,  fragrance,  and 
fulness  of  flower  should  also  be  taken  into 
consideration. 

127 


128  THE   ROSE. 


We  commend  the  following : 

*Agrippina,  *Apolline,  Edward  Desfosses, 
*George  Peabody,  *Hermosa,  Queen  of  Bour- 
bons, *Malmaison,  Madame  Caroline  Kus- 
ter,  Pumila,  Bougere,  Catherine  Mermet, 
Countess  Riza  du  Pare,  General  Tartas, 
*Gerard  Desbois,  *Homer,  Jean  Pernet,  *La 
Princesse  Vera,  Madame  de  Vatry,  *Madame 
Lambard,  Marie  Ducher,  Marie  Guillot, 
*Marie  Van  Houtte,  *Monsieur  Furtado, 
*Perle  des  Jardins,  Rubens,  *Sombreuil, 
Souvenir  d'un  Ami,  Triomphe  de  Luxem- 
bourg, *La  France,  Michael  Saunders, 
Paquerette,  Soupert-et-Notting  (Moss),  Co- 
quette des  Alpes,  *Eliza  Boelle,  Madame 
Auguste  Perrin. 

The  Hybrid  Remontants  are  not  quite  so 
useful  for  bedding  roses  as  those  above 
named,  since  they  are  not  continuously  in 
bloom,  but  they  are  very  beautiful  massed 
together  and  are  capable  of  producing  great 
effects.     All  of  these  are  desirable : 

Abel  Grand,  *Alfred  Colomb,  Anne  de 
Diesbach,  Annie  Wood,  Baronne  Prevost, 
Baroness  Rothschild,  Boieldieu,  *Countess 
of  Serenye,  Charles  Lefebvre,  Charles  Mar- 
gottin,  Countess  of  Oxford,  *Eugenie  Ver- 
dier,  *Fisher  Holmes,  *Francois  Michelon, 
Gabriel    Tournier,     General     Jacqueminot, 


VARIETIES  FOR  SPECIAL  PURPOSES.  129 

Hippolyte  Jamain,  *John  Hopper,  La  Reine, 
La  Rosiere,  Louis  Van  Houtte,  Mabel  Mor- 
rison, Madame  Charles  Wood,  Madame  V. 
Verdier,  ^Marguerite  de  St.  Amand,  *Marie 
Baumann,  Paul  Neyron,  Pierre  Notting, 
*Rev.  J.  B.  M.  Camm,  Victor  Verdier. 

For  Forcing. — We  need  for  this  purpose 
varieties  that  will  flower  freely  and  that  are 
of  high  finish ;  only  the  most  beautiful  should 
be  grown. 

Among  Monthly  Roses  the  most  desirable 
are :  *  Agrippina,  Douglass,  Souvenir  de  la 
Malmaison,  Cloth  of  Gold,  Marechal  Neil, 
Marie  Berton,  Bon  Silene,  ^Catherine  Mermet 
(not  very  free,  but  most  beautiful),  *Cornelia 
Cook  (same  attributes  as  Mermet),  Homer, 
Innocente  Pirola,  ^Isabella  Sprunt,  Jean  Per- 
net,  *Madame  Bravy,  *Madame  de  Vatry, 
Madame  Lambard,  *Marie  Guillot,  *Marie 
Van  Houtte,  Monsieur  Furtado,  Niphetos, 
Odorata,  *Perle  des  Jardins,  *Rubens,  Sa- 
frano,  Souvenir  d'un  Ami,  Triomphe  de 
Luxembourg,  Beauty  of  Stapleford,  Captain 
Christy,  Duke  of  Connaught,  La  France, 
Madame  A.  Bernaix,  Mademoiselle  B.  Violet, 
Nancy  Lee,  Viscountess  Falmouth,  Soupert- 
et-Notting  (Moss),  *Eliza  Boelle,  Madame 
Noman. 

Among  Hybrid   Remontants  choose  from 
9 


130  THE    ROSE. 


Abel  Carriere,  *A.  Colomb,  Anne  de  Dies- 
bach,  *Baroness  Rothschild,  Charles  Lefeb- 
vre,  Countess  Cecile,  *Countess  of  Serenye, 
Countess  of  Oxford,  Etienne  Levet,  *Eugenie 
Verdier,  *Fisher  Holmes.  Francois  Michelon, 
General  Jacqueminot,  H.  Jamain,  Jean  Lia- 
baud,  *John  Hopper,  Louis  Van  Houtte, 
Mabel  Morrison,  La  Rosiere,  ^Marguerite  de 
St.  Amande,  Marie  Baumann,  Paul  Neyron, 
Pierre  Notting,  *Rev.  J.  B.  M.  Camm,  V.  Ver- 
dier. 

Climbing  Roses  for  Conservatory. — 
Aimee  Vibert  Scandens,  Banksia  White, 
Banksia  Yellow,  *Celine  Forrestier,  Claire 
Carnot,  Cloth  of  Gold,  *Lamarque,  Marechal 
Niel,  *Solfaterre,  Belle  Lyonnaise,  *Gloire 
de  Dijon,  Madame  Berard,  *Marie  Berton, 
Reine  Marie  Henriette. 

Hardy  Roses,  that  are  free  autumnal 
sorts. — Gloire  de  Dijon,  *La  France,  Vis- 
countess Falmouth,  Salet,  Soupert-et-Not- 
ting.  All  the  Hybrid  Noisettes.  Abel  Grand, 
*  Alfred  Colomb,  Antoine  Verdier,  Annie 
Wood,  Baronne  Prevost,  *Baroness  Roths- 
child, *Boieldieu,  Caroline  de  Sansal,  *Coun- 
tess  of  Serenye,  Etienne  Levet,  Eugenie 
Verdier,  *Francois  Michelon,  Gabriel  Tour- 
nier,  General  Washington,  Hippolyte  Jamain, 
Horace  Vernet,  John  Hopper,  Jules  Margot- 


VARIETIES  FOR  SPECIAL  PURPOSES.  131 


tin,  La  Reine,  Louis  Van  Houtte,  Mabel 
Morrison,  Madame  Charles  Wood,  *Mar- 
guerite  de  St.  Amand,  Marie  Baumann, 
Monsieur  Noman,  Paul  Neyron,  Princess 
Charlotte,  *Rev.  J.  B.  M.  Camm,  Victor  Ver- 
dier.  These  are  not  all  perfectly  hardy ;  for 
list  of  such  kinds  see  below. 

Highly  Scented   Roses.— With  but  few 
exceptions   all   Moss   Roses.      Blanchefleur, 
Centifolia,  Madame  Hardy,  *Marechal  Niel, 
Aline  Sisley,  *Bon  Silene,  Catherine  Mermet, 
Countess  Riza  du  Pare,  *Devoniensis,  Jules 
Finger,  *Madame   Bravy,  Madame  F.  Janin, 
Marie  Van  Houtte,  *Odorata,  Rubens,  Sou- 
venir d'un  Ami,    *Duchess  of    Connaught, 
Hon.  George  Bancroft,  *La  France,  *Nancy 
Lee,    *Viscountess    Falmouth,    *Soupert-et- 
Notting,  *  Alfred  Colomb,  Baronne  Prevost, 
Bessie    Johnson,    Fisher    Holmes,    General 
Jacqueminot,     Horace    Vernet,   Louis    Van 
Houtte,  Mme.  Chirard,  *Madame  Victor  Ver- 
dier,  Marie  Baumann,  Marie  Rady,  Maurice 
Bernardin,  Pierre  Notting,  Prince  de  Porcia, 
Queen   of  Waltham,    *Rev.  J.  B.  M.  Camm, 
Xavier  Olibo. 

The  most  hardy  Roses.— Abel  Grand, 
Anne  de  Diesbach,  Baron  de  Bonstetten, 
*Baronne  Prevost,  Baroness  Rothschild, 
Boieldieu,  Caroline  de  Sansal,  Charles  Mar- 


132  THE    ROSE. 


gottin,  Countess  of  Serenye,  Edward  Morren, 
Francois  Michelon,  General  Jacqueminot, 
Jules  Margottin,  *La  Reine,  Mabel  Morrison, 
Madame  Boll,  Madame  Joly,  Marchioness  of 
Exeter,  Marguerite  de  St.  Amande,  Marquise 
de  Castellane,  Maurice  Bernardin,  Rev.  J.  B. 
M.  Camm.  All  summer  roses,  with  scarce 
any  exception,  are  hardy,  more  so  than  any 
of  the  Hybrid  Remontants.  The  most  hardy 
of  the  Monthly  Roses  are  Apolline,  Edward 
Desfosses,  Hermosa,  Louise  Odiar,  Aimee 
Vibert,  Caroline  Marniesse,  Gloire  de  Dijon, 
Reine  Marie  Henriette,  Bougere,  Gerard 
Desbois,  Homer,  Madame  de  Vatry,  Marie 
Ducher,  Sombreuil. 

The  most  beautiful  Roses,  or  those 
suited  for  Exhibition. — Souvenir  de  la 
Malmaison,  Cloth  of  Gold,  *Marechal  Niel, 
Madame  Berard,  *Marie  Berton,  *Catherine 
Mermet,  *Cornelia  Cook,  *Homer,  *Madame 
Bravy,  *Marie  Guillot,  Marie  Van  Houtte, 
Monsieur  Furtado,  Niphetos,  Perle  des  Jar- 
dins,  *Rubens,  Souvenir  d'un  Ami,  *Captain 
Christy,  *La  France,  Madame  Alexander 
Bernaix,  Princess  Lousie  Victoria,  *Eliza 
Boelle,  *Madame  Noman,  A.  Geoffroy  St. 
Hilaire,  Abel  Carriere,  *A.  Colomb,  A.  K. 
Williams,  Baron  de  Bonstetten,  *  Baroness 
Rothschild,  *Charles  Lefebvre,  Charles  Mar- 


VARIETIES  FOR  SPECIAL  PURPOSES.  133 


gottin,  Countess  Cecile,  Countess  of  Serenye, 
Edward  Morren,  Egeria,  *Eugenie  Verdier, 
*E.  Y.  Teas,  Fisher  Holmes,  Francois  Miche- 
lon,  George  Prince,  Horace  Vernet,  *Jean 
Liabaud,  John  Hopper,  Jules  Margottin,  La 
Rosiere,  *Louis  Van  Houtte,  Mabel  Morri- 
son, *Madame  Victor  Verdier,  Marguerite  de 
St.  Amand,  *Marie  Baumann,  *Marie  Rady, 
Marquise  de  Castellane,  Maurice  Bernardin, 
Monsieur  Noman,  Paul  Neyron,  *Pierre  Not- 
ting,  *Rev.  J.  B.  M.  Camm,  Victor  Verdier, 
*Xavier  Olibo. 


XII. 

RAISERS   OF   THE   BEST   ROSES. 

ITH  the  immense  number  of  vari- 
eties produced  and  sent  out  each 
year,  it  would  be  well  if  we  had 
some  criterion  which  would  en- 
able us  to  select  the  probably  meritorious 
sorts  from  the  mass  of  kinds  which  are  worth- 
less. We  have,  as  yet,  no  better  guide  than 
the  reputation  of  the  raisers ;  by  comparing 
the  best  sorts  of  the  different  growers  we  can 
estimate  with  some  exactness  the  value  each 
grower  has  been  to  the  world;  judging  from 
what  we  have  received  in  the  past,  we  can 
estimate,  in  a  measure,  the  value  of  that 
proffered  annually  by  the  different  raisers  of 
new  roses. 

The  best  sorts  of  each  raiser  are  given  in 
the  accompanying  list,  and  are  those  kinds 
most  generally  grown  the  world  over. 

*  These  raisers  are  dead,  or  have  retired 
from  business,  or  are  not  likely  to  be  heard 
from  again. 

i34 


RAISERS  OF  THE  BEST  ROSES.       135 

The  abbreviations  used  describing  the 
classes  are:  A. — Austrian;  B. — Bourbon; 
Beng.— Bengal;  CI.  T.— Climbing  Tea;  D. 
— Damask;  Hy.  CI. — Hybrid  Climber;  Hy. 
N.— Hybrid  Noisette;  H.  R.— Hybrid  Re- 
montant; H.  T. — Hybrid  Tea;  M. — Moss; 
N. — Noisette;  P. — Prairie;  P.  M. — Perpetual 
Moss ;  Pol.  — Polyantha ;  Prov.  — Provence ; 
T.— Tea. 


*Baumann.     France. 
Marie  Baumann H. R. 


1863 


*Jea?i  Bdluze.     Lyons,  France. 
His  first  variety  was  sent  out  in  1840. 

Souvenir  de  la  Malmaison B. 

Leveson  Gower 


Henry  Bennett.     England 
First  variety  issued  in  1879 

Beauty  of  Staplef ord Hy 

Duchess  of  Connaught 

Duchess  of  Westminster 

Duke  of  Connaught 

Hon.  George  Bancroft 

Jean  Sisley 

Michael  Saunders 

Nancy  Lee 

Pearl 

Viscountess  Falmouth 


T. 


1843 
1846 


1879 

1879 
1879 

1879 
1879 
1879 
1879 
1879 
1879 
1879 


136  THE    ROSE. 

These  were   raised   by  other  parties,   but  were 
purchased  and  sent  out  by  Bennett. 

Duchess  of  Edinburgh H.R.  1874 

Egeria "  1878 

Lord  Beaconsfield "  1878 

Mabel  Morrison "  1878 

Madame  Welche T.  1878 

*  Daniel  Boll.     New  York. 

Madame  Boll  (sent  out  by  Boyeau)  H.R.  1859 

*Boyean.     France. 

Solfaterre N.  1843 

Souvenir  de  Mons.  Boll H.R.  1866 

Broughton.     (Amateur. )     England. 

Mabel  Morrison H.R.  1878 

B.  B.  Cant.     Colchester,  England. 

Prince  Arthur H.R.  1875 

Scipiofi  Cochet.     France. 

Souv.  de  la  Reine  d'Angleterre. . .  .H.R.  1855 

Anthony  Cook.     (Koch.)     Baltimore,  Md. 

Cornelia  Cook T.  1855 

Cranston  <Sn>  Co.     King's  Acre,  England. 

Climbing  Jules  Margottin Hy.Cl.  1875 

Sir  Garnet  Wolseley H.R.  1875 

Mrs.  Jowitt "  1880 


RAISERS  OF  THE  BEST  ROSES.       137 


Frederick  Damaizin.     Lyons,  France. 
Introduced  his  first  variety  in  1857. 

Mademoiselle  Rachel T.  i860 

Madame  Charles "  1864 

Abel  Grand H.R.  1865 

Felix  Genero "  1866 

Madame  Nachury "  1873 

La  Rosiere "  l874 

Davis.     England. 

Penelope  Mayo H.R.  1878 

*  Desprez.     France. 

Desprez N.  1838 

Baronne  Prevost H.R.  1842 

Caroline  de  Sansal "  1849 

Ducher  and  Widow.     Lyons,  France. 
First  variety  sent  out  in  1852. 

Gloire  de  Ducher H.R.  1865 

Nardy  Freres "  1865 

Antoine  Ducher . .    "  1866 

Marie  Ducher T.  1868 

Ducher Beng.  1869 

Coquette  de  Lyon T.  1870 

Marie  Van  Houtte "  1871 

Perle  de  Lyon "  1872 

Comte  de  Sembui  "  1874 

Jean  Ducher "  1874 

Marechal  Robert "  1875 

Triomphe  de  Milan "  1876 

Madame  Maurice  Kuppenheim "  1877 

Innocente  Pirola "  1878 


138  THE    ROSE. 


Madame  Welche T.  1878 

Jean  Lorthois "  1879 

Jules  Finger "  1879 

Madame  Louis  Henry N.  1879 

Mademoiselle  Cecile  Brunner Pol.  1880 

*  Feast.     Baltimore,  Md. 

Anna  Maria P.  1843 

Baltimore  Belle "  1843 

Queen  of  Prairies "  1843 

*  Fontaine  pere.     Chatillon,  France. 

Queen  Victoria H.R.  1850 

Mme.  Chas.  Crapelet "  1859 

Marie  Rady "  1865 

Charles  Fontaine.     Chatillon,  France. 

Louis  Dore H.R.  1878 

G argon.     Rouen,  France. 

Mme.  Hippolyte  Jamain H.R.  1871 

Boieldieu "  1877 

Gautreau.     France. 

Camille  Bernardin H.  R.  1865 

Mme.  de  St.  Pulgent ' "  1872 

J.  M.  Gonod.     Lyons,  France. 
Introduced  his  first  variety  in  1863. 

Achille  Gonod H.R.  1864 

Mme.  Louis  Donadine "  1877 

Mme.  Anna  de  Besobrasoff "  1877 

Mme.  Eugene  Chambeyran "  1878 

Mile.  Julie  Dymonier "  1879 


RAISERS  OF  THE  BEST  ROSES.  139 

Granger. 

General  Washington H.R.  1861 

Maurice  Bernardin "  1861 

Duke  of  Wellington "  1864 

Exposition  de  Brie "  1865 

Edward  Morren "  1868 

*  Guillot  fiere.     Lyons,  France. 
Introduced  his  first  variety  in  1842. 

Duchesse  de  Thuringe B.  1847 

Canary T.  1852 

Lord  Raglan H.R.  1854 

Senateur  Vaisse "  1859 

Mme.  Bellenden  _Ker H.N.  1866 

Monsieur  Noman H.R.  1867 

Mme.  Noman H.N.  1867 

Countess  of  Oxford H.R.  1869 

Eliza  Boelle H.N.  1869 

J.  B.  Guillot  fils.     Lyons,  France. 
Introduced  his  first  variety  in  1858. 

Mme.  Falcot T.  1858 

Horace  Vernet H.  R.  1866 

Mme.   Margottin T.  1866 

La  France H.T.  1867 

Eugenie  Verdier H.R.  1S69 

Catherine  Mermet T.  1869 

Comtesse  de  Nadaillac "  1871 

Abbe  Bramerel H.R.  1871 

Claire  Carnot N.  1873 

Aline  Sisley T.  1874 


140  THE   ROSE. 


Marie  Guillot T.  1874 

Paquerette Pol.  1875 

Mme.  Alex  Bernaix H.T.  1877 

Mme.  Angele  Jacquier T.  1879 

Pierre  Guillot H.T.  1879 

*  Guinoiseau.     France. 

Empereur  de  Maroc H.R.  1858 

*  Hardy.     Paris,  France. 

Mme.    Hardy Dam.  1832 

Bon  Silene T.  1839 

Triomphe  de  Luxembourg "  ■ 

*  Harrison.     (Amateur.)     New  York. 

Harrison's  Yellow • A.  1830 

*  Jacotot.     (Amateur. )     France. 

Gloire  de  Dijon Cl.T.  1853 

Hippolyte  Jamain.     Paris,  France. 

Mme.  Boutin H.R.  1861 

Dupuy  Jamain "  1868 

Constantin  Tretiakoff "  1877 

Paul  Jamain "  1878 

*  Knight.     England. 

Princess  Louise  Victoria H.C1.  1872 

Francois  Lacharme.     Lyons,  France. 
Introduced  his  first  variety  in  1844. 

Victor  Verdier H.R.  1852 

Salet P.M.  1854 

Paeonia H.R.  1855 


RAISERS  OF  THE  BEST  ROSES.  141 

Anne  de  Diesbach H.  R.  1858 

Charles  Lefebvre "  1861 

Mme.  A.  de  Rougemont H.N.  1862 

Xavier  Olibo H .  R.  1864 

Alfred  Colomb "  1865 

Baronne  de  Maynard H.N.  1865 

Coquette  des  Alpes "  1867 

Boule  de  Neige "  1867 

Louis  Van  Houtte H.R.  1869 

Coquette  des  Blanches H.N.  1871 

Mme.  Lacharme.    Hy.  China  1872 

Captain  Christy H.T.  1873 

Hippolyte  Jamain H.R.  1874 

Countess  of  Serenye "  1874 

Jean  Soupert "  1875 

Mme.  Lambard T.  1877 

Catherine  Soupert H.R.  1879 

Julius  Finger H.T.  1879 

*  Laffay.     Belle vue,  France. 

Mme.    Laffay H.R.  1839 

William  Jesse "  1840 

Duchess  of  Sutherland "  1840 

La  Reine "  1844 

Princess  Adelaide M.  1845 

Coupe  d'Hebe Hy. China        

Auguste  Mie H.  R.  1851 

Laneii M.  1854 

Capt.  John  Ingram M  1856 

Monsieur  Furtado T.  1863 

*  Lansezenr.     France. 

Triomphe  de  Rennes N.  1857 


i42  THE    ROSE. 


Thomas  Laxton.     Bedford,  England. 

Annie  Laxton H.R.         1869 

Princess  Louise 

Empress  of  India 

Emily  Laxton 

Marchioness  of  Exeter 

Mrs.  Laxton 

Richard  Laxton 

Charles  Darwin 

Doctor  Hogg 

Mrs.  Harry  Turner 


1869 
1876 

1877 

1877 

1878 
1878 

1879 
1880 
1880 


*  Ldcomte.     France. 

Marechal  Vaillant H.R.  1861 

Lede'chaux.     France. 

Henri  Ledechaux H.R.  1868 

Madame  Ferdinand  Janin   "  1875 

Leon  Renault "  1878 

Antoine  Levet.     Lyons,  France. 
Introduced  his  first  variety  in  1866. 

Mademoiselle  Therese  Levet H.R.  1866 

Belle  Lyonnaise Cl.T.  1869 

Madame  Trifle "  1869 

Paul   Neyron H.R.  1869 

Madame  Berard Cl.T.  1870 

Madame  Jules  Margottin T.  1871 

Francois  Michelon H.  R.  1871 

Madame  Francois  Janin T.  1872 

Perle  des  Jardins "  1874 

Antoine  Mouton H.R.  1874 


KAISERS  OF  THE  BEST  ROSES.  143 

Marie  Berton Cl.T.  1875 

Madame  Etienne  Levet Hy.T.  1878 

Mademoiselle  Brigitte  Violet "  1878 

Reine  Marie  Henriette CI.  T.  1878 

Madame  Ducher H.R.  1879 

Francois  Levet "  1880 

Leveque  &*  Son.     Ivry,  near  Paris,  France. 

Due  de  Rohan H.R.  1861 

Emile  Hausburgh "  1868 

Devienne  Lamy "  1868 

Richard  Wallace "  1871 

Madame  Louise  Leveque "  1873 

Avocat  Duvivier "  1875 

Princess  Charlotte "  1877 

Gaston  Leveque "  1878 

Madame  Chedane  Guinoiseau T.  1880 

Liaband.     Lyons,  France. 

Introduced  his  first  variety  in  1852. 

Madame  Clemence  Joigneaux H.R.  1861 

Jean  Cherpin "  1865 

Marquise  de  Mortemart "  1868 

Baron  de  Bonstetten "  1871 

Jean  Liabaud "  1875 

Mademoiselle   Emma  Hall "  1876 

Madame  de  Laboulaye "  1877 

Madame  Gabriel  Luizet "  1878 

Claude  Bernard "  1878 

*  Mar  est.     France. 

Comtesse  Cecile  de  Chabrillant H.R.  1859 


144  THE    ROSE. 

Mar  got  ti?t  pere.     Paris,  France. 

Louise  Odier B.  1851 

Alexandrine  Bachmetieff H.R.         1852 

Jules  Margottin 

Triomphe  de  1' Exposition 

Anne  Alexieff 

Charles  Margottin 

Charles  Turner 

Madame  de  Ridder 

Triomphe  de  France H 

Madame  Jeanne  Joubert B.  1877 

Gloire  de  Bourg  La  Reine H.R.         1879 


1853 
1855 
1858 
1864 
1869 
1871 
R.   1875 


Margottin  fits.     Paris,  France. 

Comte  de  Mortemart H.R.  1880 

Madame  Isaac  Pereire B.  1880 

Moreau-Robert.     Angers,  France. 

Sombreuil T.  1851 

Madame  Edward  Ory P.M.  1854 

Homer T.  1859 

Rubens "  1859 

Blanche  Moreau M.  1880 

Mottheau.     France. 

Comtesse  de  Choiseuil H.R.  1878 

Nabonna7id.     Golfe  Juan,  France. 

Duchess  of  Edinburgh  (sent  out  by 

Veitch) Hy.Beng.  1874 

Cannes  La  Coquette  Hy.  T.  1877 

La  Princesse  Vera T.  1878 

Duchesse  de  Vallombrosa "  1879 


RAISERS  OF  THE  BEST  ROSES. 


145 


*  Nerard.     France. 
Giant  of  Battles H.R. 


1846 


Oger.     France. 

Triomphe  de  Beaute H.R.  1853 

Madame  Pierre  Oger B.  1878 

Has  sent  out  upward  of  25  varieties,  none 
being  of  first  quality. 

Paul  &*  Son  (George  Paul) .     Cheshunt,  Eng. 

Lord  Clyde H.R.  1863 

Duke  of  Edinburgh "  1868 

Climbing  Victor  Verdier "  1871 

Cheshunt  Hybrid H.T.  1872 

S.  Reynolds  Hole H.R.  1872 

The  Shah "  1874 

Duke  of  Connaught "  1875 

Climbing  Bessie  Johnson "  1878 

John  Bright "  1878 

Climbing  Edward  Morren "  1879 

Marquis  of  Salisbury "  1879 

DukeofTeck "  1880 

Glory  of  Cheshunt "  1880 

Wni.  Paul  <Sn>  Son.     Waltham  Cross,  Eng. 

Beauty  of  Waltham H.R.  1862 

Lord  Macaulay "  1863 

Princess  Beatrice "  1872 

Peach  Blossom  "  1874 

Queen  of  Waltham "  1875 

Star  of  Waltham "  1875 

Magna  Charta "  1876 

10 


146  THE    ROSE. 


Queen  Eleanor H.R.  1876 

Rosy  Morn "  1878 

R.  Dudley  Baxter "  1879 

Crown  Prince "  1880 

Masterpiece "  1880 

James  Pentla?id.     Baltimore,  Md. 

Doctor  Kane N.  1856 

George  Peabody B.  1857 

J.  Pernet.     Lyons,  France. 

Mademoiselle  Bonnaire H.N.  1859 

Jean  Pernet T.  1867 

Baroness  Rothschild H.R.  1867 

Marquise  de  Castellane "  1869 

Mme.  Caroline  Kuster N.  1873 

Soupert-et-Notting P.M.  1874 

Souvenir  de  Mme.  Pernet T.  1875 

Charles  Rovolli "  1875 

Wilhelm  Kcelle H.R.  1878 

Ferdinand  Chaffolte "  1879 

*  Joshua  Pierce.     Washington,  D.  C. 

Mrs.  Hovey P.  1850 

Triumphant "  1850 

*  Portemer. 
Introduced  his  first  variety  about  1837. 

William  Griffith H.R.  1850 

Lady  Stuart Hy.Ch.  1852 

Pierre  Notting H.R.  1863 


RAISERS  OF  THE  BEST  ROSES.  147 

R.  B.  Posta?is.     England. 

May  Quennel H.  R.  1878 

Countess  of  Roseberry u  xg7g 

Duchess  of  Bedford "  jgyq 

*  Pradel.     France. 

Marechal  Niel ^.  1864 

*  Rambeaux.     France. 

Marie  Finger H.R.  1873 

Anne  Marie  de  Montravel Pol.  1879 

*  Rousselet.     France. 

General  Jacqueminot H.R.  1853 

*  Sansal.     France. 

Marguerite  de  St.  Amand H.R.  1864 

Joseph  Schwartz.     Lyons,  France. 

Auguste  Rigotard H.R.  1871 

Andre  Dunand «  jg- 

Duchesse  de  Vallombrosa "  xg75 

Comtesse  Riza  du  Pare T.  1876 

Marquise  Adele  de  Murinais H.R.  1876 

A.  K.   Williams «  lSy. 

ESeria "  1878 

Jules  Chretien «  lg7g 

Lord  Beaconsfield "  jg-g 

Madame  Auguste  Perrin H.  N.  1878 

Madame  Oswald  de  Kerchove "  ^q 

Reine  Maria  Pia Cl.T.  1880 


148  THE  ROSE. 


Rev.  James  Sprunt  %  D.D.     Kenansville,  N.  C. 

James  Sprunt Beng.  1858 

Isabella  Sprunt T.  1865 

*  Touvais.     France. 

Due  de  Cazes H.R.  i860 

M me.  Julie  Daran "  1861 

Centifolia   Rosea "  1863 

*  Trouillard.     Angers,   France. 

Eugene  Appert H.R.  1859 

Mrs.  Standish "  i860 

Celine  Forestier N.  i860 

Charles  Turner.     Slough,  England. 

JohnS.  Mill H.R.  1874 

Royal   Standard "  1874 

Miss  Hassard "  1875 

Rev.  J.  B.  M.  Camm "  1875 

Oxonian "  1875 

Mrs.  Baker "  1875 

Dean  of  Windsor "  1879 

Dr.  Sewell "  1879 

Harrison  Weir "  1879 

*  Vanasche.     France. 

Leopold  Premier H.R.  1863 

Chas.    Verdier.     Paris. 

Duchesse  de  Caylus H.R.  1864 

Paul  Verdier Hy.Ch.  1866 


RAISERS  OF  THE  BEST  ROSES.  149 

Eugene  Verdier.     Paris. 

Madame  Chas.  Wood H.R.  1861 

Prince  Camille  de  Rohan "  1861 

Madame  Victor  Verdier "  1863 

George  Prince "  1864 

Doctor  Andry "  1864 

Fisher  Holmes "  1865 

Prince  de  Portia "  1865 

Annie  Wood "  1866 

Thomas  Mills "  1873 

E.  Y.  Teas "  1874 

Abel  Carriere "  1875 

Charles  Baltet "  1877 

Madame  Alphonse  Lavallee "  1878 

Madame  Eugene  Verdier , .     "  1878 

Souvenir  de  Victor  Verdier "  1878 

Comtesse  de  Ludre "  1879 

*  Victor  Verdier.     Paris. 
Introduced  his  first  variety  in  1828. 

Douglass Beng.  1848 

Apolline Bourb.  1848 

Jacques  Vig?ieron.     Orleans,  France. 

Elizabeth  Vigneron H.R.  1865 

Glory  of  Waltham  (sent  out  by  W. 

Paul) Hy.Cl.  1865 

*  Vibert.     Paris. 

Aimee  Vibert N.  1828 

Countess  of  Murinais M.  1843 

Blanchefleur Prov.  1846 

Glory  of  Mosses M.  1852 


i5o  THE    ROSE. 


Vzennot.     France. 
Marechal  Vaillant H.R.         1861 

Ward.     Ipswich,  England. 
John  Hopper H.R.         1862 

The  standing  of  the  various  rosarians,  now 
in  business,  who  have  sent  out  two  or  more 
sorts  of  good  repute,  is  here  placed  in  order 
of  merit. 

1.  Lacharme.     Victor    Verdier,    Alfred    Co- 

lomb,  Coquette  des  Alpes,  Charles  Lefe- 
bvre,  are  varieties  of  marked  individu- 
ality, produced  by  him.  He  has  sent 
out  fewer  poor  or  indifferent  sorts  than 
any  other  large  grower.  He  raises  few 
Teas. 

2.  Guillot  fils.     In  La  France  and  Catherine 

Mermet,  he  has  given  us  new  types  of 
wondrous  beauty.  Horace  Vernet, 
Eugenie  Verdier,  and  Marie  Guillot,  are 
sorts  scarcely  less  fine.  He  furnishes 
about  equal  numbers  of  Teas  and  Hy- 
brid Remontants. 

3.  E.  Verdier.     Has  sent  out  no  Teas  except 

Marechal  Niel,  but  many  more  hardy 
kinds  than  any  other  grower.  Most  of 
those  which  have  any  value  are  crimson 
sorts.     While  he  has  issued  far  too  many 


RAISERS  OF  THE  BEST  ROSES.       151 

indifferent  kinds,  and  so  has  injured  his 
record,  we  cannot  but  be  grateful  to  him 
for  the  lovely  dark  roses  he  has  given  us, 
like  Prince  Camille,  Mme.  Victor  Ver- 
dier,  and  Fisher  Holmes. 

4.  A.  Levet.      F.   Michelon    and    Perle    des 

Jardins  are  his  greatest  gains.  He  is 
profuse  in  his  production  of  climbing 
Teas  of  the  Dijon  type. 

5.  Ducher.     Strong  in  Teas. 

6.  Paul  &  Son  (George  Paul).     Has  given  us 

some  dark  kinds  of  wondrous  beauty, 
but  they  do  not  thrive  in  our  extreme 
climate.  Perhaps  some  of  his  newer 
ones  will  be  better  adapted  to  our  re- 
quirements. We  miss  very  much  in  not 
being  able  to  grow  well  S.  Reynolds 
Hole,  etc. 

7.  Schwartz.     A.  K.  Williams  and  Egeria  are 

among  the  most  beautiful  roses,  but  lack 
a  good  constitution.  Mesdames  Auguste 
Perrin  and  Oswald  de  Kerchove  are  new 
types,  valuable  additions  to  the  Hybrid 
Noisette  family. 

8.  Wm.  Paul    &    Son.     Although    this   firm 

have  sent  out  no  roses  of  sensational 
beauty,  they  have  given  some  that  have 
been  useful  in  their  day. 

9.  Laxton.     Those  of  his  raising  and  Charles 


152  THE    ROSE. 


Turner's  are,  so  far,  the  most  useful 
English  roses  for  our  climate. 

10.  Pernet.  Baroness  Rothschild  and  Sou- 
pert-et-Notting  are  his  distinctive  sorts. 

ii.  Turner.  A  raiser  with  an  active  con- 
science.    Would  there  were  more ! 

12.  Margottin.  His  roses  have  at  least  been 
distinct. 

13.  Liabaud.  In  the  contest  for  supremacy 
has  brought  out  some  dark  horses  that 
have  some  years  won  the  race. 

14.  Bennett. 

15.  Moreau-Robert. 

16.  Damaizin. 

17.  Leveque. 

18.  Granger. 

19.  Cranston  &  Co. 

20.  Postans. 

21.  Gonod. 

22.  Sprunt. 

23.  Nabonnand.  This  gentleman  has  sent 
out  some  seventy  varieties,  mostly  Teas, 
but  for  some  reason  (is  it  lack  of  merit?) 
they  have  not  taken  well  with  the  public. 

24.  Garcon. 

25.  Jamain. 

26.  Rambaux. 

27.  Gautreau. 

28.  Ledechaux. 


RAISERS  OF  THE  BEST  ROSES.       153 

29.  Charles  Verdier. 

30.  Vigneron. 

31.  Margottin  fils. 

32.  Oger.  Last  and  least,  is  one  of  the  oldest 
raisers  who  has  sent  out  a  large  number 
of  sorts,  but  the  rose  public,  perhaps  be- 
ing prejudiced,  have  never  seen  merit  in 
anything  he  has  produced. 

Lest  this  list  of  raisers  may  seem  to  have 
been  too  arbitrarily  arranged,  we  subjoin  a 
list  gauged  according  to  the  number  and 
standing  of  the  varieties  which  represent 
them  (the  raisers),  as  given  in  the  election  of 
exhibition  roses,  held  in  England  last  sum- 
mer. The  result  of  this  election  was  pub- 
lished in  the  Jourtial  of  Horticulture,  October 
6th,  1 88 1,  the  best  twelve  varieties  standing 
in  the  following  order  of  merit :  Marie  Bau- 
mann,  Alfred  Colomb,  Baroness  Rothschild, 
Charles  Lefebvre,  Marquise  de  Castellane, 
Duke  of  Edinburgh,  Louis  Van  Houtte, 
Marechal  Niel,  Marie  Rady,  La  France,  A. 
K.  Williams,  Etienne  Levet.  The  names  of 
eighty-eight  varieties  are  noted,  and  the 
total  number  of  votes  giving  the  several 
varieties  of  each  raiser  determine  the  relative 
standing  of  the  raisers.  The  names  of  those 
rosarians  now  living,  as  gauged  by  this  elec- 
tion, rank  in  the  following  order: 


154 


THE    ROSE. 


I. 

2. 

3- 

4- 

5- 
6. 

7- 
8. 

9- 
io. 

ii. 

12. 

13- 
14. 

IS- 
16. 

17. 
18. 
ip. 
20. 
21. 
22. 

23- 
24. 

25. 


E.  Verdier 12  sorts 423  votes. 


Lacharme 11 


Guillot  fils 

Levet 

Paul  &  Son .... 

Pernet  

Schwartz 

W.  Paul  &  Son. 

Granger 3 

Baumann 1 

Jamain 2 

Liabaud 2 

Leveque 3 

Turner 3 

Laxton 3 

Ducher 

Gautreau.  . . . 

Ward 

Cranston .... 
Rambaux  . . . 

Postans 

Damaizin.. . . 

Gargon 

Davis 

C.  Fontaine  . 


409 
204 

,  146 
140 

,132 
112 
101 

.   68 

67 
,  64 
,  63 

57 

•  43 
40 

36 
34 
34 
28 
26 
22 
.   20 

15 
11 
10 


It  is  to  be  noted  that  Tea  Roses,  in  the 
election,  play  an  unimportant  part,  as  in 
England  they  are  mostly  grown  under  glass, 


RAISERS  OF  THE  BEST  ROSES.       155 

and  for  exhibition  purposes  are  only  to  be 
had  in  small  quantities.  Some  voters  did  not 
consider  the  Teas  at  all,  confining  their  votes 
to  hardy  varieties,  doing  this  on  account  of 
the  radical  .differences  which  exist  between 
the  two  classes.  This  has  an  important  bear- 
ing in  estimating  the  comparative  standing 
of  the  various  growers ;  thus,  Ducher' s  forte 
has  been  the  production  of  fine  Tea  Roses, 
and  this  last  list  does  not  give  him  his  just 
position.  We  must  consider  it  therefore 
from  the  standpoint  of  hardy  exhibition  vari- 
eties; in  doing  this,  we  find  an  interesting 
impartial  comparison.  Seven  raisers  named 
in  our  list  find  no  representation  in  the  elec- 
tion list,  these  are  Sprunt,  Nabonnand,  Le- 
dechaux,  Charles  Verdier,  Vigneron,  Mar- 
gottin  fils,  and  Oger.  We  believe  our  own 
list  to  represent  more  correctly  the  compara- 
tive merit  of  the  various  producers  of  new 
roses;  but  the  latter,  as  has  been  said,  is 
certainly  impartial,  and  is  the  more  gladly 
inserted,  to  show  that  we  have  no  bias  that 
influenced  us  in  our  arrangement. 


XIII. 

THE   SEED   PARENTS    OF   THE   LEADING   ROSES. 

UR  information,  whenever  possible, 
has  been  obtained  from  the  raisers 
themselves;  there  may  be  some 
inaccuracies,  but  great  pains  have 
been  taken  to  make  the  list  as  comprehensive 
and  correct  as  possible.  It  will  be  observed 
that  General  Jacqueminot,  Jules  Margottin, 
and  Victor  Verdier  have  been  the  most  used 
as  parent  sorts.  While  we  hope  this  list  will 
be  of  general  interest,  it  will,  we  are  sure, 
be  of  value  to  those  engaged  in  raising 
new  varieties.  Seme  few  of  the  varieties 
are  crosses  from  two  known  sorts,  but  only 
the  female  parent  is  given ;  this  is  the  case 
with  all  the  Hybrid  Teas  of  Bennett ;  the  full 
parentage  of  these  kinds  maybe  found  in  the 
catalogue  of  varieties.  It  must  not  be  in- 
ferred that  all  the  varieties  that  bear  seed 
freely  are  included  in  this  list ;  on  the  con- 
trary, some  of  the  most  productive  have  no 
representation — such   are    Baron    Chaurand, 

156 


SEED  PARENTS  OF  LEADING  ROSES.  157 

Jean  Cherpin,  Dr.  de  Chains,  Thomas  Mills ; 
while  Victor  Verdier  and  Giant  of  Battles, 
which  seem  to  seed  freely  in  Lyons,  France, 
rarely  bring  seed  to  perfection  in  Rochester. 

Alba  Rosea  (Tea). — Beauty  of  Stapleford 
(Hy.  Tea),  Nancy  Lee  (Hy.  Tea). 

Anne  de  Diesbach. — Princess  Marie  Dolgo- 
rouky. 

Annie  Wood. — Edward  Dnfour. 

Antoine  Ducher. — Edward  Pynaert,  Ernest 
Prince,  John  Saul. 

Baroness  Rothschild. — Marie  Louise  Pernet. 

Baron  de  Bonstetten. — Jean  Liabaud. 

Beauty  of  Waltham. — John  Stuart  Mill, 
Masterpiece. 

Catherine Mer met  (Tea). — Jules  Finger. 

Charles  Lefebvre. — General  Von  Moltke, 
Glory  of  Cheshunt,  Harrison  Weir,  Henry 
Bennett,  Jean  Soupert,  Mme.  Anna  de  Beso- 
brasoff,  Mrs.  Harry  Turner,  President  Leon 
de  St.  Jean,  Rev.  W.  H.  Stomers,  Souvenir 
du  Dr.  Jamain,  W.  Wilson  Saunders. 

Cloth  of  Gold  (Noisette). — Isabella  Gray, 
Mme.  Miolan  Carvalho. 

Comtessede  la  Barthe  (Tea). — Countess  Riza 
du  Pare,  Mme.  Joseph  Schwartz. 

Countess  of  Oxford.  —  Dumnacus,  Mme, 
Bruel. 


158  THE    ROSE. 

Devoniensis  (Tea). — Cornelia  Koch,  Ma- 
dame Welche. 

Duchess  of  Sutherland. — Elizabeth  Vigne- 
ron,  Princess  M.  of  Cambridge,  Thyra  Ham- 
merich. 

Duchess  of  Edinburgh  (Bengal  or  Tea). — 
Alphonse  Karr. 

Duke  of  Edinburgh. — Doctor  Hooker,  Duke 
of  Teck,  Robert  Marnock,  S.  Reynolds  Hole, 
Sultan  of  Zanzibar,  The  Shah. 

General  Jacqueminot. — Alfred  Colomb,  Al- 
fred de  Rougemont,  Andre  Leroy,  Baron 
de  Rothschild,  Camille  Bernardin,  Charles 
Lefebvre,  Duke  of  Edinburgh,  Dupuy  J  amain, 
Gloire  de  Santhenay,  Horace  Vernet,  Le 
Rhone,  Leopold  Premier,  Maurice  Bernardin, 
Oriflamme  de  St.  Louis,  Prince  Arthur, 
Richard  Smith,  Senateur  Vaisse,  Triomphe 
des  Beaux  Arts,  Xavier  Olibo. 

Giant  of  Battles. — Abbe  Bramerel,  Arthur 
de  Sansal,  Cardinal  Patrizzi,  Empereur  de 
Maroc,  Eugene  Appert,  Eveque  de  Nimes, 
Lord  Raglan,  Louis  Chaix,  Mrs.  Standish, 
Vainqueur  de  Solferino. 

Gloire  de  Dijon  (Tea). — Antonia  Decarli, 
Beaute  de  l'Europe,  Belle  Lyonnaise,  Gloire 
de  Bordeaux,  Jean  Lorthois,  Mme.  Berard, 
Mme.    Levet,    Mme.    Trifle,    Marie    Berton, 


SEED  PARENTS  OF  LEADING  ROSES.  159 

Mathilde   Lenaerts,  Miss   May    Paul,  Reine 
Maria  Pia,  Stephanie  et  Rodolphe. 

John  Hopper. — Ambrogio  Maggi. 

Jules  Margottin. — Abel  Grand,  Achille 
Gonod,  Berthe  Baron,  Boieldieu,  Charles 
Margottin,  Claude  Bernard,  Duchess  of  Val- 
lombrosa,  Edward  Morren,  Egeria,  Emily  Lax- 
ton,  John  Hopper,  Madame  Gabriel  Luizet, 
Madame  Lacharme,  Marchioness  of  Exeter, 
Marguerite  de  St.  Amande,  Marquise  de 
Mortemart,  Monsieur  Noman,  Paeonia,  Peach 
Blossom,  Violette  Bouyer. 

La  Reine. — Anne  de  Diesbach,  Auguste 
Mie,  Frangois  Michelon,  Gloire  de  Vitry, 
Louise  Peyronny,  Marguerite  Dombrain, 
Mere  de  St.  Louis,  Reine  des  Blanches,  Reine 
du  Midi,  Souvenir  de  la  Reine  d'Angleterre, 
Ville  de  St.  Denis. 

Lainarque  (Noisette). — Cloth  of  Gold,  La 
Jonquille  (Tea),  Le  Pactole,  Solfaterre, 
Triomphe  de  Rennes. 

Lion  des  Combats. — A.  M.  Ampere. 

Louise  Odier  (Bourbon). — Catherine  Guillot, 
Comtesse  de  Barbantanne,  Modele  de  Per- 
fection. 

Madame  Boutin. — Madame  Marthe  d'Hal- 
loy. 

Madame  Charles  Wood. — Guillaume  Gille- 
mont. 


i6o  THE    ROSE. 


Madame  de  Tartas  (Tea). — Baron  Alex- 
andre de  Vrints,  Marie  Van  Hontte. 

Madame  de  St.  Joseph  (Tea). — Hon.  George 
Bancroft  (Hy.  Tea). 

Mada?ne  Falcot  (Tea). — Madame  Azelie 
Imbert,  Madame  Bernard,  Mile.  Blanche 
Durschmidt. 

Madame  Julie  Varan. — Charles  Darwin. 

Madanie  Laffay. — Marquise  A.  de  Murinais. 

Madame  Recamier. — Eliza  Boelle,  Madame 
Noman. 

Madame  Victor  Verdier — Comte  de  Flandres, 
Mrs.  Laxton,  Souvenir  de  Spa. 

Madame  Vidot. — Princess  Louise. 

Marguerite  de  St.  Amande. — Miss  Hassard. 

Marie  Rady. — Mrs.  Jowitt. 

Ophirie  (Noisette). — Duarte  d'Oliveira,  Ma 
Capucine,  Souvenir  de  Paul  Neyron. 

Paul  Neyron. — George  Moreau,  Ulrich 
Brunner. 

President  (Tea). — Duchess  of  Connaught, 
Duchess  of  Westminster,  Duke  of  Connaught, 
Jean  Sisley,  Michael  Saunders,  Pearl,  Vis- 
countess Falmouth.  These  are  all  Hybrids, 
raised  by  Bennett. 

Safrano  (Tea). — Madame  Charles,  Madame 
Falcot,  Safrano  a  fleur  rouge. 

Sinateur  Vaisse. — Anicet  Bourgeois,  Ma- 
dame Adelaide  Cote. 


SEED  PARENTS  OF  LEADING  ROSES.   161 


Solfaterre  (Noisette).— America,  Caroline 
Schmitt. 

Souvenir  de  la  Reine  d'  Angleterre.—  Mdlle. 
Emma  Hall,  Monsieur  Jules  Monges. 

Souvenir  de  la  Reine  des  Beiges.— Madame 
Crassy. 

Triomphe  des  Beaux  Arts.—  Empress  of 
India. 

Triomphe  de  V 'Exposition.— -General  Wash- 
ington, Marechal  Forey,  President  Mas,  Ma- 
dame Jules  Grevy. 

Victor  Verdier.—  Andre  Dunand,  Captain 
Christy,  Charles  Verdier,  Countess  of  Oxford, 
Etienne  Levet,  Helen  Paul,  Hippolyte 
Jamain,  Julius  Finger,  Madame  Devert, 
Madame  George  Schwartz,  Madame  Marie 
Bianchi,  Mademoiselle  Eugenie  Verdier, 
Mademoiselle  Marie  Cointet,  Marie  Finger, 
Maxime  de  la  Rocheterie,  Mrs.  Baker, 
Oxonian,  Paul  Neyron,  President  Thiers, 
Souvenir  du  President  Porcher. 

Yellow  Tea. — Devoniensis. 
ii 


XIV. 

PERMANENT  COLORS — TOO-MUCH-ALIKE  ROSES. 
HOW  TO  DISTINGUISH  BETWEEN  SIMILAR 
VARIETIES. 

MONG  the  many  desirable  qualities 
which  we  should  look  for  in  our 
best  roses,  permanency  of  color  is 
not  the  least  important.  I  have 
reference  more  particularly  to  the  Remontant 
or  Hybrid  Perpetual  varieties ;  but  my  re- 
marks will  also  apply  to  the  other  classes, 
though  perhaps  in  less  degree.  It  has  no 
doubt  often  been  noticed  how  differently  the 
various  varieties  of  roses  will  impress  us  in 
different  seasons ;  that  is,  a  kind  which  ex- 
cites our  highest  admiration  one  year  may 
more  or  less  disappoint  us  the  next.  This 
arises  from  various  causes,  but  chief  among 
them  is  the  variation  in  color  produced  by 
different  conditions  of  sunlight,  heat,  mois- 
ture, etc.  To  know  what  are  the  most  perma- 
nent colors  among  the  innumerable  varieties 
found  in  the  catalogues  becomes,  therefore, 

162 


PERMANENT   COLORS.  163 


a  matter  of  considerable  importance,  enabling 
us  to  place  in  favored  situations  those  sorts 
easily  affected  by  these  several  conditions, 
and,  if  necessary,  giving  positions  exposed 
to  the  direct  rays  of  the  sun  to  those  varieties 
which  have  proved  best  able  to  endure  them. 
The  most  severe  ordeal  which  tries  the  color 
of  a  rose  is  an  excess  of  moisture  followed 
by  a  hot  sun.     Exposed  to  these  conditions 
many  of  our  choicest  sorts,  of  which  Charles 
Lefebvre  and  Countess  of  Oxford  are  notable 
examples,   lose  their    pristine    brilliancy  or 
purity,   and  become    lamentably  faded   and 
sullied.     Others,  like  Louis  Van  Houtte  and 
Marie    Baumann,   are    under    such   circum- 
stances much  less  injured,  and  though  losing 
some  of  their  original  freshness  still  remain 
exceedingly  attractive.     Dark  roses  are,   as 
a  rule,  the  first  to  fade;    their  glory  passes 
away  very  much  sooner  than  is  the  case  with 
the  rose-colored  varieties  and  those  of  light 
shades.     Among  the  crimson  sorts  we  have 
observed  none  which  retains  its  color  so  well 
as  Louis  Van  Houtte ;  this  quality,  combined 
with  fine  form,    fragrance,    and  freedom  of 
bloom,  places  it  at  the  head  of  all  crimson- 
maroon  roses.     Varieties  of  somewhat  lighter 
shade    that   rank  high    for    permanency    of 
color    are,     General    Jacqueminot,    Charles 


1 64  THE    ROSE. 


Margottin,  Marie  Baumann,  Alfred  Colomb. 
Among  the  shades  of  rose  that  are  most  du- 
rable, we  find  Marquise  de  Castellane,  Rev.  J. 
B.  M.  Camm,  Madame  Louis  Leveque,  Mar- 
guerite de  St.  Amand,  Jules  Margottin. 

From  the  pink  sorts  we  choose  Eugenie 
Verdier,  Egeria,  Monsieur  Noman,  Baroness 
Rothschild,  Captain  Christy,  Countess  of 
Serenye. 

Among  roses  that  fade  quickly  when  ex- 
posed to  the  adverse  influences  spoken  of, 
are  found  many  of  our  most  beautiful  varie- 
ties ;  by  taking  pains  to  place  these  in  the 
most  favored  locations  we  can  aid  in  retain- 
ing the  natural  shades,  and  thus  greatly  en- 
hance the  value  of  each  kind.  All  of  the 
Victor  Verdier  type,  except  the  light  ones 
like  Eugenie  Verdier;  all  of  the  Giant  of 
Battles  type,  all  of  the  Duke  of  Edinburgh 
type,  all  of  the  Charles  Lefebvre  family,  Dr. 
Andry,  Gloire  de  Ducher,  Madame  de  Ridder, 
Andre  Dunand,  Camille  Bernardin,  Jean 
Cherpin,  Madame  Nachury,  Emilie  Haus- 
burgh,  are  examples  of  beautiful  but  non- 
permanent  colors. 

Synonymous,  or  too-much-alike  Roses. — 
A  drawback  to  the  purchase  of  new  varieties 
is  the  knowledge,  gained  from  past  experi- 
ence, that  a  large  number  of  those  sent  out 


PERMANENT  COLORS.  165 

as  new  sorts  are  not  sufficiently  distinct  from 
known  varieties  to  prove  of  any  value.  This 
is  notably  the  case  with  the  French  roses. 
In  England,  more  care  has  been  exercised 
in  disseminating  new  kinds  than  in  France, 
and  in  ordering  English  roses  we  can  do  so 
with  some  confidence  that  they  will  at  least 
be  distinct.  Before  enlarging  our  already 
cumbersome  list  of  varieties,  we  think  it  of 
great  importance  to  thoroughly  sift  the  sorts 
now  commonly  grown,  and  where  two  or 
more  varieties  bear  a  strong  resemblance  to 
each  other  in  the  appearance  of  the  floivers,  to 
reject  the  inferior  kinds.  As  roses  which 
are  synonymous,  or  too  much  alike,  as  re- 
gards the  form  and  color  of  the  flowers,  we 
note  the  following  kinds : 

Hybrid  Re?nontant. 

Alfred  Colomb  and  Wilhelm  Koelle. 
Anne  de  Diesbach  and  Gloire  de  Paris. 
Auguste  Mie,  Mme.  Rival,  and   Blanche  de 

Beaulieu. 
Baron  de  Bonstetten  and  Baron  Chaurand. 
Boieldieu  and  Mme.  Boll. 
Charles  Lefebvre  and  Marguerite  Brassac. 
Countess  Cecile  and  William  Griffith. 
Coquette  des  Blanches,  Baronne  de   May- 


1 66  THE    ROSE. 


nard,     Louise     d'Arzens,     Mme.    A.   de 

Rougemont,  and  Perfection  des  Blanches. 
Egeria,  Princess  Mary  of  Cambridge,  and 

Peach  Blossom. 
♦Eugenie  Verdier,  Marie  Finger,  and  Mme. 

Louis  Donadine. 
♦E.  Y.  Teas,  Senateur  Vaisse,  and  Francois 

Fontaine. 
General   Jacqueminot,    La   Brillante,    Tri- 

omphe  d'Amiens,  Triomphe  de  Beaute, 

and  Richard  Smith. 
General   Washington   and   President   Lin- 
coln. 
♦Hippolyte    Jamain,    Etienne    Levet,   and 

President  Thiers. 
La  Reine  and  Reine  du  Midi. 
La     Rosiere,     Prince     Camille,    Edouard 

Dufour,  and  Souvenir  d' Auguste  Riviere. 
Louise  Peyronny  and  Laelia. 
Lyonnaise,    Mme.   George    Schwartz,    and 

Mile.  F.  de  la  Forest. 
Madame  Boutin  and  Christine  Nilsson. 
Madame  Joly  and  Michael  Bonnet. 
Marechal   Vaillant,   Avocat  Duvivier,  and 

Pourpre  d' Orleans. 
♦Maurice    Bernardin,    Exposition  de  Brie, 

Ferdinand   de   Lesseps,   and  Sir  Garnet 

Wolseley. 
Madame  Noman  and  Mile.  Bonnaire. 


PERMANENT   COLORS.  167 

Mrs.  Standish,  Cardinal  Patrizzi,  and  Vain- 

queur  de  Solferino. 
Miss  Hassard,  Elizabeth  Vigneron,  Duchess 

of  Edinburgh,  and  Duchesse  de  Vallom- 

brosa. 
Portland  Blanche  and  Blanche  Vibert. 
Souvenir  de    la   Reine    des   Beiges     and 

Prince  Albert. 

Tea  Roses. 
Adam  and  President. 
Bon  Silene  and  Goubault. 
Bougere  and  Clothilde. 
Caroline  and  Victoria  Modeste. 
Elise  Sauvage  and  L' Enfant  Trouve. 
Gloire    de    Dijon,    Antonia    Decarli,    and 

Mme.  Levet. 
Le  Pactole,  Louise  de  Savoie,  and  Marechal 

Beauregard. 
*Madame  Bravy,  Alba  Rosea,   and  Mme. 

Sertot. 
Madame  Francois  Janin  and  Mile.  Lazarine 

Poizeau. 
Madame  Joseph  Halphen,  Bella,   Isabella, 

Pauline     Plantier,     and     Arch-Duchess 

Therese  Isabelle. 
Madame  Maurin  and  Madame  Denis. 
Marie  Guillot  and  Triomphe  de  Milan. 
Narcisse  and  Enfant  de  Lyon. 


1 68  THE    ROSE. 


*Niphetos  and  Mathilde. 
Perle  des  Jardins  and  Perle  de  Lyon. 
Safrano  and  Madame  Charles. 
Souvenir  d'un  Ami  and  Queen  Victoria. 

Hybrid  Climbing. 

Fortune's  Yellow  and  Beauty  of  Glazen- 
wood. 

Bourbon. 

Apolline  and  Pierre  de  St.  Cyr. 

Catherine  Guillot  and  Michael  Bonnet. 

George  Peabody,  Cornice  de  Tarn-et- 
Garonne,  Dr.  Berthet,  Dr.  Lepretre, 
Ferdinand  Deppe,  General  Blanchard, 
Geo.  Cuvier,  Jupiter,  Omar  Pacha,  Pro- 
serpine, and  Souvenir  de  l'Exposition. 

Hermosa,  Armosa,  Mme.  Neumann,  and 
Setina. 

Louise  Odier  and  Madame  de  Stella. 

*Marechal  Villars  and  Belle  Isadore. 

Paul  Joseph  and  Charles  Martel. 

Phoenix  and  Yebles. 

Bengal. 
Agrippina,  Cramoisi-Superieur,  and  Eblou- 

issante. 
Antheros,  Buret,  Louis  Philippe,  President 

d'Olbecque,      Prince      Eugene,      Purple 

Crown,  and  Triumphant. 


PERMANENT  COLORS.  169 


Noisette. 

Champney's  Pink  Cluster,   Belle   Marseil- 
laise, and  Miss  Glegg. 
Gloth  of  Gold  and  Chromatella. 
Eugene  Pirolle  and  Admiral  Rigney. 
Fellenberg  and  Beauty  of  Greenmount. 
Isabella  Gray  and  Jane  Hardy. 
Lamarque  and  Jeanne  d'Arc. 
Solfaterre  and  Augusta. 

Moss. 

William  Lobb  and  Duchesse  d'Ystrie. 
Gracilis,  Prolific,  and  Charles  Morel. 
Oscar  Le  Clerc  and  Madame  Bouton. 

Many  of  these  roses  are  identical  in  all  re- 
spects save  name ;  the  others  are  certainly 
too  much  alike  to  be  grown,  even  in  the 
largest  collections;  for  though  there  may 
exist  some  considerable  difference  in  the 
habit  of  growth  of  a  few  of  those  coupled  to- 
gether, the  distinction  between  the  flowers  is 
exceedingly  slight,  such  as  can  be  observed 
by  experts  only.  I  have  in  every  case  placed 
first  the  variety  which  seems  on  the  whole 
the  most  worthy  of  being  retained;  in  a  few 
instances  I  have  found  it  difficult  to  make  a 
decision,  this  is  where  an  asterisk  (*)  is  pre- 
fixed to  the  name.     In  all  these  cases  (*)  we 


170  THE   ROSE. 

shall  make  further  study  of  the  slight  differ- 
ences which  exist  between  the  varieties  so  as 
to  determine  the  best ;  we  hope  to  have  the 
aid  of  others  in  this  matter. 

HOW      TO       DISTINGUISH       VARIETIES. — Old 

rosarians  may  need  no  instruction  in  this 
matter,  but  we  believe  some  useful  hints  may 
be  given  to  amateurs  who  find  difficulty  in 
ascertaining  the  difference  which  exists  be- 
tween varieties  that  resemble  each  other. 
The  chief  value  of  such  knowledge  is  in  the 
power  given  of  determining  what  sorts  should 
be  retained  as  the  best  of  their  type,  and 
what  rejected  as  similar  but  inferior  to  them. 
The  flower  is  naturally  the  first  to  claim  our 
attention ;  observe  first  the  color,  second  the 
form,  degree  of  fulness,  and  size,  third  the 
fragrance.  Next,  examine  the  vigor  and 
habit  of  growth,  whether  the  shoots  are  up- 
right or  spreading ;  the  joints  between  leaf- 
stalks, whether  close  together  (short  joints), 
or  widely  separated  (long  joints) ;  the  thorns, 
whether  they  be  many  or  few  in  num- 
ber, their  thickness,  length,  color,  whether 
straight  or  hooked ;  the  leaf-stalks  and  foliage, 
whether  the  leaflets  be  five,  seven,  nine,  or 
eleven  in  number ;  the  color  of  the  foliage 
and  bark,  sometimes  dark  green,  sometimes 
pale,   occasionally  brown   or    red;    further, 


PERMANENT  COLORS.  171 


whether  the  leaves  be  small  or  large,  round 
or  long,  indented  or  regular,  glaucous  and 
smooth,  or  curled  and  rough.  Then  also  we 
have  to  consider  the  productiveness  and  con- 
tinuity of  bloom,  and  the  hardiness  of  the 
plant.  A  year  ago  I  made  the  discovery  of 
a  fact  which  has  an  important  bearing  in  this 
matter.  The  majority  of  Hybrid  Remontant 
Roses  have  five  leaflets,  though  quite  a  num- 
ber of  kinds  in  the  class  are  freely  furnished 
with  seven.  My  discovery  was  this:  All 
Hybrid  Remontant  Roses  that  have  seven 
leaflets  are  light-colored  sorts,  rose-color, 
pink,  etc.  Excepting  A.  Geoffroy  St.  Hilaire 
there  is  no  red  or  crimson  Remontant  having 
seven  leaflets ;  by  this  I  do  not  mean  that  a 
leaf-stalk  of  a  red  or  crimson  sort  is  never 
furnished  with  more  than  five  leaflets ;  iso- 
lated cases  can  be  observed  where  seven  leaf- 
lets are  found,  just  as  four  and  five  leaved 
clover-stalks  now  and  then  come  to  notice. 

As  a  practical  illustration  of  our  comments 
on  how  to  distinguish  between  similar  varie- 
ties, we  invite  the  amateur  to  study  and  com- 
pare Alfred  Colomb,  Marie  Baumann,  and 
Marie  Rady ;  three  of  our  best  roses,  sorts 
which  have  many  qualities  in  common,  so 
much  so  that  the  inexperienced,  when  first  ob- 
serving them  together,  might  pronounce  them 


172  THE    ROSE. 


the  same  rose.  But  the  expert  at  once  sees 
distinctive  traits  that  separate  one  from  the 
other,  he  notices  that  Alfred  Colomb  is  the 
darkest  in  shade  of  the  three,  that  it  has  a 
more  globular,  pointed  bud  and  flower  than 
Marie  Baumann ;  that  the  wood  is  much  more 
smooth  than  the  others ;  that  late  in  the  season 
the  flowers  have  more  substance  and  are  of 
better  quality  than  Marie  Baumann.  So, 
early  in  the  year,  he  would  select  Marie 
Baumann  or  Marie  Rady  as  in  a  degree  the 
most  beautiful ;  the  former  more  circular  and 
symmetrical,  if  possible,  than  Alfred  Colomb ; 
the  latter  with  more  substance,  and  better 
filled  out.  And,  so  continuing  the  examina- 
tion, it  is  found  that  these  roses  are  suffi- 
ciently distinct,  one  from  the  other,  both  in 
flower  and  habit,  to  make  the  presence  of  all 
three  most  desirable  in  all  choice  collections. 
Now  take  up  Maurice  Bernardin  and  its  near 
relatives.  Very  close  and  minute  examina- 
tions enable  us  to  detect  variations  in  one 
way  and  another,  but  these  variations  are  so 
slight  that  we  come  to  the  decision  that  one 
name  will  answer  for  all.  It  takes  close  and 
continued  observation  to  determine  which  is 
most  worthy  of  retention.  The  choice  in  this 
case  certainly  lies  between  Maurice  Bernardin 
and    Ferdinand    de    Lesseps.       Sir    Garnet 


PERMANENT  COLORS.  173 

Wolseley  has  been  thought  a  trifle  fuller  and 
of  higher  finish  than  the  others,  but  it  is  less 
productive  and  more  tender.  A  study  of  the 
other  varieties  coupled  together  as  synony- 
mous or  too  much  alike,  will  develop  simi- 
lar conclusions. 


XV. 

TYPICAL  ROSES.  CHARACTERISTICS  WHICH 
ARE  COMMON  TO  CERTAIN  VARIETIES  IN 
DIFFERENT    CLASSES. 


] 


O  know  the  peculiarities  which 
pertain  to  certain  families  of  Hy- 
brid Remontant  and  other  roses, 
would  be  advantageous  to  differ- 
ent people  in  many  ways.  There  are  some 
types,  such  as  La  Reine,  Jules  Margottin, 
Victor  Verdier,  and  Giant  of  Battles  families, 
which  are  quite  marked  in  their  characteris- 
tics. If  all  new  roses  were  classified  or  de- 
scribed as  being  of  such  and  such  origin,  or 
as  belonging  to  a  certain  class,  it  would  be 
of  great  value.  The  nurseryman  is  unwill- 
ing, with  some  exceptions,  to  undertake  the 
propagation  of  a  kind  which  will  not  root  and 
grow  freely ;  he  also  desires  such  as  are  of 
healthy  habit  and  good  constitution,  in  ad- 
dition to  excellence  in  color  and  form  of 
flower.  The  amateur,  perhaps,  would  not 
knowingly    purchase    a    variety   devoid    of 

174 


TYPICAL    ROSES.  175 


fragrance,  or  one  which  is  not  a  free  autum- 
nal bloomer.  The  florist  would  require  that 
a  variety  should  be  of  steadfast  color,  one 
that  does  not  quickly  fade ;  or  that  it  should 
be  useful  to  force,  yielding  flowers  in  abun- 
dance, etc.  If,  therefore,  new  roses  were  de- 
scribed as  belonging  to  the  La  Reine  or 
Victor  Verdier  type,  we  should  have  some 
very  important  knowledge  of  their  qualities, 
since  these  roses  have  imparted  to  their  pro- 
geny certain  distinct  attributes  by  which 
they  may  readily  be  distinguished  from 
others.  A  consideration  of  the  different 
prominent  types  found  among  Hybrid  Re- 
montant and  other  classes  of  roses  may  be 
studied  with  interest  and  profit. 

Baronne  Prevost  Type.— The  year  1842 
ushered  in  to  rosarians  what  is  now  the  oldest 
type  of  roses  in  the  class,  viz. ,  Baronne  Pre- 
vost. It  is  not  a  numerous  family,  and  is 
also  of  less  importance  to  us  than  many  of 
the  others,  but  we  can  well  imagine  what 
pleasure  it  gave,  in  years  gone  by,  to  the 
rosarians  of  the  day.  This  type  makes  long, 
stout  shoots,  fortified  with  red  thorns  of  un- 
equal length,  but  generally  short;  foliage 
rather  oval,  somewhat  crimpled;  flowers 
large,  or  very  large,  of  flat  shape,  very  full, 
fragrant,  of  some  shade  of    rose.     It  is  the 


176  THE    ROSE. 


most  hardy  type  we  have.  The  varieties 
commonly  grown  are  Boieldieu,  Caroline  de 
Sansal,  Colonel  de  Rougemont,  Madame 
Boll,  Oderic  Vital.  They  are  all  free  bloom- 
ers in  autumn. 

La  Reine  Type. — In  1844,  Laffay  intro- 
duced what  he  loyally  named  Rose  of  the 
Queen  (Rose  de  la  Reine).  This  variety 
bore  royal  sway  for  many  years ;  it  not  only 
still  sells  well  and  is  to  be  considered  a  use- 
ful rose,  but  it  should  also  have  our  esteem 
as  being  the  parent  of  a  most  useful  family. 
The  wood  is  light  green,  furnished  with  oc- 
casional thorns;  of  strong  growth;  foliage 
pale  green  and  crimpled.  Flowers  various 
shades  of  rose,  generally  of  semi-globular 
form,  large,  somewhat  fragrant;  free  in  the 
autumn;  quite  hardy,  enduring  more  cold 
than  any  of  the  other  families  except  Baronne 
Prevost.  The  leading  sorts  are :  Anne  de 
Diesbach,  Antoine  Mouton,  Auguste  Mie, 
Belle  Normande,  Frangois  Michelon,  Gloire 
de  Vitry,  Laslia,  Louise  Peyronny,  Madame 
Alice  Dureau,  Mme.  Nachury,  Paul  Neyron, 
Reine  du  Midi,  Ville  de  St.  Denis. 

Giant  of  Battles  Type. — The  founder  of 
this  family  was  introduced  by  Nerard  in 
1846,  and  doubtless  has  Bourbon  blood  in  its 
veins.     The  colors   are  various  shadings  of 


TYPICAL    ROSES.  177 

crimson,  very  rich  and  effective  when  in  per- 
fection, but  very  fleeting ;  the  sun  soon  gives 
them  a  muddy  hue.  The  flowers  are  well 
shaped,  but  small,  and  have  slight  fragrance ; 
they  are  very  freely  produced  in  the  spring 
and  summer  months,  but,  as  a  rule,  not  in 
the  autumn.  The  shoots  are  of  moderate  or 
short  growth,  short  jointed,  erect,  very  stiff, 
and  covered  with  very  numerous  reddish 
thorns.  The  foliage  is  of  lustrous  dark  green, 
very  subject  to  mildew.  They  are  difficult 
to  propagate  from  cuttings,  and  liable  to 
injury  from  frost.  The  leading  sorts  are: 
Arthur  de  Sansal,  Cardinal  Patrizzi,  Crimson 
Bedder,  Empereur  de  Maroc,  Eugene  Appert, 
Eveque  de  Nimes,  Lord  Raglan,  Louis  Chaix, 
Mrs.  Standish,  Vainqueur  de  Solferino. 

General  Jacqueminot  Type.— In  1852, 
the  head  of  what  is  now  considered  the  most 
valuable  type  made  his  bow  to  an  admiring 
world ;  clad  in  rich  crimson  livery  he  still 
commands  respect  and  admiration,  and  mar- 
shalled under  his  generalship  is  the  army  of 
dark  roses,  which  so  excite  and  please  our 
senses  by  their  charms  and  loveliness.  This 
family  probably  originated  from  the  old  Hy- 
brid China  Gloire  des  Rosomanes ;  they  are 
moderately  hardy,  but  less  so  than  those  of 
the  Baronne  Prevost,  Jules  Margottin  and  La 
12 


1 73  THE    ROSE. 


Reine  types.  The  flowers  are  invariably 
shades  of  red  and  crimson,  generally  highly 
perfumed,  freely  produced  in  the  spring,  but 
varying  greatly  as  to  their  autumnal  bloom. 
As  a  family  they  are  much  more  shy  in  the 
autumn  than  any  of  the  others. 

The  shoots  are  of  vigorous  growth,  not 
very  thick,  generally  upright,  with  quite 
numerous  light  green  spines;  the  foliage 
handsome,  rather  pointed.  It  is  now  the 
most  numerous  of  the  families,  popular  taste 
demanding  crimson  roses  and  those  of  dark 
shades.  Leading  varieties  of  the  type  are : 
Beauty  of  Waltham,  Camille  Bernardin, 
Dupuy  Jamain,  Leopold  Premier,  Marie 
Baumann,  Marie  Rady,  Maurice  Bernardin, 
Pierre  Notting,  Prince  Arthur.  There  are 
also  Charles  Lefebvre,  Alfred  Colomb,  Duke 
of  Edinburgh,  Prince  Camille,  and  Senateur 
Vaisse,  which  are  supposed  to  be  seedlings  of 
Jacqueminot,  but  they  cluster  about  them 
other  varieties  of  the  family,  and  are  worthy 
of  separate  mention  and  consideration. 

Victor  Verdier  Type. — The  head  of  this 
family  originated  with  Lacharme,  of  Lyons, 
and  was  sent  out  by  him  in  1852.  It  is  doubt- 
less from  one  of  the  La  Reine  type  crossed 
with  some  monthly  rose,  probably  a  Bourbon. 
The  descendants  are  very  numerous,  and  in 


TYPICAL    ROSES.  179 

spite  of  their  rather  tender  habits  form  a 
valuable  group,  being  the  most  free  flowering 
of  them  all;  had  they  but  fragrance  they 
would  be  unrivalled ;  but,  alas !  they  are  de- 
void of  scent,  and  therefore  cannot  rank  as 
high  as  the  others.  Fine  feathers  alone  do 
not  constitute  fine  birds,  and  surely  fragrance 
is  to  the  rose  what  song  is  to  the  bird.  The 
shoots  are  of  moderate  growTth,  stout,  upright, 
nearly  smooth,  of  a  reddish  green,  with  an 
occasional  reddish  thorn ;  the  foliage  is  very 
large,  of  a  deep  lustrous  green,  very  attrac- 
tive. The  flowers  are  large,  well  built  up; 
generally  shades  of  rose  and  pink  prevail.  It 
is  the  best  adapted  for  forcing  in  winter  of 
all  the  families. 

The  leading  varieties  grown  are  Andre 
Dunand,  Captain  Christy,  Charles  Verdier, 
Countess  of  Oxford,  Etienne  Levet,  Hippolyte 
Jamain,  Julius  Finger,  Mme.  Geo.  Schwartz, 
Mme.  Devert,  Mme.  Eugene  Chambeyran, 
Mme.  Louis  Donadine,  Mme.  Maxime  de  la 
Rocheterie,  Mile.  Eugenie  Verdier,  Marie 
Cointet,  Marie  Finger,  Mrs.  Baker,  Oxonian 
(somewhat  fragrant),  President  Thiers,  Pride 
of  Waltham,  Rosy  Morn,  Souvenir  du  Presi- 
dent Porcher. 

Jules  Margottin  Type. — In  1853  Jules 
Margottin,    of    Bourg-la-Reine,   near    Paris, 


i8o  THE   ROSE. 


sent  out  a  fine  rose,  which  he  called  after 
himself ;  though  he  has  been  raising  seedling 
roses  ever  since,  none  of  them  have  quite 
come  up  to  this  in  worth.  Wood,  light  green ; 
sharp,  red  thorns,  somewhat  numerous; 
shoots  rather  stout  and  generally  of  vigorous 
growth.  Crimpled  foliage.  Flowers  of  large 
size,  very  full,  somewhat  flat  shape,  mostly 
shades  of  rose  and  carmine,  almost  without 
perfume;  generally  free  in  the  autumn. 
They  are  very  hardy ;  as  a  rule  difficult  of 
propagation  from  cuttings,  but  making  very 
vigorous  plants  when  budded. 

Abel  Grand,  Achille  Gonod,  Bessie  Johnson 
(quite  fragrant),  Claude  Bernard,  Countess 
of  Serenye,  Duchesse  de  Vallombrosa,  Ed- 
ward Morren,  Egeria,  Emily  Laxton,  John 
Hopper,  Magna  Charta,  Madame  Gabriel 
Luizet,  Madame  Lacharme,  Madame  Louis 
Leveque,  Mademoiselle  Therese  Levet, 
Marchioness  of  Exeter,  Marguerite  de  St. 
Amand,  Marquise  de  Castellane,  Miss  Hassard 
(scented),  Monsieur  Noman,  Paeonia,  Peach 
Blossom,  Princess  Mary  of  Cambridge,  Rev. 
J.  B.  M.  Camm  (very  sweet),  are  the  leading 
sorts. 

Senateur  Vaisse  Type. — Senateur  Vaisse 
was  introduced  in  1859.  In  this  family  we 
find   what  are   perhaps   the   most  perfectly 


TYPICAL    ROSES.  181 

formed  flowers.  The  varieties  are  of  moder- 
ate growth,  with  smoother  wood  than  most 
dark  roses;  the  foliage,  too,  is  more  round 
and  of  a  deeper  green.  Anicet  Bourgeois 
(new),  E.  Y.  Teas,  Madame  Adelaide  Cote 
(new),  Madame  Victor  Verdier,  and  Mrs. 
Laxton  are  members  of  this  group. 

Charles  Lefebvre  Type. — Lacharme  in- 
troduced Charles  Lefebvre  in  1861.  He  be- 
lieves that  it  is  the  result  of  a  cross  (I  infer 
by  natural  agencies)  between  Victor  Verdier 
and  General  Jacqueminot;  it  certainly  shows 
many  of  the  characteristics  of  these  two  sorts. 
The  wood  and  foliage  are  light  green ;  oc- 
casionally armed  with  pale  red  thorns,  but  as 
a  rule  the  wood  is  very  smooth.  The  flowers 
are  more  waving  in  outline  than  any  of  the 
other  families ;  the  habit  of  growth  is  free, 
intermediate  between  Victor  Verdier  and 
General  Jacqueminot.  Glory  of  Cheshunt, 
Harrison  Weir,  Henry  Bennett,  Madame 
Anna  de  BesobrasorT,  Marguerite  Brassac, 
Paul  Jamain,  President  Leon  de  St.  Jean,  and 
W.  Wilson  Saunders  are  marked  members  of 
this  type.  Dr.  Andry,  Horace  Vernet,  Lord 
Macaulay,  Mrs.  Harry  Turner,  Rev.  W.  H. 
Stomers  and  Souvenir  du  Dr.  Jamain,  also 
seem  to  find  a  place  in  this  group. 


182  THE    ROSE. 


Prince  Camille  Type. — In  1861  E.  Verdier 
sent  out  Prince  Camille  de  Rohan.  In  this 
type  we  find  the  darkest,  most  velvety  roses. 
It  would  seem  as  though  this  family  must 
have  been  produced  by  the  blending  of  Gen- 
eral Jacqueminot  with  Giant  of  Battles. 
The  varieties  are  of  vigorous  or  free 
growth ;  the  wood  is  somewhat  darker,  the 
spines  less  numerous,  the  habit  more  spread- 
ing than  in  those  of  the  Jacqueminot  type. 
None  of  them  bloom  freely  in  the  autumn, 
but  in  the  spring  their  wondrous  rich  crimson 
shades  gain  more  admirers  than  any  others. 
Baron  Chaurand,  Baron  de  Bonstetten,  La 
Rosiere,  Monsieur  Boncenne,  are  prominent 
members  of  this  family.  Abel  Carriere,  Jean 
Liabaud,  Jean  Soupert,  and  Souvenir  d'Au- 
guste  Riviere  can  also  be  classed  with  these ; 
though  they  show  more  of  the  Giant  of  Bat- 
tles character  than  the  former,  and  might 
therefore  not  inappropriately  be  placed  by 
themselves. 

Alfred  Colomb  Type. — Alfred  Colomb, 
sent  out  in  1865,  has  a  somewhat  similar  habit 
of  growth  to  General  Jacqueminot,  but  the 
thorns  are  much  less  numerous,  and  with  a 
more  yellow  hue ;  the  flowers  are  also  fuller 
and  more  globular,  and  blossom  much  more 
abundantly.     A.    K.    Williams,  Madame  Al- 


TYPICAL    ROSES.  183 

phonse   Lavallee,  and  Wilhelm  Koelle,  may 
be  grouped  tinder  this  head. 

Duke  of  Edinburgh  Type. — The  only- 
English  rose  which  is  the  head  of  a  type  was 
sent  out  by  George  Paul  in  1868.  The  habit 
of  growth  is  much  like  that  of  Jacqueminot, 
but  the  foliage  is  generally  longer  and  larger. 
The  flowers  are  not  permanent  in  color, 
burning  very  quickly  in  the  sun,  and  are  very 
sparsely  produced  in  the  autumn.  It  is  a 
very  beautiful  family  when  grown  in  a  moist, 
cool  climate ;  but  there  are  few  of  the  mem- 
bers that  will  do  well  under  our  hot  sun. 
The  varieties  best  known,  mostly  of  recent 
origin,  are :  Brightness  of  Cheshunt,  Dr. 
Hooker,  Duke  of  Connaught,  Duke  of  Teck, 
Robert  Marnock,  S.  Reynolds  Hole,  Sultan  of 
Zanzibar,  The  Shah. 

All  of  the  types  described  above  belong 
to  the  Hybrid  Remontant  Class  of  Roses. 
Among  the  Hybrid  Noisettes  we  find  two 
types,  the  first  is  the — 

Mademoiselle  Bonnaire  Type. — The 
flowers  are  of  medium  size,  and  of  circular, 
very  beautiful  form.  The  growth  is  moderate 
or  dwarf.  The  foliage  is  rather  small  and 
somewhat  crimpled;  the  wood  light  green, 
fortified  with  numerous  small  spines. 
Though  devoid  of  fragrance,  these  are  our 


1 84  THE    ROSE. 


most  charming  white  roses ;  the  flowers  are 
freely  produced  throughout  June  and  the 
summer  months.  The  varieties  belonging 
to  the  type  are  Eliza  Boelle,  Madame  Noman, 
and  Madame  Oswald  de  Kerchove. 

Madame  A.  de  Rougemont  Type. — The 
varieties  of  this  type  differ  greatly  from 
those  of  the  preceding.  The  habit  of  growth 
is  free  or  vigorous;  the  wood  is  smoother, 
the  foliage  more  oval  and  glaucous,  like  the 
Bourbon  roses ;  the  flowers  are  even  more 
freely  produced  than  those  of  the  other  type, 
but  are  inferior  to  them  in  quality.  The 
principal  sorts  are:  Baronne  de  Maynard, 
Coquette  des  Alpes,  Coquette  des  Blanches, 
Madame  Auguste  Perrin,  Madame  Frangois 
Pittet,  Perfection  des  Blanches. 

Gloire  de  Dijon  Type. — The  head  of  this 
family  was  sent  out  in  1853,  and  is  the  variety 
from  which  most  of  the  Climbing  Teas  have 
sprung.  Young  plants  of  this  type  are  often 
difficult  to  start  after  being  rooted  from  cut- 
tings, but  when  well  established  grow  lux- 
uriantly. The  parentage  of  Gloire  de  Dijon 
is  unknown,  but  I  believe  it  must  have  orig- 
inated from  a  natural  cross  between  some 
Bourbon  and  Noisette  (Tea-scented)  Rose. 
The  foliage  shows  much  of  the  Bourbon 
character;  the  flowers  are  of  globular  form, 


TYPICAL    ROSES.  185 

very  large  and  full.  Varieties  belonging  to 
this  type  are  Antonia  Decarli,  Belle  Lyon- 
naise,  Gloire  de  Bordeaux,  Jean  Lorthois, 
Madame  Berard,  Madame  Trifle,  Marie  Ber- 
ton. 

These  types  are  about  all  that  are  really 
distinct ;  among  the  Hybrid  Teas  it  is  likely 
that  a  separation  into  groups  will  be  desirable 
at  some  time  in  the  future,  as  this  is  destined 
to  be  an  increasing  class ;  but  at  the  present 
time  La  France  represents  the  class  in  a 
sufficiently  distinct  way.  The  Teas  might 
be  arranged  in  family  groups,  but  this  is  a 
task  which  I  shall  not  attempt  until  some 
other  time ;  it  would  be  a  division  less  useful 
than  those  given. 


XVI. 

RAISING   NEW    VARIETIES. 

EW  Roses  occasionally  come  as 
sports,  but  the  only  method  de- 
pended upon  for  their  production 
is  sowing  seed.  Roses  of  the  past 
have,  for  the  most  part,  been  the  product  of 
nature  unaided  by  the  hand  of  man.  The 
common  practice  has  been  to  gather  the  seed, 
without  even  keeping  the  varieties  separate, 
and  to  sow  it  promiscuously.  There  are  a 
few  instances  recorded  where  artificial  cross- 
ings have  been  resorted  to,  with  successful 
results,  but  the  number  of  such  operators  has 
been  very  limited.  It  is  a  well-known  fact 
that  most  fruits  and  flowers  seldom  reproduce 
themselves  with  exactness  from  seed ;  there 
is  often  a  close  resemblance,  yet  some  diver- 
gence from  the  original.  Nature  is  constantly 
struggling  for  variation;  even  though  the 
pistils  receive  pollen  from  their  own  flower 
alone,  this  law  holds  good ;  but  through  the 
agencies  of  wind,  insects,  etc.,  the  pollen  from 

1 86 


RAISING   NEW    VARIETIES.  187 

one  flower  is  often  carried  to  the  pistils  of 
another,  and  so  natural  crossing  or  hybridiza- 
tion takes  place.  Thus,  by  simply  gathering 
and  sowing  the  seeds  of  one  variety,  like 
General  Jacqueminot,  it  has  been  possible  to 
produce  a  large  number  of  distinct  kinds  of 
great  value.  This,  as  stated  above,  has  been 
the  practice  up  to  the  present  time,  but  it  is 
a  practice  on  which  we  should  no  longer  ex- 
clusively depend;  on  the  contrary,  for  the 
roses  of  the  future  we  should  mainly  rely  on 
artificial  crossing  and  hybridization,  or,  in 
other  words,  on  manual  fecundation. 

Laffay,  who  raised  most  of  the  Hybrid  Re- 
montants  of  value  that  were  sent  out  previ- 
ous to  1850,  is  understood  to  have  produced 
many,  or  the  most,  of  them,  by  crossing  va- 
rieties of  the  Bourbon  Rose  with  the  old 
crimson  Rose  du  Roi.  Vibert,  Hardy,  and 
some  other  of  the  French  rosarians,  are  also 
credited  with  having  produced  many  of  their 
most  beautiful  sorts  by  manual  fertilization, 
but  as  no  record  has  been  kept  of  the  varie- 
ties used  as  parents,  the  result  of  their  work 
is  of  no  use  to  the  hybridizer  of  the  present 
day  further  than  that  it  affords  proof  that 
definite  results  are  more  certain  from  arti- 
ficial than  from  natural  crosses. 

The  following  sorts  are  all  claimed  as  the 


1 88  THE    ROSE. 

result  of  artificial  crossing;  the  parentage 
will  be  found  in  the  catalogued  list  of  varie- 
ties :  America,  Baronne  de  Maynard,  Captain 
Christy,  Harrison  Weir,  John  Hopper,  Julius 
Finger,  Marie  Van  Houtte,  Madame  La- 
charme,  Madame  Oswald  de  Kerchove,  Ma- 
dame Welche,  Mrs.  Jowitt,  Mrs.  Harry  Turner, 
Paul  Neyron,  Princess  Mary  of  Cambridge, 
Reine  Marie  Henriette,  and  the  ten  Hybrid 
Teas  sent  out  by  Bennett. 

To  trace  out  the  peculiarities  of  these  kinds, 
learning  so  far  as  possible  what  influence  each 
parent  had  in  forming  the  qualities  of  the 
offspring,  would  be  an  interesting,  profitable 
study.  Thus,  examining  Paul  Neyron,  we 
find  it  has  the  smooth  wood,  glaucous  foli- 
age, fulness  of  flower,  and  tendency  to  win- 
ter-kill from  the  seed  parent,  Victor  Verdier. 
The  vigor  of  growth  and  size  of  flower  are 
inherited  from  the  fructifying  sort,  Anne  de 
Diesbach.  In  this  example  it  will  be  seen 
that  the  influence  of  the  parents  has  been 
nearly  equal  in  impressing  their  characteris- 
tics. In  other  examples  it  will  be  found  that 
the  influence  of  one  parent  has  been  far 
greater  than  that  of  the  other ;  but  I  hold  it 
as  an  axiom  that,  in  the  case  of  any  rose  which 
is  crossed  by  another  variety,  the  progeny  will 
surely  show  traits  pertaining  to  both  parents. 


RAISING  NEW    VARIETIES.  189 


Among-  men  we  find  great  divergencies  of 
character  between  brothers  and  sisters,  yet  it 
is  observed  that  they  always  hold  something 
in  common  which  distinguishes  them,  some 
link  which  connects  one  with  another.     It  is 
believed  by  some  of  the   raisers    who  have 
practised  hybridization,  or  crossing  of  roses, 
that  seedlings  of  greater  beauty  are  to  be  ob- 
tained   simply    by     selecting     heps      from 
naturally  fertilized  flowers,  than  from  those 
which  have    been  artificially   crossed;    that 
there   are    very   many   types    among    roses 
which  are  all  beautiful  in  their  way,  but  that 
when  these  are  crossed,  the  varieties  which 
result  will  have  coarsely  formed  flowers,  or 
be  of  weak  constitution,  etc.     Such,  I  infer, 
is   the    belief   of    Messrs.    Laxton,    William 
Paul,   and  others   of    the  English  rosarians. 
With    all     deference    to    these    gentlemen, 
whose  experience  certainly  gives  weight  to 
their  belief,  I  do  not  subscribe  to  this  opinion. 
I  cannot  but  believe  that  we  are  even  more 
certain  of    obtaining  flowers  of   high  finish 
from  artificial  than  we  are  from  natural  fer- 
tilization, if  we  will  but  pattern  after  nature 
and    carefully  study  the  laws  of  cause  and 
effect. 

Though  there  is  a  difference  of  opinion  re- 
specting the  quality  and  finish  of  the  roses 


i9o  THE    ROSE. 


likely  to  result  from  manual  fecundation,  all 
practitioners  admit  that  there  is  a  certainty 
by  this  method  of  obtaining  a  product  distinc- 
tive in  character,  which  is  of  itself  a  sufficient 
inducement  to  encourage  our  best  efforts  in 
this  line.  But  the  truth  is,  so  few  crossed 
roses  have  been  raised,  compared  to  the 
number  from  natural  selection,  that  we  have 
learned  very  little  about  the  successes  and 
failures  that  have  attended  the  operators  in 
this  field  of  study.  Very  few  of  those  who 
have  engaged  in  this  work  have  given  us  any 
information  that  will  be  of  use  to  those  who 
wish  to  experiment.  It  seems  to  me,  the 
lack  of  finish  and  the  delicate  constitution, 
averred  to  belong  to  varieties  raised  from 
artificial  crosses,  come  from  bringing  together 
roses  of  different  types,  too  widely  separated 
in  character  to  blend  well.  I  believe  roses 
belonging  to  the  same  type  will  always  cross 
with  good  results.  Those  who  wish  to  prac- 
tise this  art  will  do  well,  therefore,  to  begin 
with  crossing  varieties  of  the  same  family; 
the  chapter  on  Typical  Roses,  which  pre- 
cedes this,  should  be  carefully  perused  as 
bearing  on  this  point. 

In  this  connection  it  may  be  profitable  for 
us  to  consider  briefly  the  result  of  Mr.  Ben- 
nett's labors  in  the  hybridization  of  roses. 


RAISING   NEW    VARIETIES.  igi 

Mr.  Bennett  fertilized  the  flowers  of  various 
Tea  Roses  with  the  pollen  of  Hybrid  Remon- 
tants ;  his  productions  are  therefore  true  hy- 
brids, not  crosses  merely,  and  they  are  classed 
as  Hybrid  Teas.  Ten  of  these  hybrids  have 
been  raised  by  Mr.  Bennett.  We  should  pre- 
fer to  consider  sorts  that  have  been  longer  in 
cultivation,  but  there  are  none  such.  As  a 
rule,  the  Bennett  Roses  lack  a  vigorous  and 
healthy  constitution;  the  best  of  them,  for 
out-door  culture,  is  Michael  Saunders,  raised 
from  President  fertilized  by  Madame  Victor 
Verdier.  The  parents  of  this  sort  have  com- 
paratively smooth  wood,  and  they  are  not  so 
widely  separated  in  character  as  to  prevent 
the  production  of  a  heal  thy  offspring.  Beauty 
of  Stapleford,  the  second  in  point  of  general 
usefulness,  resulted  from  crossing  Alba  Rosea 
by  Countess  of  Oxford,  both  smooth-wooded 
kinds  again,  of  similar  vigor  of  growth. 
Two  objectionable  qualities  in  this  rose,  a 
tendency  to  fade  quickly  and  a  liability  to 
mildew  badly,  are  inherited  from  Countess 
of  Oxford.  Yet  these  are  both  roses  likely 
to  be  esteemed  generally  useful. 

From  Alba  Rosea  crossed  by  Edward 
Morren  came  Nancy  Lee,  an  exquisite  little 
rose,  with  lovely  buds,  but  in  habit  of 
growth  so  dwarf  and  delicate  that  our  com- 


192  THE    ROSE. 


miseration  is  excited  along  with  our  regard. 
Duchess  of  Westminster  and  Pearl  are  others 
of  the  same  class,  which  are  the  result  of 
crossing  varieties  very  widely  separated  in 
habit  of  growth,  and  none  of  the  progeny 
have  constitutions  of  any  vigor.  In  Duke  of 
Connaught  we  have  the  offspring  of  President 
crossed  by  Louis  Van  Houtte ;  both  parents 
are  smooth-wooded  sorts,  but  no  nurseryman 
can,  by  ordinary  culture,  grow  from  cuttings 
plants  of  Louis  Van  Houtte  that  will  be 
salable  after  one  season's  growth.  With 
such  a  parent  we  cannot  wonder  that  the 
propagation  of  good  plants  of  Duke  of  Con- 
naught  has  been  found  so  tedious  and  dis- 
couraging by  those  who  have  undertaken  it. 
I  understand  that  some  of  the  New  Jersey 
florists  are  growing  this  variety  with  profit, 
but  this  simply  shows  what  great  skill  can 
do,  and  does  not  prove  that  the  variety  will 
be  generally  useful. 

Jean  Sisley  and  Hon.  George  Bancroft  are 
two  others  of  Bennett's  which  fade  very 
quickly ;  besides  this  fault  the  former  sort  is 
very  difficult  to  open  and  we  condemn  it  as 
utterly  worthless ;  the  latter  variety,  if  grown 
so  that  the  original  color  is  retained,  will 
generally  give  satisfaction,  though  many 
more  malformed  blooms  are  produced  than 


RAISING   NEW   VARIETIES.  193 

we  expect  to  see  in  a  variety  put  down  as 
desirable. 

Duchess  of  Connaught  shows  considerable 
resemblance  to  La  France,  and  affords  evi- 
dence that  La  France  must  certainly  be  a 
Hybrid  Tea.  It  seems  to  me  that  the  Duch- 
ess only  differs  from  La  France  in  various 
ways,  to  be  inferior  to  it. 

Now  these  Bennett  Roses,  taken  as  a 
whole,  would  seem  to  strengthen  the  view 
of  Messrs.  William  Paul  and  Laxton,  unless 
we  carefully  consider  the  nature  of  the 
crosses  that  were  made.  From  what  has 
been  shown  we  think  the  inference  may 
naturally  be  drawn,  that  in  crossing  roses 
we  are  likely  to  obtain  satisfactory  results  by 
blending  varieties  which  have  several  charac- 
teristics in  common.  Thus,  varieties  of  the 
same  type  will  be  pretty  certain  to  effect 
good  crosses;  as  General  Jacqueminot  with 
Xavier  Olibo,  Fisher  Holmes  with  Baronne 
de  Bonstetten,  Madame  Victor  Verdier  with 
E.  Y.  Teas,  etc.  By  hybridizing,  bringing 
Teas  and  Hybrid  Remontants  together,  we  are 
much  less  sure  of  obtaining  new  sorts  of  high 
finish  and  robust  constitution,  but  far  more 
certain  of  procuring  kinds  thoroughly  dis- 
tinct. The  operator  will  then  do  well  to 
bear  this  rule  in  mind :  Crossing  varieties  of 
13 


i94  THE    ROSE. 


the  same  type  will  produce  seedlings  of  the  best 
form  and  finish;  blending  sorts  of  different 
types  will  bring  forth  the  most  distinct  kinds. 
In  order  to  gain  knowledge,  it  is  well  to  prac- 
tise both  these  extremes,  but  the  best  suc- 
cess will  probably  follow  where  a  mean  course 
is  pursued. 

This  matter  of  cross  fertilization  of  roses 
places  before  us  a  vast  field  in  which  to 
study  and  experiment;  and  although  we  have 
so  little  to  be  drawn  from  the  past  which 
may  guide  us,  the  fact  of  its  being  largely 
unexplored  seems  an  attractive  feature.  We 
can  experience  sensations  somewhat  similar 
to  those  of  the  traveller  who  penetrates  a 
new  country,  for  though  he  may  not  be  the 
first  to  make  discoveries,  he  can  be  among 
the  first  to  chronicle  results  and  make  the 
discoveries  useful.  It  is  still  open  for  in- 
vestigators to  learn  and  make  known  general 
principles,  which  should  guide  us  in  raising 
new  roses.  It  will  be  a  gratification  for  me 
to  know  that  I  have  contributed,  in  some 
measure  at  least,  to  this  result. 

As  few  readers  are  likely  to  be  familiar 
with  the  mode  of  manual  fecundation,  I  will 
briefly  explain  my  practice.  The  work  is 
much  the  easiest  to  manage  under  glass,  for 
the  reason  that  insects  are  not  there  trouble- 


RAISING   NEW   VARIETIES.  195 

some  and  we  do  not  have  wind  and  rain  to 
contend  with.  Whenever  possible,  choose  a 
clear  day,  and  operate  in  the  morning,  so 
that  the  flowers  can  be  exposed  to  the  influ- 
ence of  the  sun  immediately  after  they  have 
been  fertilized.  The  flower  selected  for  a 
female  parent  should  have  the  stamens  care- 
fully removed  by  means  of  a  fine  pair  of  em- 
broidery scissors,  a  few  hours  before  the 
pollen  is  ripe.  Should  the  pollen  be  quite 
ripe,  some  of  it  is  likely  to  have  fallen  on  the 
pistils  and  a  perfect  cross  could  not  then  be 
assured.  If,  on  the  other  hand,  it  be  not 
nearly  matured,  the  pistils  are  not  in  proper 
condition  to  be  fertilized.  In  such  a  variety 
as  General  Jacqueminot,  the  stamens  should 
be  removed  three  or  four  hours  before  the 
flower  would  expand.  The  petals  are  then  to 
be  gently  pulled  off,  and  the  stamens  cut 
away.  The  pollen  is  then  applied  to  the 
pistils  by  carrying  to  them  the  flower  of  the 
fertilizing  sort  and  gently  rubbing  them  with 
the  stamens  holding  the  pollen,  so  that  the 
pistils  are  well  covered.  If  preferred,  a  fine 
camel' s-hair  brush  may  be  used  for  the  pur- 
pose of  applying  the  pollen.  The  pollen 
must  be  quite  ripe ;  if  it  does  not  attach  it- 
self readily  to  the  brush  it  is  not  yet  in  fit 
condition   for   use.     Those    varieties  which 


196  THE    ROSE. 


are  not  very  double  will  give  more  pollen 
and  be  better  seed-bearers  than  the  very  full 
ones.  Kinds  like  Bon  Silene,  Safrano, 
Fisher  Holmes,  Jean  Cherpin,  etc.,  will  be 
found  the  most  suitable  for  first  experiments. 
If  the  operation  is  carried  on  out  of  doors,  it 
is  desirable  to  cover  the  flowers  fertilized 
with  fine  gauze,  to  prevent  the  interference 
of  insects.  The  insects  are  not  apt  to  go  to 
flowers  from  which  the  petals  have  been  re- 
moved, but  it  is  well  not  to  depend  on  this. 
The  heps  should  not  be  gathered  until  fully 
ripe,  say  after  the  first  frost  in  October; 
they  are  then  labelled  and  buried  in  pots  of 
moist  sand.  The  pots  must  be  covered  with 
glass  or  something  of  the  kind  to  keep  out 
mice,  which  are  very  fond  of  the  pods.  I 
allow  the  pods  to  remain  in  the  sand  till  the 
first  of  January,  they  are  then  broken  open, 
the  seed  taken  out,  and  sown  in  boxes  or 
pots.  The  seeds  commence  coming  up  three 
or  four  weeks  after  being  planted.  The 
seedlings  appear  with  two  leaves;  so  soon 
as  they  make  a  second  growth  they  are 
pricked  out  by  a  knife  blade  and  planted  in 
small  pots.  They  are  very  subject  to  mil- 
dew, and  many  are  apt  to  pass  away  from 
this  cause.  In  May  they  can  be  transplanted 
and  put  in  open  ground,  in  rich,  well-drained 


RAISING    NEW    VARIETIES.  197 

soil.  If  they  do  well  they  can  be  left  there 
over  winter,  of  course  being  protected,  and 
allowed  to  remain  for  testing.  They  com- 
mence to  flower  the  second  year,  but  many 
of  them  show  no  signs  of  bloom  until  the 
third  or  fourth  year.  Instead  of  planting 
them  out  in  open  ground,  some  or  all  can  re- 
main in  pots,  the  plants  being  shifted  from 
time  to  time  to  pots  of  a  larger  size.  One  is 
apt  to  become  very  impatient  waiting  for  the 
seedlings  to  flower ;  the  result  can  be  hast- 
ened by  taking  buds  from  them  and  inserting 
on  some  stock  of  good  growth.  Many  of 
the  seedlings  will  produce  flowers  quite 
single ;  these  plants  are  to  be  at  once  rooted 
out.  Now  and  then  we  may  find  double 
flowers  of  good  finish ;  these  are  to  be  com- 
pared with  flowers  of  old  varieties,  which 
they  seem  most  to  resemble,  to  ascertain 
whether  they  are  distinct  sorts  or  only  in- 
ferior imitations  of  established  favorites. 
It  will  often  require  considerable  moral  cour- 
age to  refrain  from  calling  our  geese,  swans. 
But  if  it  is  found,  and  admitted  by  general 
consent,  that  we  have  originated  something 
both  beautiful  and  distinct,  ah,  what  pride 
and  satisfaction  do  we  feel!  Surely,  there 
can  be  no  more  pleasing  occupation  for  those 
who  love  and  grow  roses,  than  by  hybridiz- 


198  THE    ROSE. 


ing  and  crossing  artificially  to  engage  in  the 
art  of  producing  new  varieties,  aye,  and  not 
new  varieties  only,  but  new  types  of  roses 
now  unknown. 


XVII. 

PUBLICATIONS   ON   THE   ROSE. 


N  the  preface  to  this  book  I  stated 
my  belief  that  no  compilation  on 
the  rose  could  ever  be  considered 
complete  and  final.  I  have  en- 
deavored to  bring  before  those  interested  in 
the  subject  many  points  of  interest  which 
have  been  ignored,  or  lightly  touched  upon, 
by  authors  of  kindred  works;  I  have  also 
desired  to  present  all  the  information  neces- 
sary to  the  successful  cultivation  of  the  rose, 
exemplified  in  different  ways.  I  feel,  how- 
ever, that  it  is  but  just  to  my  readers,  and 
my  brethren  of  the  craft,  to  record  those 
publications  which  are  useful  compilations 
on  this  subject.  First  of  all,  and  above  all, 
let  me  recommend  "A  Book  about  Roses," 
by  S.  Reynolds  Hole,  London.  This  book  of 
322  pages  is  a  charming  compilation  by  a 
gifted  writer,  who,  though  in  one  sense  an 
amateur,  has  perhaps  done  more  to  further 
the  growing  of  beautiful  roses  than  any  other 

199 


200  THE    ROSE. 

man.  No  one  has  ever  written  on  floricul- 
tural  subjects  so  lovingly,  so  attractively,  as 
Canon  Hole ;  he  is  in  this  respect  above  and 
beyond  all  writers,  and  his  book  is  an  adviser 
and  companion  that  no  rosarian  can  afford  to 
be  without. 

"  The  Rose  Garden"  is  a  large  volume  of 
256  pages,  by  William  Paul,  London.  This 
is  a  book  prepared  with  care  and  contains 
much  of  interest;  perhaps  that  which  is  most 
valuable  is  the  chapter  on  hybridizing. 

"The  Amateur's  Rose  Book,"  by  Shirley 
Hibberd;  "The  Rose  Amateur's  Guide,"  by 
Thomas  Rivers,  rank  next  in  merit.  "  Roses 
and  Rose  Culture,"  by  William  Paul;  "Cul- 
tural Directions  for  the  Rose,"  by  John 
Cranston;  "  Roses  and  their  Culture,"  by  W. 
D.  Prior,  are  other  English  works  which  may 
be  added  to  the  library  of  any  one  interested 
in  floricultural  matters. 

In  the  French  language  we  have  "  Les 
Roses,"  by  Jamain  and  Forney,  a  work  made 
expensive  by  the  use  of  gilt  edges  and 
colored  illustrations,  we  regret  to  say  of 
dreadful  character.  A  new  work  in  German, 
by  Thomas  Nietner,  was  published  in  1880. 
This  is  the  largest  book  on  the  rose  that  I 
know  of.  It  is  illustrated  with  106  woodcuts 
and  12  colored  plates.     The  author  describes 


PUBLICATIONS    ON    THE   ROSE.     201 

5007  varieties  of  roses.  The  colored  illustra- 
tions are  very  beautiful,  on  the  whole,  but 
not  all  true  to  nature.  In  the  names  of 
varieties  the  author  often  mixes  the  English, 
French,  and  German  languages  very  gro- 
tesquely. There  are  many  typographical 
and  other  errors,  but  it  is  a  book  worth  hav- 
ing if  one  is  willing  to  pay  the  price,  which 
is  of  necessity  high. 

American  publications  on  the  rose  are : 
"The  Book  of  Roses,"  by  Francis  Parkman; 
"  Parsons  on  the  Rose,"  by  Samuel  B.  Par- 
sons; "  Prince's  Manual  of  Roses,"  by  W.  R. 
Prince,  and  "  The  Rose  Manual,"  by  Robert 
Buist.  I  believe  the  last  two  named  are  out 
of  print. 

Of  magazines  and  papers,  which  frequently 
contain  articles  on  the  rose  that  are  of  in- 
terest, there  are  many.  Those  which  give 
the  most  attention  to  the  subject  are: 
Gardeti  and  Forest,  conducted  by  Profes- 
sor C.  S.  Sargent,  New  York.  The  Ameri- 
ca?i  Florist,  Chicago.  American  Gardening, 
New  York.  The  Country  Gentleman,  Albany, 
N.  Y.  The  Rural  New  Yorker,  New  York. 
The  American  Garde?i  (monthly),  New  York. 
In  England  there  are,  The  Gardener's  Chroni- 
cle, Journal  of  Horticulture,  The  Garden,  The 
Gardener 's  Magazine,   Gardening  Illustrated, 


202  THE    ROSE. 


London.  All  of  these  are  weekly  papers.  In 
France  we  find  a  monthly  magazine  entitled 
Journal  des  Roses,  published  by  Pierre  Cochet, 
Paris,  and  in  Germany  the  Rosen  Zeitung, 
edited  by  P.  Lambert,  Frankfurt. 


APPENDIX. 


OLD   AND   NEW   ROSES. 

[From  the  Century  Magazine,  July,  1883.] 

T  is  worthy  of  note  that  our  fathers 
and  forefathers  had  in  general 
a  better  nomenclature  for  their 
roses  than  is  used  in  these  days. 
Such  names  as  Dame  Blanche,  La  Favorite, 
Rosalie,  La  Coquette,  and  those  of  the  various 
mythological  characters — as  Hebe,  Juno,  and 
Calypso — were  freely  used.  Now  the  favorite 
roses  are  Dukes  and  Duchesses,  Counts  and 
Countesses,  Lords  and  Ladies,  Generals  and 
Senators,  till  we  wonder  if  there  are  any 
plebeians  left. 

There  are  many  old  roses  that  should 
never  be  forgotten,  though  they  have  been 
pushed  aside  by  new-comers,  and  are  seldom 
to  be  found  on  sale  at  the  florist's.  Blanche- 
fleur,  Madame  Hardy,  Madame  Zcetman  are 
delightfully  fragrant,  beautiful  white  roses, 

203 


204  THE    ROSE. 


whose  places  have  not  been  filled  by  any  of 
the  usurping  Remontants;  and  there  are 
others,  of  the  Provence  and  Damask  families, 
nearly  as  fine  as  those  named.  In  all  our  im- 
provements, we  have  not  yet  bettered  the 
quality  of  the  old  white  summer  roses  of 
thirty  and  forty  years  ago.  The  demand  is 
now  altogether  for  those  varieties  which 
bloom  more  than  once,  and,  in  achieving 
freedom  of  bloom,  we  have  lost  in  fragrance, 
have  lost  in  hardiness;  therefore,  to  leave 
out  and  cast  aside  these  favorites  of  a  gen- 
eration that  is  passing  away  is  surely  a  seri- 
ous mistake.  Others  beside  the  old  white 
summer  roses  should  be  retained.  There  is 
the  Centifolia,  or  cabbage-rose,  so  unfortu- 
nately named,  which  is  yet  a  model  for  form 
and  fragrance ;  there  is  the  common  Sweet- 
brier,  with  its  bright  orange-red  heps — not 
a  flower  for  florists  truly,  but  how  attractive 
to  the  artist,  how  full  of  inspiration  to  the 
poet,  how  grateful  to  all  who  are  pleased  by 
fragrance !  For  bright  yellow  shades,  we  yet 
look  to  the  old  Austrian  roses,  so  called, 
Harrison's  and  Persian  Yellow.  Then  what 
is  more  charming  than  the  moss-roses?  what 
bouquet  more  beautiful  than  loose  branches 
of  the  Gracilis,  the  Common  and  Crested 
moss-roses? 


OLD   AND   NEW  ROSES.  205 

The  Charles  Lawson,  Coupe  d'Hebe,  Paul 
Ricaut,  and  some  others  of  the  old  summer 
kinds  are  also  very  useful  as  pillar  roses; 
they  have  nearly  everything  that  makes  a 
rose  valuable  save  the  property  of  blossoming 
more  than  once.  It  must  also  be  remembered 
that  the  old  roses  were  not  alone  such  as 
bloomed  in  June  only.  Agrippina,  Edward 
Desfosses,  Hermosa,  Souvenir  de  la  Malmai- 
son,  Aimee  Vibert,  Lamarque,  Solfaterre, 
Bon  Silene,  Bougere,  Devoniensis,  Flaves- 
cens,  Madame  de  Vatry,  Niphetos,  Odorata, 
Safrano,  Triomphe  de  Luxembourg  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Bengal,  Bourbon,  Noisette,  and 
Tea  families,  introduced  more  than  forty 
years  ago,  and  in  none  of  these  groups  has 
any  great  advance  been  made.  Certainly, 
many  beautiful  and  distinct  varieties  have 
since  been  introduced,  but  the  improvement 
in  quality  of  these  classes  has  been  slight  as 
compared  to  the  advance  made  by  the  intro- 
duction of  new  groups. 

Roses  of  the  present,  as  compared  with 
those  of  the  past,  are  superior  by  reason  of 
the  introduction  of  groups  that  are  hardy, 
or  nearly  so,  and  that  blossom  at  intervals 
and  continuously  through  the  summer  and 
autumn.  We  remember  the  great  interest 
awakened  by  the  varieties  sent  out  by  Laffay, 


206  THE    ROSE. 


such  as  Madame  Laffay,  Mrs.  Elliott,  and,  a 
few  years  after,  La  Reine.  The  two  former 
have  nearly  disappeared  from  cultivation; 
but  La  Reine  is  still  much  grown,  and,  like 
the  General  Jacqueminot,  Victor  Verdier, 
and  Jules  Margottin,  has  been  the  progenitor 
of  most  of  the  hardy  roses  cultivated  at  this 
day. 

It  would  astonish  the  uninitiated  to  learn 
the  number,  not  only  of  those  who  propagate 
plants  for  sale,  but  those  who  are  engaged  in 
the  production  of  new  varieties  from  seed. 
Strange  to  say,  the  raising  of  new  roses 
has  been  done  successfully  only  in  France 
and  England.  Italy  and  Germany  have  ac- 
complished almost  nothing  in  this  line,  al- 
though the  climate  of  those  countries  *is  as 
favorable  for  the  purpose  as  that  of  the  other 
two ;  but  in  this  they  only  follow  the  general 
line  of  horticultural  progress,  for  Italy  and 
Germany  have  produced  few  varieties  of 
European  fruits  that  are  valuable.  America 
has  originated  more  fruits  of  high  quality 
than  any  other  country,  but  her  contributions 
to  the  list  of  good  roses,  though  larger  than 
those  of  Italy  and  Germany,  fall  far  short  of 
what  they  should  be.  With  an  extent  of 
territory  that  gives  greater  variation  of 
climate  and  soil  than  is  to  be  found  in  any 


OLD    AND    NEW  ROSES.  207 

other  country,  it  must  be  that  America  will 
yet  produce  her  share  of  fine  roses. 

With  the  year  1842  appeared  the  Baronne 
Prevost,  which  is  now  the  oldest  type  among 
Hybrid  Remontant  roses.  It  is  not  a  numerous 
family,  and  is  of  much  less  importance  to 
us  than  many  others,  but  we  can  well  imagine 
what  pleasure  it  gave  when  it  was  introduced 
to  the  rosarians  of  that  day.  The  flowers 
are  very  large  and  full,  flat  in  form,  quite 
fragrant,  and  in  color  some  shade  of  rose. 
It  is  the  most  hardy  type  we  have.  The  only 
varieties  commonly  grown  are  Boieldieu, 
Colonel  de  Rougemont,  and  Madame  Boll. 

In  1843,  Laffay  introduced  what  he  loyally 
named  Rose  of  the  Queen  {Rose  de  la  Reine). 
This  variety  bore  royal  sway  for  many  years. 
It  not  only  still  sells  well  and  is  to  be  consid- 
ered a  useful  rose,  but  it  should  also  have 
our  esteem  as  being  the  parent  of  a  most 
useful  family.  The  flowers  are  of  various 
shades  of  rose,  generally  of  semi-globular 
form,  large,  somewhat  fragrant ;  free  in  the 
autumn;  quite  hardy,  enduring  more  cold 
than  any  of  the  other  families  except 
Baronne  Prevost.  The  leading  sorts  are : 
Anne  de  Diesbach,  Antoine  Mouton,  Auguste 
Mie,  Belle  Normande,  Francois  Michelon, 
Madame    Nachury,    Paul   Neyron.      Among 


208  THE   ROSE. 


the  varieties  of  this  family  none  equal  in 
merit  the  Francois  Michelon. 

The  Giant  of  Battles  was  introduced  by 
Nerard  in  1846,  and  doubtless  has  Bourbon 
blood  in  its  veins.  The  colors  are  of  various 
shadings  of  crimson,  very  rich  and  effective 
when  in  perfection,  but  very  fleeting.  The 
sun  soon  gives  them  a  muddy  hue.  The 
flowers  are  well  shaped  but  small,  and  have 
slight  fragrance;  they  are  very  freely  pro- 
duced in  the  spring  and  summer  months,  but 
as  a  rule  not  in  the  autumn.  The  foliage  is 
of  lustrous  dark  green,  very  subject  to  mil- 
dew. They  are  difficult  to  propagate  from 
cuttings,  and  are  liable  to  injury  from  frost. 
The  leading  sorts  are:  Cardinal  Patrizzi, 
Crimson  Bedder,  Empereur  de  Maroc,  Eugene 
Appert,  Lord  Raglan,  Mrs.  Standish.  Owing 
chiefly  to  their  bad  constitution,  they  are 
rapidly  disappearing  from  cultivation,  and  in 
a  few  years  it  is  likely  none  will  remain. 
The  same  rich  color  can  now  be  found  in  the 
Prince  Camille  family. 

The  General  Jacqueminot,  the  head  of 
what  is  now  considered  the  most  valuable 
type,  made  its  bow,  in  1852,  to  an  admiring 
world:  clad  in  rich  crimson  livery,  it  still 
commands  respect  and  admiration,  and  mar- 
shalled under  its  generalship  is  the  army  of 


OLD    AND    NEW    ROSES.  2C9 

dark  roses  which  so  excite  and  please  our 
senses  by  their  charms  and  loveliness.  This 
family  probably  originated  from  the  old  hy- 
brid China,  Gloire  des  Rosomanes ;  they  are 
moderately  hardy,  but  less  so  than  those  of 
the  Baronne  Prevost,  Jules  Margottin,  and 
La  Reine  types.  The  flowers  are  invariably 
shades  of  red  and  crimson,  generally  highly 
perfumed,  freely  produced  in  the  spring,  but 
varying  greatly  as  to  their  autumnal  bloom. 
As  a  family,  they  are  much  more  shy  in  the 
autumn  than  any  of  the  others.  It  is  now 
the  most  numerous  of  the  families,  due  to 
the  fact  that  popular  taste  inclines  more  to 
crimson  than  to  light-colored  roses.  Leading 
varieties  of  this  type  are  Beauty  of  Waltham, 
Marie  Baumann  (moderate  growth),  Marie 
Rady,  Maurice  Bernardin,  Pierre  Notting, 
Xavier  Olibo  (dwarf  growth),  also  Senateur 
Vaisse,  Charles  Lefebvre,  Prince  Camille, 
Alfred  Colomb,  and  Duke  of  Edinburgh. 
About  the  latter  varieties  cluster  numerous 
others  of  the  family  of  less  importance. 

The  head  of  the  Victor  Verdier  type  origi- 
nated with  the  greatest  of  all  the  raisers, 
Lacharme,  of  Lyons,  and  was  sent  out  by 
him  in  1852.  It  is  doubtless  from  one  of  the 
La  Reine  type,  crossed  with  some  monthly 
rose,  probably  a  Bourbon.  The  descendants 
14 


2io  THE    ROSE. 


are  very  numerous,  and  in  spite  of  their 
rather  tender  habits,  form  a  valuable  group, 
being  the  most  free  to  flower  of  them  all.  If 
they  were  fragrant,  they  would  be  unrivalled ; 
but,  alas !  they  are  devoid  of  scent,  and  there- 
fore cannot  rank  as  high  as  the  others.  Fine 
feathers  alone  do  not  make  fine  birds,  and 
surely  fragrance  is  to  the  rose  what  song  is 
to  the  bird.  Its  flowers  are  large,  well  built 
up ;  generally  shades  of  rose  and  pink  prevail ; 
mildew  operates  against  these  more  than 
any  others  except  the  Giant  of  Battles  type. 
Of  all  the  families  it  is  the  best  adapted 
for  forcing  in  winter.  The  leading  varieties 
grown  are  Captain  Christy,  Countess  of  Ox- 
ford, Etienne  Levet,  Hippolyte  Jamain,  Ju- 
lius Finger,  Madame  George  Schwartz,  Made- 
moiselle Eugenie  Verdier,  Marie  Cointet, 
Marie  Finger,  Mrs.  Baker,  Oxonian  (some- 
what fragrant),  President  Thiers,  Pride  of 
Waltham,  Rosy  Morn. 

In  1853,  Jules  Margottin,  of  Bourg-la- 
Reine,  near  Paris,  sent  out  a  fine  rose,  which 
he  called  after  himself.  Though  he  has  been 
raising  seedling  roses  ever  since,  none  of 
them  has  quite  come  up  in  worth  to  his  name- 
sake, the  flowers  of  which  are  large  in  size, 
very  full,  somewhat  flat  in  shape,  in  shades 
of  rose  and  carmine,  and  almost  without  per- 


OLD    AND    NEW   ROSES.  211 

fume.  They  are  generally  free  in  the 
autumn,  are  very  hardy,  though  as  a  rule 
difficult  of  propagation  from  cuttings,  but 
making  very  vigorous  plants  when  budded. 
The  leading  sorts :  Abel  Grand,  Bessie  John- 
son (quite  fragrant),  Charles  Margottin 
(reddish  crimson),  Countess  of  Serenye, 
Duchesse  de  Vallombrosa,  Edward  Morren, 
Egeria,  Emily  Laxton,  John  Hopper,  Magna 
Charta,  Madame  Gabriel  Luizet,  Madame  La- 
charme,  Madame  Louis  Leveque,  Mademoi- 
selle Therese  Levet,  Marchioness  of  Exeter, 
Marguerite  de  St.  Amande,  Marquise  de  Cas- 
tellane,  Miss  Hassard  (scented),  Monsieur 
Noman,  Peach  Blossom,  Princess  Mary  of 
Cambridge,  and  Rev.  J.  B.  M.  Camm,  which  is 
very  sweet. 

The  Senateur  Vaisse  became  known  in 
1859.  In  this  family  we  find  the  most  per- 
fectly formed  flowers;  the  varieties  are  of 
moderate  growth,,  with  smoother  wood  than 
most  of  the  others.  The  foliage  is  more 
round  and  perhaps  of  a  deeper  green.  Ma- 
dame Victor  Verdier,  Monsieur  E.  Y.  Teas, 
and  Mrs.  Laxton  form  the  leading  members. 

Charles  Lefebvre,  one  of  Lacharme's  pro- 
ductions, was  introduced  in  1861.  The  origi- 
nator believes  that  this  came  from  a  cross  of 
Victor   Verdier    and    General  Jacqueminot. 


212  THE   ROSE. 


It  certainly  takes  after  the  characteristics  of 
those  two  sorts.  The  flowers  are  more  wavy 
in  outline  than  in  the  other  families;  the 
growth  is  somewhat  less  vigorous,  the  wood 
more  smooth.  Dr.  Andry,  Glory  of  Ches- 
hunt,  Harrison  Weir,  Horace  Vernet,  Lord 
Macaulay,  Madame  Anna  de  Besobrasoff, 
Marguerite  Brassac,  Mrs.  Harry  Turner,  Paul 
Jamain,  and  W.  Wilson  Saunders  are  the 
leading  kinds. 

Prince  Camille,  which  was  introduced  in 
1 86 1,  by  E.  Verdier,  gives  us  the  darkest  type 
of  roses  which  we  have.  From  appearances, 
we  should  think  it  originated  in  a  natural 
cross  between  varieties  of  the  Giant  of  Battles 
and  General  Jacqueminot  types,  the  charac- 
teristics of  the  latter  predominating.  None 
of  these  bloom  freely  in  autumn,  but  they  are 
magnificent  in  their  dark,  velvety  shades,  as 
seen  in  the  spring.  Baron  Chaurand,  Baron 
de  Bonstetten,  Abel  Carriere,  Henry  Bennett, 
Jean  Cherpin,  Jean  Liabaud,  Jean  Soupert, 
La  Rosiere,  Monsieur  Boncenne,  and  Presi- 
dent Leon  de  St.  Jean  comprise  the  family. 
More  than  the  others,  Abel  Carriere  and  Jean 
Soupert  take  after  Giant  of  Battles. 

Alfred  Colomb,  another  of  Lacharme's 
raising  (1865),  has  a  similar  habit  of  growth 
to  the  Jacqueminot  type,  but  the  thorns  are 


OLD    AND    NEW   ROSES.  213 

less  numerous  and  with  more  of  a  yellowish 
hue.  The  flowers  are  more  globular,  stand 
the  sun  better,  and  are  much  more  freely 
produced,  constituting  a  most  valuable 
family.  The  varieties  are  A.  K.  Williams, 
Fisher  Holmes,  and  Wilhelm  Koelle. 

The  Duke  of  Edinburgh,  sent  out  by 
George  Paul  in  1868,  is  the  only  English  rose 
which  may  be  regarded  as  the  founder  of  a 
family.  The  flowers  are  inclined  to  be 
thinner  in  petal  than  those  of  the  Jacquemi- 
not type,  rather  smaller,  burn  much  more 
quickly  in  the  sun,  and  are  not  constant  in 
autumn.  It  is  a  very  beautiful  family  when 
grown  in  a  moist,  cool  climate ;  but  there  are 
few  of  the  members  that  will  do  well  under 
our  hot  sun.  The  varieties  best  known, 
mostly  of  recent  origin,  are,  Brightness  of 
Cheshunt,  Dr.  Hooker,  Duke  of  Connaught, 
Duke  of  Teck,  Robert  Marnock,  S.  Reynolds 
Hole,  Sultan  of  Zanzibar,  and  The  Shah. 

Baroness  Rothschild  is  the  typical  repre- 
sentative of  a  small  but  very  beautiful  family, 
the  very  aristocracy  of  roses.  It  is  not  a 
new  rose,  but  its  merits  have  not  been  recog- 
nized till  within  a  few  years.  Now  that  the 
florists  have  finally  taken  it  for  winter  forc- 
ing, it  is  becoming  well  known,  but  it  will 
always  command  comparatively  high  prices. 


214  THE    ROSE, 

Twelve  and  fifteen  dollars  for  a  dozen  blooms 
have  been  the  prices  during  the  winter 
months.  Mabel  Morrison,  Merveille  de  Lyon, 
and  White  Baroness  are  three  white  roses  of 
the  type  that  are  to-day  the  special  sensation 
of  the  rose  world.  They  have  the  same 
short-jointed  stems,  with  the  beautiful  foliage 
closely  set  under  the  blooms,  that  are  a 
characteristic  and  pleasing  feature  of  the 
parent.  Mabel  Morrison  is  the  only  one  of 
the  white  trio  which  is  likely  to  be  seen  in 
any  number  for  some  time  to  come;  the 
others  are  but  just  out,  and  florists  will  use 
all  the  wood  the  plants  make  for  propagat- 
ing. Three  white,  hardy  varieties  of  such 
high  rank  as  these  may  well  excite  the 
enthusiasm  of  all  who  grow  roses. 

The  above  description  exhausts  the  divis- 
ions which  may  be  considered  distinct  types. 
Though  there  are  other  roses  which  stand 
aloof,  they  have  few  or  no  followers.  Such 
are  Madame  Charles  Wood,  Caroline  de 
Sansal,  and  a  few  others. 

All  of  the  families  of  roses  so  far  discussed 
are  members  of  the  Hybrid  Remontant  or 
Hybrid  Perpetual  class,  certainly  the  most 
important  of  the  many  groups  of  roses  now 
cultivated ;  but  there  are  others  of  modern 
origin,  which  have  also  strong  claims  on  our 


OLD   AND    NEW  ROSES.  215 

attention,  the  oldest  of  which  is  the  Hybrid 
Noisette  family,  that  may  be  divided  into 
two  sections.  The  original  variety,  Madame 
Recamier,  was  sent  out  by  Lacharme  in  1853. 
Nothing  more  is  known  of  the  origin  of  this 
sort,  other  than  that  one  of  the  parents  is 
supposed  to  have  been  a  Noisette  rose.  Be- 
longing to  this  type  are  Mademoiselle  Bon- 
naire,  Madame  Noman,  Eliza  Boelle,  and 
Madame  Oswald  de  Kerchove.  The  flowers 
are  of  medium  size,  and  of  circular,  very 
beautiful  form.  Though  devoid  of  fragrance, 
the  flowers  are  freely  produced  from  June 
throughout  the  summer;  for  which  reason 
these  varieties  are  to  be  valued  as  most 
charming  acquisitions  on  our  list  of  white  or 
light-tinted  roses. 

In  i860,  Lacharme  sent  out  Madame  Gus- 
tave  Bonnet,  the  head  of  the  second  division 
of  the  Hybrid  Noisette  familjr.  This  variety, 
the  originator  claims,  was  produced  from 
seed  of  Blanche  Lafitte  (Bourbon),  fertilized 
by  Sappho  (Portland).  If  this  be  true,  this 
type  should  go  by  some  other  term  than  Hy- 
brid Noisette ;  but  the  name  has  been  fixed 
by  usage,  and  as  they  have  no  fragrance, 
they  will,  at  all  events,  smell  as  sweet  by 
this  name  as  any  other.  Belonging  to  the 
same   type  as  Madame  Gustave  Bonnet  are 


216  THE    ROSE. 


Louise  Darzens,  Madame  Alfred  de  Rouge- 
mont,  Baronne  de  Maynard,  Coquette  des 
Alpes,  Coquette  des  Blanches,  and  Madame 
Frangois  Pittet,  all  raised  by  Lacharme. 
Madame  Bellenden  Ker,  Perfection  des 
Blanches,  and  Madame  Auguste  Perrin,  of  the 
same  family,  are  the  production  of  other  per- 
sons. These  kinds  differ  from  those  of  the 
Mademoiselle  Bonnaire  type,  in  being  of 
more  vigorous  habit,  of  smoother  wood,  and 
of  more  oval  and  glaucous  foliage,  more  like 
that  of  the  Bourbons.  The  flowers  are  even 
more  freely  produced,  but  are  inferior  in 
quality  to  those  of  the  other  type. 

Gloire  de  Dijon  was  sent  out  in  1853.  In 
its  habit  of  growth,  it  showed  itself  distinct 
from  all  others,  and  has  become  the  head  of 
a  class  now  known  as  Climbing  Teas.  When 
the  plant  has  once  become  established  it  is  of 
vigorous  growth,  and  has  long  been  a  favorite 
as  a  pillar  rose,  both  for  conservatories  and 
in  favorable  situations  out  of  doors.  Its  par- 
entage is  not  known,  but  I  believe  it  must 
have  originated  from  a  natural  cross  between 
a  Bourbon  and  a  tea-scented  Noisette  rose. 
The  most  popular  kinds  of  this  type  are 
Gloire  de  Bordeaux,  Belle  Lyonnaise,  Madame 
Trifle,  Madame  Berard,  Marie  Berton,  Beauty 
of  Europe,  and  Reine  Marie  Pia,  but  none  of 


OLD    AND    NEW   ROSES.  217 

them  has  attracted  the  same  attention  as  the 
old  sort. 

The  most  valuable  type  of  roses  since  Gen- 
eral Jacqueminot  is  the  Hybrid  Tea.  The 
original  of  this  new  race  is  La  France, 
introduced,  in  1869,  by  Guillot,  of  Lyons. 
This  was  raised  from  the  seed  of  a  Tea  rose, 
but  is  entirely  distinct  from  all  tea-scented 
kinds.  In  color  it  is  a  soft,  silvery  rose, 
delicately  tinged  with  a  faint  shade  of  lilac ; 
in  its  fragrance,  a  most  delightful  combi- 
nation of  the  Provenge  and  Tea  perfumes. 
It  blooms  perpetually,  the  end  of  each  shoot 
always  carrying  a  flower-bud,  and  these 
shoots  constantly  pushing  forth.  In  these 
three  qualities,  so  essential  to  a  perfect  rose, 
it  has  scarcely  any  equal,  and  solely  by  its 
intrinsic  merits  has  now  gained  a  popularity 
shared  by  few  or  none  others  of  its  sister- 
hood. Duchess  of  Connaught  and  Vis- 
countess Falmouth,  raised  by  Bennett,  of 
England,  are  varieties  of  the  same  type, 
which  most  nearly  approach  La  France,  both 
in  appearance  and  fragrance.  Next  to  them 
comes  Madame  Alexandre  Bernaix,  raised  by 
Guillot.  Michael  Saunders,  Duke  of  Con- 
naught,  and  Nancy  Lee,  all  varieties  of  Ben- 
nett's, are  very  beautiful ;    but  the  two    last 


21 8  THE   ROSE. 


named  are  of  such  delicate  habit  that  they 
will  never  be  useful  for  general  culture. 

The  Polyantha  Rose  is  of  recent  introduc- 
tion. The  original,  which  is  a  native  of 
Japan,  has  very  small,  single  white  flowers, 
about  the  size  of  a  silver  twenty-five-cent 
piece ;  it  is  of  sarmentous  growth,  quite  hardy, 
and  blooms  in  panicles,  in  the  spring.  Some 
of  the  French  growers  have  raised  seedlings, 
crosses  (natural  or  artificial)  with  Teas  or 
other  classes,  which  are  true  ever-blooming 
roses  and  of  great  merit.  The  varieties  best 
known  are  Paquerette,  Anne  Marie  de  Mon- 
travel,  Mignonette,  and  Cecile  Briinner. 
They  are  more  tender  than  the  parent,  but 
are  quite  as  hardy  as  the  Hybrid  Noisettes 
and  the  Hybrid  Teas.  As  an  edging  for  a 
bed  of  monthly  roses,  nothing  can  be  more 
effective  than  a  row  or  two  of  Paquerette  or 
one  of  the  other  Polyanthas.  They  are  ex- 
tremely beautiful  little  flowers,  which  will 
survive  all  the  sneers  of  the  horticultural 
snobs  who  see  no  beauty  in  a  rose  much 
smaller  in  size  than  a  peony. 

The  attention  of  hybridizers  is  now  di- 
rected toward  crossing  varieties  of  Tea  with 
Hybrid  Remontant  roses,  and  new  sorts  of 
great  value  may  confidently  be  expected  from 


OLD    AND    NEW   ROSES.  219 

the  efforts  which  are  being  made  in  this  line. 
To  obtain  a  variety  which  shall  in  a  large 
degree  combine  the  hardiness  of  La  Reine 
or  Jacqueminot,  with  the  fragrance  and  free- 
blooming  qualities  of  Madame  Bravy  or  Bon 
Silene,  is  surely  worth  striving  for. 

This  leads  us  to  a  consideration  of  the  roses 
of  the  future,  what  they  may  be,  what  they 
should  be.  Roses  of  the  past  have  been  the 
product  of  nature,  unaided  by  the  hand  of 
man.  Roses  of  the  present  also  chiefly  come 
from  sowing  the  seeds  of  varieties  which 
have  not  been  crossed,  except  as  the  crossing 
has  been  a  matter  of  chance  by  natural 
agencies.  In  some  instances  efforts  at  arti- 
ficial hybridization  have  been  recorded  that 
have  given  successful  results.  Roses  of  the 
future  may  and  should  come  principally  as 
the  result  of  artificial  fecundation  and  hy- 
bridization. A  long  essay  would  be  required 
to  treat  this  subject  and  do  it  justice  in  a 
magazine  article.  I  can  only  touch  on  some 
of  the  more  salient  points.  Laffay,  who 
raised  most  of  the  Hybrid  Remontants  of 
value  previous  to  1850,  is  understood  to  have 
produced  many  of  them  by  crossing  artifi- 
cially varieties  of  the  Bourbon  roses  with  the 
old  crimson  Rose  du  Roi.  Vibert,  Hardy, 
and  some  other  of  the  French  rosarians  are 


220  THE    ROSE. 

also  known  to  have  produced  a  great  many 
of  our  most  beautiful  roses  by  manual  fertili- 
zation ;  but  as  no  record  has  been  kept  of  the 
varieties  used  for  the  purpose,  the  result  of 
their  work  is  of  no  use  to  the  hybridizer  of 
this  day  further  than  to  afford  proof  that  de- 
finite results  can  better    be    obtained  from 
artificial  than  from  natural  crosses.     Our  aim 
should  be  to  control  and  assist  nature,  as  far 
as  possible,  in  her  tendency  toward  variation. 
There  has  been  so  much   carelessness,  not 
to  say  ignorance,  with  regard  to  the  parentage 
of  the  various  varieties  of  roses,  that  I  do  not 
think  it  would  be  possible  to  name  fifty  kinds 
and  give  the  parentage  on  both   sides.     For 
the  past  twenty-five  years,  nature  has  been 
so    lavish    in  producing  variations  of  great 
beauty,  that  those  who  have  raised  new  roses 
have    been  content  to  gather  the   heps  and 
sow  the  seed,  depending  on  natural   crosses 
to  produce  new  and  desirable    kinds.     Not 
only  have  they  thus  entirely  relied  on  nature 
to  accomplish  what  they  wished ;    they  have 
not  even  taken  the  pains,  except    in  few  in- 
stances, to  separate  the  seed  of  one  variety 
from  that  of  another,  but  have  sowed  them 
all  promiscuously.     To  trace  the  peculiarities 
of  each  variety,  learning  just  what   influence 
each  parent  had  in  forming  the  qualities  of 


OLD    AND   NEW   ROSES.  221 

the  offspring,  would  be  an  interesting  and 
profitable  study.  I  hold  it  as  an  axiom,  that, 
in  the  progeny  of  any  rose  which  has  been 
crossed  with  another,  the  influence  of  both 
parents  can  be  distinctly  traced. 

Artificial  crossing  and  hybridization  of 
roses  is  generally  performed  by  removing 
with  fine  scissors  the  stamens  of  the  flower 
to  be  operated  on,  and  then  shaking  over  it 
the  flower  of  that  which  contains  the  pollen 
to  be  used,  or  by  gently  dusting  it  on  with  a 
camel's-hair  brush.  In  this  manner  it  is 
supposed  that  the  characteristics  of  each  sort 
will  be  given  in  about  equal  measure  to  the 
progeny.  It  is  not  uncommon  to  cross  varie- 
ties without  removing  the  stamens,  in  which 
case  the  influence  of  the  female  parent  is 
believed  to  preponderate;  but  neither  of 
these  methods  has  been  accurately  proved 
as  to  the  results.  An  interesting  question 
which  arises,  in  connection  with  the  subject 
of  artificial  fertilization,  is  how  far  removed 
from  each  other,  in  the  habit  of  growth  and  in 
other  peculiarities,  may  be  the  varieties  which 
are  to  be  used  as  parents,  without  preventing 
a  successful  crossing  of  the  two. 

In  crossing  roses,  we  are  most  certain  to 
attain  satisfactory  results  by  blending  seed- 
bearing  varieties  which    have  several  char- 


222  THE    ROSE. 

acteristic  features  in  common ;  thus,  varieties 
of  the  same  type  will  nearly  always  effect 
good  crosses,  as  General  Jacqueminot  with 
Xavier  Olibo,  Madame  Victor  Verdier  with 
E.  Y.  Teas ;  but,  on  account  of  a  certain  re- 
semblance which  must  prevail  among  the 
kinds  of  one  type,  we  are  less  likely  to  obtain 
new  sorts  of  any  marked  individuality  than 
would  result  from  hybridizing  varieties  of  one 
group  by  those  of  another  not  too  widely 
separated  group ;  in  other  words,  we  should 
avoid  the  extremes  of  crossing  varieties  too 
much  alike,  and  of  hybridizing  one  kind  by 
another  so  widely  removed  in  characteristics 
that  a  successful,  healthy  progeny  cannot  re- 
sult. Here  is  a  vast  field  still  largely  unex- 
plored in  which  to  study  and  experiment. 
This  is  not  a  matter  to  be  confined  to  scien- 
tists ;  all  who  truly  love  roses,  all  that  have 
some  knowledge  of  their  individual  peculiar- 
ities, may  engage  in  this  fascinating  pursuit 
with  probabilities  of  success. 

"This  is  an  art 
Which  does  mend  nature,  change  it  rather ;  but 
The  art  itself  is  nature. " 

A  common  error  committed  by  the  beginner 
is  in  attempting  to  grow  varieties  that  are  of 
delicate  habit  and  feeble  constitution.     At- 


OLD   AND    NEW  ROSES.  223 

tracted  by  the  great  beauty,  or  fragrance  of 
a  flower,  he  does  not  consider,  or  does  not 
understand,  that  vigor  of  growth,  perpetuity 
of  bloom,  and  perfect  hardiness  are  very  sel- 
dom combined  with  the  qualities  which  have 
allured  him. 

A  pleasing  departure  from  the  usual  method 
of  growing  roses  is  found  in  the  pegging- 
down  system.  Grown  in  this  way,  the  long 
shoots  are  carefully  bent  down  and  fastened 
to  the  ground  by  means  of  hooked  sticks  or 
pegs.  Flower-buds  will  then  push  out  all 
along  the  shoots,  and  a  correspondingly  large 
number  of  blooms  be  obtained.  True,  the 
individual  flowers  are  apt  to  be  of  somewhat 
inferior  quality  to  those  produced  in  the 
ordinary  way,  but  a  mass  of  color  not  other- 
wise obtainable  can  thus  be  had.  I  do  not 
advocate  this  system  to  the  exclusion  of  the 
one  commonly  pursued,  but  its  occasional  or 
alternate  use  is  certainly  capable  of  yielding 
most  satisfactory  results. 

Besides  planting  roses  in  beds,  it  is  well 
to  scatter  them  through  the  borders  of  our 
gardens,  giving  the  favored  positions  to  the 
more  delicate  kinds.  Among  the  best  varie- 
ties which  yet  require  some  extra  care  are 
Eugenie  Verdier — the  most  beautiful  of  the 
Victor  Verdier  type — a  rose  of  very  delicate 


224  THE    ROSE. 


coloring,  silvery-pink,  tinged  with  salmon, 
and  Charles  Lefebvre,  which  is  beautiful  in 
both  flower  and  leaf,  the  color  of  General 
Jacqueminot  deepened  by  a  shade  of  satiny- 
purple.  Among  the  roses  not  sufficiently 
well  known  are  Marguerite  de  St.  Amande,  a 
deep  pink  sort,  which  gives  beautiful  buds 
as  well  as  fine  flowers,  and  blossoms  through 
the  summer  and  autumn  months ;  Baroness 
Rothschild,  a  blush-pink,  with  exquisite  cup- 
shaped  flowers  freely  produced;  Francois 
Michelon,  a  striking  variety,  intermediate  in 
character  between  its  parent  La  Reine  and 
General  Jacqueminot,  thus  uniting  two  rival 
dynasties.  It  has  large,  deep  rose-colored 
flowers,  veined  with  lilac,  and  is  of  splendid 
globular  form.  It  blooms  late,  the  flowers 
not  developing  until  most  others  of  the  same 
class  are  past  their  prime.  Eliza  Boelle  is, 
perhaps,  the  best  white  rose  that  we  have. 
It  blooms  profusely  all  through  the  summer 
months;  the  flowers  are  full,  of  the  most 
perfect,  globular  form,  the  centre  generally 
tinged  with  blush.  It  is  not  possible  to 
imagine  a  flower  of  greater  beauty.  The 
best  of  the  moss-roses  are  Gracilis,  Common, 
and  Crested.  Not  the  least  of  the  qualities 
we  desire  in  a  rose  is  fragrance.  In  this  re- 
gard,   all   varieties   of    all   classes  must   do 


OLD    AND    NEW   ROSES.  225 

homage  to  La  France,  the  sweetest  of  fragrant 
roses.  To  be  sure,  it  is  rather  tender,  but  it 
is  easily  protected  so  as  to  winter  safely.  It 
does  not  always  open  well,  but  it  is  a  simple 
matter  to  assist  it,  an  operation  not  practica- 
ble with  most  varieties  that  open  imperfectly. 
If  the  buds  of  La  France  show  a  tendency  to 
remain  closed,  by  gently  pressing  the  point 
of  the  bloom  with  the  fingers,  and  then  blow- 
ing into  the  centre,  the  flower  will  almost 
invariably  expand,  and  the  pent-up  fragrance 
escape. 

Not  enough  attention  is  given  to  the  Bour- 
bon and  Tea  roses.  The  Hybrid  Remontants 
justly  claim  first  attention,  when  they  are  in 
perfection ;  but  after  the  first  blossoming  is 
over,  throughout  July,  August,  and  Septem- 
ber they  are  much  less  attractive  than  many 
of  the  monthly  roses.  Varieties  like  Bougere, 
Homer,  Madame  de  Vatry,  and  Marie  Van 
Houtte,  will  give  a  continuous  supply  of 
flowers  when  the  so-called  hardy  roses  are  al- 
most or  altogether  out  of  bloom.  How  faith- 
fully the  various  varieties  of  Tea  roses 
reproduce  the  beautiful  tints  often  painted  in 
the  sky  at  sunset  and  at  sunrise !  The  many 
shades  of  rose,  pink,  lilac,  white,  salmon, 
yellow,  etc.,  are  found  in  both  alike,  and  it 
15 


226  THE    ROSE. 


would  often  puzzle  us  to  decide  whether  the 
most  beautiful  combinations  of  these  delicate 
shades  are  found,  in  the  illumined  clouds,  or 
in  the  petals  of  these  roses.  Tea  roses  are 
rather  tender,  but  in  truth  they  have,  in  this 
respect,  been  somewhat  maligned.  Those 
sorts  named  above  are,  in  reality,  but  little 
more  tender  than  La  France,  the  Hybrid 
Noisettes,  and  all  the  Victor  Verdier  race  of 
Hybrid  Remontants.  If  earth  be  hilled  up 
about  the  plants,  and  a  slight  covering  of 
loose  material,  like  branches  of  evergreens, 
be  applied,  the  more  robust  sorts  of  monthly 
roses  will  winter  in  safety.  In  giving  pro- 
tection, care  must  be  taken  not  to  smother 
the  plants  by  entirely  excluding  the  air. 
This  never  occurs  from  the  use  of  evergreen 
branches,  but  if  straw  or  litter  be  taken, 
sticks  or  boards  should  be  used  to  prevent 
the  material  matting  together.  This  is  one 
of  the  cases  where  it  is  possible  to  kill  by 
mistaken  kindness. 

Canon  Hole,  in  his  charming  "  Book  about 
Roses,"  says: 

"  He  who  would  have  beautiful  roses  in  his  gar- 
den must  have  beautiful  roses  in  his  heart.  He 
must  love  them  well  and  always.  He  must  have 
not  only  the  glowing  admiration,  the  enthusiasm, 


OLD   AND    NEW   ROSES.  227 


and  the  passion,  but  the  tenderness,  the  thought- 
fulness,  the  reverence,  the  watchfulness  of  love." 

This  is  the  sum  and  substance  of  success 
in  rose  culture ;  without  this  true  love,  failure, 
partial  or  complete,  is  sure  to  follow. 


CATALOGUE   OF  VARIETIES, 

DESCRIBING   ALL   SORTS    NOW    IN    GENERAL 
CULTIVATION. 

REGISTER  of  this  nature  cannot 
attain  absolute  perfection,  but  I 
have  been  at  great  pains  to  make 
^  it  complete  and  accurate.  As  re- 
gards the  age  of  the  different  varieties  and 
by  whom  sent  out,  I  have  obtained  my  in- 
formation from  the  raisers  themselves,  their 
catalogues,  from  various  horticultural  mag- 
azines and  books,  mostly  French,  and  from  a 
few  amateurs,  who  have  interested  them- 
selves in  the  subject.  Among  these  are 
Mons.  Jean  Sisley,  whose  monograph  of  the 
roses  raised  at  Lyons  has  been  of  valuable 
service.  I  believe  this  will  be  found  much 
the  most  reliable  list  of  the  kind,  but  from 
seeing  so  many  inaccuracies  in  others  of 
similar  character  I  know  there  must  be  some 
errors  in  this.  Any  of  my  readers  who  may 
discover  mistakes  or  misstatements  of  facts 
will  greatly  oblige  by  communicating  with 

228 


CATALOGUE    OF    VARIETIES.         229 


me,  giving  the  authority  which  they  have. 
In  the  descriptions,  the  more  popular  sorts 
are  more  fully  treated  than  those  not  so  well 
known;  where  a  variety  is  described  as  be- 
longing to  a  type,  a  lengthy  description  is 
rendered  unnecessary  and  only  the  most  dis- 
tinctive features  are  given.  A  familiarity 
with  the  contents  of  Chapter  XV.  will  there- 
fore be  a  great  help  to  those  who  wish  to  gain 
a  correct  impression  of  the  varieties  here 
described. 

In  compiling  this  list  the  following  method 
has  been  determined  on  as  the  best.  The 
name  of  the  variety  is  first  given ;  then,  the 
habit  of  growth ;  next,  letters  which  show  to 
what  class  the  variety  belongs ;  then,  in  the 
second  column,  name  of  the  raiser,  and  year 
when  the  rose  was  sent  out ;  afterward,  the 
parentage,  if  known,  or  type  to  which  the 
sort  may  belong ;  and,  lastly,  the  description. 
In  case  of  synonyms,  they  are  placed  in 
brackets  after  the  accepted  name.  It  is  de- 
sirable to  add  the  following,  as  an  explana- 
tion of  the  plan  used  in  describing  varieties : 

Color — the  prevailing  shade  in  the  most 
perfect  development  of  the  flower. 

Size — small,  from  one  to  two  inches  in 
diameter;  medium,  from  two  to  three  inches 
in  diameter;  large,  from  three  to  four  inches 


230  THE    ROSE. 

in  diameter;  very  large,  above  four  inches  in 
diameter. 

Fulness — semi-double,  with  two  to  four 
rows  of  petals;  double,  having  more  than 
four  rows  of  petals,  but  the  seed  organs  are 
shown  when  the  flower  expands;  full,  in 
which  the  expanded  flowers  seldom  show  the 
stamens. 

Form — cupped,  the  inner  petals  are  shorter 
than  the  outer  ones,  the  latter  stand  erect 
and  are  generally  incurved ;  globular,  outer 
petals  are  concave,  often  with  convex  edges, 
the  petals  fold  richly  one  about  the  other; 
reflexed,  numerous  petals,  generally  small, 
rising  tier  above  tier  to  the  centre ;  flat,  the 
surface  of  the  flower  is  level  and  all  the  petals 
are  exposed  to  view — varieties  of  this  kind 
are  very  full  and  rarely  are  seed-bearers. 

Abbreviations  used,  describing  the  habit  of 
growth : 

Vig.,  Vigorous. — Those  sorts  which  are 
most  luxuriant  in  growth. 

Free. — Varieties  which  rank  next  in  order, 
producing  shoots  somewhat  shorter  or  less 
strong  than  the  first. 

Mod.,  Moderate. — These  kinds  make  a 
compact  growth,  but  do  not  produce  long 
shoots. 

Dwf.,  Dwarf. — These  are  the  most  delicate 


CATALOGUE    OF    VARIETIES.         231 


o.r  slow-growing  sorts.  Among  hardy  roses, 
those  marked  dwf.  should,  almost  invariably, 
be  budded. 

It  is  to  be  noted  that  nearly  all  varieties 
which  have  in  them  shades  of  lilac,  violet, 
or  purple  are  very  fleeting  in  color. 

ABBREVIATIONS,    DESCRIBING    THE    CLASSES    TO 
WHICH    THE   VARIETIES    BELONG. 

A. — Austrian. 

Ay. — Ayrshire. 

Bk. — Banksia. 

B. — Bourbon. 

B'lt. — Boursault. 

CI.  T.— Climbing  Tea. 

Dam. — Damask. 

E  v.  — Evergreen. 

Fr. — French. 

H.  Ch.— Hybrid  China. 

H.  CI.— Hybrid  Climbing. 

H.  N.— Hybrid  Noisette. 

H.  R. — Hybrid  Remontant. 

H.  T.—  Hybrid  Tea. 

Mic.  — Microphylla. 

M. — Moss. 

Mult.—  Multiflora. 

N. — Noisette. 

P.  M. — Perpetual  Moss. 


232  THE    ROSE. 

Pol.— Polyantha. 
P. — Prairie. 
Prov.  — Provence. 
S. — Scotch. 
T.— Tea  Roses. 


CATALOGUE   OF    VARIETIES. 


233 


CATALOGUE    OF   VARIETIES. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


1.  A.  Geoff roy-St.-Hi- 
laire,  mod.     H.R. 


2.  A.  M.  Ampere.    H. 
R. 

3.  Abbe   Bramerel, 
mod.    H.R. 

4.  Abbe  Giraudier.  H. 
R. 

5.  Abbe  Reynaud,  vig. 
H.C. 

6.  Abel  Carriere,  mod. 
H.R. 


7.  Abel    Grand,    mod. 
or  free.     H.R. 


8.  Achille  Gonod,  free. 
H.R. 

9.  Acidalie,  free.     B. 

10.  Adam,  mod.     {Syn. 
President.)      T. 

11.  Admiral  Nelson,  vig. 
H.R. 


E.  Verdier,  1878.  Red,  with  a  shade  of 
crimson ;  medium  size,  full ;  fine,  cir- 
cular form,  fragrant  and  free.  Seed  or- 
gans well  developed  ;  seven  leaflets  are 
common,  a  great  rarity  among  dark  va- 
rieties of  this  class. 

Liabaud,  1881.  Raised  from  Lioti  des 
Combats. 

Guillot  fils,  1871.  Raised  from  Giant  of 
Battles.  Crimson,  shaded  with  vel- 
vety purple. 

Levet,  1869.     Bright  rose. 

Guillot  fils,  1863.  Large,  carmine-rose 
flowers,  not  full  enough;  growth  very 
rank. 

E.  Verdier,  1875.  Velvety-crimson,  with 
fiery  centre  ;  large,  full  flowers,  fra- 
grant ;  short  wood,  sharp  red  spines  ; 
shows  traces  of  Bourbon  blood.  A  rose 
of  better  form  and  finish  than  most  of 
the  very  dark  sorts.     Shy  in  autumn. 

Damaizin,  1865.  Jules  Margottin  type. 
Glossy  rose,  large  and  full,  fragrant ; 
unreliable  as  to  form,  often  the  finest 
in  autumn. 

Gonod,  1864.  Raised  from  Jules  Mar- 
gottin.    Rosy-carmine. 

Rousseau,  1837.  Blush,  often  white  ; 
fragrant. 

Adam,  1838.  Salmon-rose,  fragrant ;  es- 
teemed for  forcing. 

Ducher,  1859.  Bright  crimson,  double, 
cupped  form  ;  very  spiny^  straggling 
growth  ;  shows  Bourbon  origin. 


234 


THE  ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


12.  Admiral  Rigney.  Ar. 

13.  A  d  o  1  p  h  e  Brong- 
niard,  mod.     H.R. 

14.  A  d  r  i  e  n  n  e  Chris- 
tophle,  mod.     T. 

15.  African  Black,  mod. 
Fr. 

16.  A  grip  pin  a,  mod. 
{Syn.  Cramoisi- 
Super  ieu  r. )    Beng. 


17.  Aimee  Vibert,  free. 
N. 


18.  Aimee  Vibert  Scan- 
dens,  vig.     Ar. 


19.  Alba  Carnea,   free. 
H.R. 

20.  Alba    Grandiflora, 
vig.     Bk. 

21.  Alba  Mutabilis,  free. 
H.R. 

22.  Alba  Rosea,  free.  T. 

23.  Alexandre   Dutitre. 
H.R. 

24.  Alexandre  Fontaine, 
vig.     H.R. 

25.  Alexandrine    Bach- 
metieff,  mod.     H.R. 

26.  Alfred  Colomb,  free. 
H.R. 


27.  Alfred   de   Dalmas, 
free.     P.M. 


See  Eugene  Pirolle. 

Margottin,  1868.     Carmine-red,   full  fra- 
grant. 
Guillot  fils,  1868.     Apricot-yellow. 

Dark  crimson.     Not  valuable. 

Introduced  to  England  from  China  in 
1789.  Rich  crimson,  specially  valued 
for  its  fine  buds.  A  useful  sort  for 
bedding  out  and  for  forcing.  The  best 
of  the  class. 

Vibert,  1828.  Raised  from  Sempervirens 
Plena.  Pure  white,  small,  double 
flowers,  produced  in  large  clusters; 
seven  leaflets  ;  nearly  hardy. 

Curtis,  1841.  A  sport  from  the  above ; 
identical  with  the  old  kind,  except  that 
it  is  of  stronger  growth.  These  pretty 
sorts  are  both  difficult  to  propagate 
from  cuttings. 

Touvais,  1867.  White,  tinted  with  rose  ; 
foliage  dark  ;  seven  leaflets  are  common. 

Very  small,  full  flowers,  delicately  scent- 
ed. 

E.  Verdier,  1865.  Pink,  sometimes  mot- 
tled, medium  size,  double.  Wood  armed 
with  dark-brown  thorns. 

Sarter,  1855.     See  Madame  Bravy. 

Leveque,  1878.     Bright  rose. 

Cherry-red  ;  mildews  easily;  shy  bloomer. 

Margottin,  1852.  Cherry-red,  rosette 
shape,  medium  size  ;  foliage  dark ; 
wood  armed  with  pale  red  thorns. 

Lacharme,  1865.  Raised  from  General 
Jacqueminot.  Carmine-crimson  ;  large, 
or  very  large,  full ;  of  fine,  globular 
form,  extremely  fragrant;  green  wood, 
with  occasional  pale  green  thorns,  the 
foliage  large  and  handsome.  A  grand 
rose ;  the  most  useful,  in  its  class,  for 
general  cultivation. 

Laffay,  1855.  Pink,  small  flowers,  of 
poor  quality  ;  the  wood  is  %rery  thorny  ; 
straggling  habit. 


CATALOGUE   OF    VARIETIES. 


235 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


28.    Alfred    de    Rouge- 
mont,  free.     H.R. 


29.  Alfred  K.  Williams, 
mod.     H.R. 


■xo.  Alfred  Leveau. 
H.R. 

31.  Alice  Dureau.  H.R. 

32.  Alice    Leroy,   mod. 
or  free.    M. 

33.  Aline    Sisley,  mod. 
T. 

34.  Alpaide  de  Rotalier, 
free.     H.R. 

35.  Alphonse  Damaizin, 
mod.     H.R. 

36.  Alphonse  Karr.     H. 

■37.  Alphonse  Karr.    H. 

R. 
38.   Alphonse    Karr, 

mod.     B. 


39.  Alphonse  M  o  r  1 1  e 
mans,  mod.     T. 

40.  *Alphonse  Soupert, 
vig.     H.R. 

41.  Amabilis,  free.      T. 

42.  Amadis,  vig.  {Crim- 
son Boursault.)B'  It. 

43.  Amazone,  mod.     T. 


44.  Ambrogio  Maggi. 

H.R. 
^5.  Amelie  Hoste.      H, 

R. 
46.  America,  vig.    iV. 


Lacharme,  1863.  Raised  from  General 
Jacqueminot.  Crimson-magenta,  very 
large,  full,  well  built,  fragrant ;  rather 
shy  bloomer. 

Schwartz,  1877.  Magenta-red,  shaded 
with  crimson  ;  large,  full  flowers,  partly 
imbricated.  A  very  beautiful  rose  ; 
but,  thus  far,  not  constant  and  reliable. 

Vigneron,  1880.     Carmine-rose. 

Vigneron,  1867.  Rosy-lilac,  good  globu- 
lar form. 

Trouillard,  1842.  Pink,  semi-double ; 
buds  are  not  mossy.  Armed  with  very 
red  spines. 

Guillot  fils,  1874.  Violet-rose,  not  a  clear 
shade  ;  a  fruity,  pleasant  fragrance. 

Campy,  1863.     Rose-color. 

Damaizin,  1861.     Bright  crimson. 

Portemer,  1845.  Flesh  color,  margined 
with  carmine. 

Feuillet,  1855.  Bright  rose,  medium  size, 
full. 

Nabonnand,  1878.  Raised  from  Duchess 
of  Edinburgh.  Rosy-crimson.  Sent 
out  as  a  Tea  ;  but,  with  its  parent,  is 
better  placed  among  the  Bengals. 
There  is,  as  yet,  no  crimson  Tea. 

Madame  Ducher,  1875.     Lilac-rose. 

Lacharme,  1883.  Large,  very  handsome 
and  showy;  bright  rose  color. 

Touvais.  Flesh  color,  centre  rose  ;  habit, 
branching. 

Laffay,  1829.  Purplish-crimson ;  semi- 
double. 

Ducher,  1872.  Yellow,  reverse  of  petals 
veined  with  rose  ;  long,  well-formed 
buds  ;  habit  delicate. 

Pernet,  1879.  Raised  (rom  John  Hopper. 
Bright  rose. 

Gonod,  1874.  Pink,  reverse  of  petals 
darker. 

C.  G.  Page,  1859.  (Sent  out  by  T.  G. 
Ward,  of  Washington.)     Raised   from 


236 


THE  ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


47.  American     Banner, 
dwf.     T. 


48.  *  American  Beauty, 
vig.    H.R. 


49.  Andre  Dunand, 
mod.     H.R. 

50.  Andre  Leroy,  mod. 
H.R. 


51.  *  Angele    Jacquier, 
free.     T. 


52.  Anicet      Bourgeois. 
H.R. 

53.  Anna  Alexieff,  free. 
H.R. 

54.  Anna  Eliza,  vig.    P. 

55.  Anna  Ollivier,  mod. 
T. 

56.  Anna  Maria,  vig.  P. 
58.  Anne  de  Diesbach, 

vig.    H.R. 


59.  Anne    Marie    Cote, 
free.     H.N. 

60.  Anne  Marie   de 
Montravel,  mod.  Pol. 


Sol/aterre  X  Sa/rano.  Pale  yellow, 
with  fawn  centre  ;  large,  full  flowers  ; 
more  shy  than  either  parent. 

G.  Cartwright,  1879.  (Sent  out  by  Peter 
Henderson.)  A  sport  from  Bon  Si- 
lene.  Carmine,  striped  with  white, 
semi-double;  the  flowers  and  foliage  are 
both  small.  Of  no  value  except  as  a 
curiosity. 

Hon.  G.  Bancroft ;  sent  out  by  George 
Field  &  Bro.,  1885.  Large,  globular; 
deep  pink,  shaded  with  carmine  ;  deli- 
cious odor ;  has  proved  to  be  a  most 
desirable  variety  for  forcing. 

Schwartz,  187 1.  Raised  from  Victor 
Verdier.  Silvery  rose  ;  fades  quickly 
and  often  opens  badly. 

Trouillard,  1868.  (Sentout  by  Standish.) 
Crimson,  with  a  shade  of  violet ;  an 
attractive  color,  but  very  transient ; 
often  ill-formed. 

Guillot,  1879.  Pale  rose,  sometimes  flesh, 
base  of  petals  tinged  with  coppery  yel- 
low ;  very  sweet,  free  flowering.  A 
lovely  Tea,  bearing  some  resemblance 
both  to  Catherine  Mertnet  and  Rubens. 

Moreau-Robert,  1880.  Raised  from  Sen- 
ateur  Vaisse  X  Madame  Victor  Ver- 
dier.    Cherry-red,  cupped  form. 

Margottin,  1858.  Rose  color,  large,  full 
flowers,  freely  produced. 

Williams.  Red,  tinged  with  lilac,  nu- 
merous thorns. 

Ducher,  1872.     Buff,  shaded  with  rose. 

Feast,  1843.     Pale  pink;  very  few  thorns. 

Lacharme,  1858.  Raised  from  La  Reine. 
In  color,  the  most  lovely  shade  of  car- 
mine; very  large,  double  flowers,  fra- 
grant ;  one  of  the  hardiest.  A  very  de- 
sirable garden  rose. 

Guillot  fils,  1875.  White,  sometimes 
tinged  with  pink. 

Rambaux  &  Dubreuil,  1879.  Very  small, 
full,  white  flowers,  somewhat  fragrant. 
Resembles  Paquerette. 


CATALOGUE    OF    VARIETIES. 


237 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


6i.*AnnieCook,vig.  T. 


62.  Annie  Laxton,  mod. 
H.R. 

63    Annie   Wood,  mod. 
or  dwf.    H.R. 

64.  Antheros.     T. 

65.  Antoine  Devert.    T. 

66.  Antoine  Ducher, 
mod.    H.R. 

6j.  Antoine  Mouton, 
vig.    H.R. 


68.  Antoine    Quihou, 
H.R. 

69.  Antoine   Verdier, 
mod.    H.R. 


70.  A  n  t  o  n  i  a  Decarli, 
vig.    a.  T. 

71.  Apolline,  vig.     B. 


72.  Archduke    Charles, 
mod.     Beng. 

73.  Archimede,  free.  T. 


74.  Ardoise    de    Lyon, 
vig.     H.R. 


Cook,  1888.  An  American  seedling  from 
Bon  Silene  ;  delicate  shade  of  pink, 
changing  to  white  under  glass  in  winter, 
vigorous  and  free-blooming.  This  vari- 
ety has  several  good  qualities,  but  the 
shape  of  the  bud  detracts  from  its  value 
for  forcing  purposes. 

Laxton,  1869.  (Sent  out  by  Geo.  Paul.) 
Satiny  rose,  medium  or  large  size,  very 
full. 

E.  Verdier,  1866.  Bright  crimson  with  a 
shade  of  vermilion  ;  a  good  autumnal 
rose. 

Lepage.     Flesh  color,  shaded  with  yellow. 

Gonod,  1880.  White,  tinged  with  pink, 
reverse  of  petals  shaded  salmon. 

Ducher,  1866.  Violet-red ;  large,  well- 
shaped  flowers,  fragrant ;  wood  very 
thorny.     The  color  is  very  fleeting. 

Levet,  1874.  Deep  rose,  tinged  with  lilac, 
not  unlike  Paul  Neyron  ;  it  is  more 
fragrant  and  more  hardy,  but  in  color 
and  size  is  below  that  sort. 

E.  Verdier,  1879.     Brownish-crimson. 

Jamain,  1871.  Rose  shaded  with  lilac, 
well-formed  buds,  no  perfume ;  the 
color  is  muddy.  This  sort  would  not 
improperly  be  classed  among  the 
Hybrid  Teas,  as  it  resembles  them  in 
habit  as  well  as  in  continuity  of  flower- 
ing. 

Levet,  1873.  May  be  briefly  described  as 
an  inferior  Gloire  de  Dijon,  from  which 
sort  it  was  raised. 

V.  Verdier,  1848.  Raised  from  Pierre  de 
St.  Cyr.  Rosy-pink;  large,  cupped 
flowers.  The  most  useful  of  all  Bour- 
bons for  open  air. 

Laffay.  Rosy-crimson,  variable  in  color, 
sometimes  deep  marbled  rose. 

Robert,  1856.  Rosy-fawn,  the  centre 
darker  ;  ill-formed  flowers  are  frequent. 
A  good  rose  when  in  perfection,  and  of 
excellent  habit. 

Plantier,  1865.  (Sent  out  by  Damaizin.) 
Violet  rose,  a  poor  color. 


238 


THE   ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


75.  Aristide  Dupuis, 
vig.  H.C. 

76.  Artheraise,  free. 
H.R. 


77.  Arthur  de  Sansal. 
H.R. 

78.  Augusta.     N. 

79.  Auguste  Buchner. 
H.R. 

80.  Auguste  Mie,  free. 
{Madame  Rival.)  H. 
R. 

81.  Auguste  Neumann. 
H.R. 

82.  Auguste  Oger,  mod. 
T. 

83.  Auguste  Rigotard. 
H.R. 

84.  Auguste  Vacher.   T. 

85.  *Augustine  Guinoi- 
seau,  vig.    H.  T. 


86.  Auretti,  vig.     H.C. 

87.  Aureus.     T. 

88.  A  v  o  c  a  t  Duvivier. 
H.R. 

89.  Baltimore  Belle, 
vig.     P. 

90.  Baron  Adolphe  de 
Rothschild,  free. 
H.R. 

91.  Baron  Alexandre  de 
Vrints.     T. 

92.  Baron  Chaurand, 
vig.    H.R. 

93.  Baron  de  Bonstet- 
ten,  vig.    H.R. 


94.  Baron  Gonella,  vig. 
B. 


Touvais,  1866.  Purplish-rose,  a  muddy 
hue  ;  double  or  full,  fragrant ;  of  no 
value. 

Moreau-Robert,  1876.  Deep  rose  color ; 
rather  small,  cup-shaped  flowers,  not 
unlike  Apolline.  Only  worthy  of  a 
place  in  very  large  collections. 

Cochet,  1855.  Raised  from  Giant  0/ 
Battles.     Deep  crimson. 

See  Solfaterre. 

Leveque,  1880.     Reddish-purple. 

Laffay,  1851.  Raised  from  La  Reine. 
Glossy  pink.  One  of  the  most  tender 
of  this  type. 

E.  Verdier,  1870.  Red,  shaded  with  vio- 
let. 

Oger,  1850.    Coppery-rose. 

Schwartz,  1871.  Cherry-red,  somewhat 
like  Dupny  Jamain. 

Lacharme,  1853.     Coppery-yellow. 

Guinoiseau,  1889.  Flowers  white,  slightly 
tinted  with  flesh.  Sometimes  called 
White  La  France.  Valuable  for  forc- 
ing. 

Crimson-purple  ;  fades  very  quickly. 

Ducher,  1873.     Coppery-yellow. 

Leveque,  1875.     See  Marechal  Vaillant. 

Feast,    1843.     Pale    blush,    changing    to 

white. 
Lacharme,  1862.     Bright  red,  shaded  with 

crimson ;  mildews  easily. 

Gonod,  1880.     Raised  from  Madame  de 

Tartas.     Delicate  rose. 
Liabaud,  1869.    See  Baron  de  Bonstetten. 

Liabaud,  1871.  Velvety  maroon,  shaded 
with  deep  crimson,  somewhat  lighter  in 
shade  than  Prince  Camille,  and  rather 
smalhr  in  size,  but  with  a  little  more 
substance  ;  shy  in  autumn,  but  a  grand 
rose. 

Guillot  pere,  1859.  Bronzed  rose,  well 
formed,  fragrant  ;  non-autumnal. 


CATALOGUE    OF    VARIETIES. 


239 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


99 


IOI 
102 

io3 


104 

105, 

106 
107 

108 


Baron  Haussmann, 
free.     H.R. 

Baron  Taylor,  free. 
H.R. 


Baron    de    Roths- 
child, free.     H.R. 

Baroness   Roths- 
child, mod.     H.R. 
(Madame  de  Roths- 
child.) 


Baronne  d  e  May- 
nard,  mod.  or  free. 
H.N. 

,  Baronne  de  Prailly. 
H.R. 

Baronne  de  Was- 
senaer   free.    M. 

Baronne  Louise 
Uxkull,   free.     H.R. 

Baronne  Prevost, 
vig.    H.R. 


Levet, 


Barthelemy 
mod.     H.R. 

Beaute  de  1' Europe, 
vig.     CI.  T. 

Beauty   of 
wood.     Ev. 

Beauty    o  f 
mount,  vig. 

Beauty    o  f 
ford,  mod. 


Glazen 

Green 
N. 

Staple- 
H.T. 


E.  Verdier,  1867.  Dark  red,  large,  well- 
built  flowers. 

Dougat,  1879.  A  sport  from  John  Hop- 
per. Pink.  Only  differs  from  the  pa- 
rent in  shade  ;  it  does  not  appear  to  be 
constant. 

Guillot  fils,  1862.  Raised  from  General 
Jacqueminot.     Amaranth-red. 

Pernet,  1867.  Light  pink,  sometimes 
shaded  with  rose  ;  large,  or  very  large; 
cupped  form,  very  symmetrical,  with- 
out fragrance;  the  wood  is  short-jointed, 
thick,  light  green,  armed  with  occa- 
sional light  green  thorns ;  one  of  the 
hardiest,  but  does  not  propagate  from 
cuttings.  A  very  distinct,  beautiful 
rose,  free  blooming,  and  greatly  valued, 
both  as  an  exhibition  and  a  garden  sort. 

Lacharme,  1865.  From  Blanche  Lajitte 
X  Sappho.  White,  edge  of  petals  often 
tinged  with  pink  ;  small  size,  compact 
form. 

Liabaud,  1871.  Bright  red,  large,  very 
full  ;  often  does  not  open  well. 

V.  Verdier,  1854.  Deep  rose;  buds  pretty, 
and  quite  well  mossed. 

Guillot  fils,  1871.  Carmine-rose  ;  large, 
highly  scented  flowers. 

Desprez.  (Sent  out  by  Cochet,  in  1842.) 
Pure  rose  color,  very  large,  very  full, 
flat  form ;  a  free  bloomer,  fragrant, 
very  hardy.  The  shoots  are  stout  and 
stiff. 

Levet,  1878.     Bright  rose. 

Gonod,  1881.   Gloire  de  Dijon  type.  Deep 
yellow;  reverse  of  petals  coppery-yellow. 
See  Fortune's  Yellow. 

Pentland,  1854.     Rosy-red. 

Bennett,  1879.  Raised  from  Alba  Rosea 
X  Countess  0/  Oxford.  Red,  tinged 
with  violet,  large,  well-formed,  prettily 
shaped  buds,  without  fragrance ;  the 
color  is  not  pleasing,  too  soon  becom- 
ing muddy.     Very  subject  to  mildew. 


240 


THE   ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


109.  Beauty  of  Waltham, 
free.     H.R. 


no.  Belle  Americaine, 

mod.     H.R. 
in.  Belle  Fleurd'Anjou, 

mod.     T. 

112.  Belle     Lyonnaise, 
vig.     CI.  T. 

113.  Belle  Maconnaise, 
free.     T. 

114.  Belle    Normande, 
free.     H.R. 

115.  Bennett's  Seedling, 
vig.     Ay 

116.  Benjamin  Drouet, 
free.     H.R. 

117.  B  e  r  n  a  r  d  Palissey, 
free.    H.R. 

118.  Berthe  Baron,  free. 
H.R. 

119.  Bessie    Johnson, 
mod.     H.R. 

120.  Bignonia,  mod.     T. 

121.  Black   Prince,    free. 
H.R. 

122.  Blanche  de  Beau 
lieu,  free.     H.R. 

123.  Blanchefleur,  free 
Fr. 


124.  Blanche    Lafitte, 
free.     B. 

125.  Blanche  Moreau. 
P.M. 

126.  *  Blanche    Rebatel, 
dwf.    Pol. 

127.  Blanche    Vibert. 
Dam. 


W.  Paul,  1862.  Rosy-crimson,  medium, 
or  large  size,  fragrant  ,  it  has  the  habit 
of  throwing  out  side-shoots  from  nearly 
every  eye.  This  is  still  a  sort  to  com- 
mend. 

Daniel  Boll  (New  York),  1837.  Deep 
pink,  double,  small,  well  formed. 

Touvais,  1872.  Silvery-rose,  large; rather 
good. 

Levet,  1869.  Raised  from  Gloire  de 
Dijon.  Pale,  lemon-yellow  ;  less  pro- 
ductive than  the  parent.     A  fine  sort. 

Ducher,  1870.     Pale   salmon-rose. 

Oger,   1864.     A    sport  from    La  Reine. 

Silvery-rose. 
Bennett.     Pure   white,  small,  double. 

E.  Verdier,  1878.  Red,  shaded  with  pur- 
ple. 

Margottin,  1863.  Red,  medium  size,  very 
full,  fragrant  ;  often  comes  ill-formed, 
sometimes  is  very  fine. 

Baron-Viellard,  1868.  Raised  horn  Jules 
Margottin.     Delicate  rose  color. 

Curtis,  1872.  A  sport  from  Abel  Grand. 
Blush,  highly  scented. 

Levet,  1872.     Red. 

1866.  Purchased  and  sent  out  by  W. 
Paul.  Dark  crimson  ;  not  considered  a 
reliable  sort,  occasionally  it  is  very  fine. 

Margottin,  1851.  Deep  pink,  large,  loose 
flowers  ;  rather  tender. 

Vibertj  1846.  White,  tinged  with  blush, 
medium  size,  flat,  very  full,  highly 
scented.  One  of  the  earliest  to  blossom; 
the  flowers  produced  in  great  profusion. 
A  valuable  garden  rose. 

Pradel,  1851.     Blush-white. 

Moreau-Robert,  1880.     White,  claimed  to 

be  a  true  remontant. 
Bernaix,    1889.       Carmine    shaded    with 

rose;  flowers  small,  produced  in  clusters 

of  forty  to  fifty  blooms. 
Vibert,  1838.     See  Portland  Blanche. 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


241 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


128.  Blairii    No.   2,  vig. 
H.Ch. 


129.  Boieldieu,   vig.     H. 
R. 


130.  Bon    S  i  1  e  n  e,  free, 
(Silene.)     T. 


131.  Bougere,    free.     T, 


132.  Boule   de  Nanteuil, 
mod.  or  free.     Fr. 

133.  Boule    de   Neige, 
free.     H.N. 

134.  Boule  d'Or,  dwf.  or 
mod.     T. 

135.  Bouquet  d'Or,   vig 
N. 

136.  Bouton  d'Or,   mod. 
T. 

137.  Brennus,    vig.    H. 
Ch. 


138.  *  Bride,  free.     T. 


130.  *  Bridesmaid,  mod, 
{Hugh.)  T. 


16 


Blair.  Pink,  large,  double ;  much  es- 
teemed in  England  as  a  Pillar  rose. 
We  do  not  value  it  highly  for  this  cli- 
mate. 

Garcon,  1877.  (Sent  out  by  Margottin- 
fils.)  Belongs  to  Baronne  Prevost 
type.  Cherry-red,  very  large  and  full, 
flat  form  ;  will  probably  supersede  Ma- 
dame Boll.  This  is  more  productive, 
has  slimmer  wood,  smaller  foliage, 
stouter  thorns  than  Madame  Boll.  The 
latter  sort  has  five  leaflets  only,  this 
has  commonly  seven ;  remembering 
this,  it  is  easy  to  distinguish  between 
them. 

Hardy,  1839.  Deep  salmon-rose,  illum- 
ined with  carmine,  medium  size,  semi- 
double,  highly  scented,  very  free  flow- 
ering. This  is  only  desirable  in  the  bud 
state  ;  for  many  years  it  has  been  a 
leading  kind  for  forcing.  The  English 
florists  have  not  yet  discovered  its 
value. 

1832.  Bronzed  pink,  large  and  full,  thick 
petals ;  one  of  the  hardiest.  An  old 
variety,  yet  one  of  the  most  desirable. 

Crimson- purple,  fades  easily  ;  worthless. 

Lacharme,  1867.  White,  small,  very  full, 
does  not  root  from  cuttings. 

Margottin,  i860.  Deep  yellow,  large, 
very  full ;  does  not  open  well. 

Ducher,  1872.  Yellow,  with  coppery  cen- 
tre, large,  full. 

Guillot  fils,  1866.  Orange-yellow,  medium 
size. 

Laffay,  1830.  Deep  red,  shaded  with 
violet.  We  now  have  almost  the  same 
shade  in  Cheshunt  Hybrid,  a  more 
useful  sort. 

J.  N.  May,  1885.  A  sport  from  Cathe- 
rine Mermet.  Pure  white,  large,  fine 
form,  very  fragrant,  free  bloomer,  ad- 
mirably adapted  for  forcing. 

Moore,  1892.  A  sport  from  Catherine 
Mermet,  described  as  being  of  a  rich 
clear  pink,   superior  to  the  parent  in 


242 


THE  ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


140.  Brightness  of  Ches- 
hunt.    H.R. 

141.  *  Brighton   Beauty, 
vig.     H.T. 

142.  *Bruce  Findlay,  vig. 
H.R. 

143.  Cabbage. 

144.  Camille    Bernardin, 
free  or  vig.    H.R. 


145.  Camoens.    H.  T. 

146.  Canary,  dwf.     T. 

147.  Cannes  LaCoquette, 
mod.    H.T. 

148.  Captain  Christy, 
mod.  or  dwf.    H.  T. 


149.  Captain    John   In- 
gram, free.    M. 

150.  Captain  Lam  u  re, 
mod.     H.R. 

151.  *  Captain  Lefort, 

152.  Cardinal      Patrizzi, 
mod.     H.R. 

153.  Carl    Coers,    vig 
H.R. 

154.  Caroline,  mod.     T. 

155.  Caroline  Cook,  mod. 
T. 


cloudy  weather,  as  it  holds  its  color 
much  better. 

G.  Paul,  1881.  Belongs  to  Duke  of  Ed- 
inburgh type.     Vivid  red,  medium  size. 

Rich'd  Bagg.  Sent  out  by  J.  N.  May,  1891. 
Bright  red  flowers  produced  in  great  pro- 
fusion all  summer;  suitable  for  bedding. 

Paul  &  Son,  1891.  "Large,  beautifully 
shaped,  bright  crimson." 

See  Centifolia. 

Gautreau,  1865.  Raised  from  General 
Jacqueminot.  Light  crimson,  medium 
size,  semi-cupped  form,  fragrant ;  does 
not  bloom  until  late  in  the  season,  and 
then  the  flowers  fade  easily ;  never 
very  productive. 

Schwartz,  1881.  Pale  rose,  base  of  petals 
yellow. 

Guillot  pere,  1852.  Canary-yellow,  beau- 
tiful little  buds,  delicate  habit. 

Nabonnand,  1877.  Raised  from  La 
France.  Salmon,  with  a  shade  of  red. 
Much  behind  the  parent  in  value. 

Lacharme,  1873.  Raised  from  Victor 
Verdi er  X  Safrano.  Delicate  flesh 
color,  deepening  in  shade  toward  the 
centre,  medium  size,  sometimes  large, 
full ;  the  foliage  when  young  somewhat 
resembles  Mahonia  leaves.  Ill-shaped 
flowers  are  not  uncommon,  but  it  is  a 
most  lovely  sort  when  in  perfection. 

Laffay,  1856.  Purple-crimson,  color  non- 
dark,  small  foliage,  in  five 


permanent 

leaflets. 
Levet,    1870. 

violet. 
Bonnaire,  1 


Dark    red,    tinged    with 


Large,  purplish-rose,  re- 
verse of  petals  China  rose. 

Trouillard,  1857.  Giant  of  Battles  type. 
Crimson,  with  a  tinge  of  purple. 

Granger,  1865.     Purple-red. 

Rosy-flesh,  deeper  toward  centre;  prettily 

formed  buds. 
A.  Cook,   1871.     Raised   from    Safrano. 

Apricot-yellow,  with  a  shade  of  rose ; 

not  a  valuable  sort. 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


243 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


156.  *  Caroline  d'Arden, 
vig.     H.R. 

157.  Caroline  de  Sansal, 
vig.    H.R. 


158.  Caroline  Marniesse, 
free.    N. 

159.  Caroline  S  c  h  m  i  1 1. 
N. 

160.  Catherine  Bell,  free. 
H.Cl. 

161.  Catherine     Guillot. 
B. 

162.  Catherine    Mermet, 
mod.  or  free.     T. 


163.  Catherine    Soupert, 
mod.  H.R. 

164.  *  C  e  c  i  1  e  Brunner, 
mod,  Pol. 


165.  Celine,  dwf.     M. 

166.  Celine  Forestier, 
vig.    N. 

167.  Cels-Multi flora, 
mod.     Bene-. 

168.  Centi  folia,  free. 
(Cabbage  ox  Common 
Provence.)   Prov. 

169.  Centifolia  Cristata, 
free.     Dam. 

170.  Centifolia  Rosea, 
mod.    H.R. 


A.  Dickson  &  Sons,  1888.  Very  large, 
full;  pure  soft  rose  color  j  of  delightful 
fragrance;  petals  of  great  substance. 

Desprez,  1849.  (Sent  out  by  Hippolyte 
Jamain.)  Flesh  color,  deepening 
toward  the  centre ;  large,  full  flowers, 
flat  form,  often  indented  ;  subject  to 
mildew ;  very  hardy.  An  unreliable 
sort,  but  beautiful  when  in  perfection; 
generally  it  is  of  better  quality  in  Sep- 
tember than  in  June. 

Roeser,  1848.  Creamy  white,  small  and 
full ;  seven  leaflets,  nearly  hardy. 

Schmitt,  1881.  Raised  from  Solfaterre. 
Salmon-yellow,  changing  to  pale  yellow. 

Bell  &  Son,  1877.  Rose  color,  large, 
loose  flowers  ;  very  poor. 

Guillot  fils,  1861.  Raised  from  Louise 
Odier.     Rose  color. 

Guillot  fils,  1869.  Flesh  color,  with  the 
same  silvery  lustre  seen  in  La  France  ; 
large,  full,  well  formed  ;  not  very  pro- 
ductive, yet  not  a  shy  bloomer ;  very 
beautiful  in  the  bud  ;  when  the  flowers 
expand  they  exhale  a  delightful  per- 
fume.    The  finest  of  all  the  Teas. 

Lacharme,  1879.     Rosy-peach  ;  distinct. 

Mme.  Ducher,  1890.  A  hybrid  from 
Polyantha  simplex  fertilized  by  a  Tea. 
Salmon-pink,  with  deep  salmon  centre  ; 
very  small,  full,  delicately  centred ; 
admirable  in  bud  and  open  flower. 

Robert,  1855.     Crimson-purple. 

Trouillard,  i860.  Pale  yellow,  deepen- 
ing toward  the  centre  ;  the  hardiest  of 
the  Tea-scented  section. 

Cels,  1838.  Flesh  color,  very  free-bloom- 
ing. 

Rose  color,  large,  full,  globular,  fragrant. 
A  very  desirable  garden  variety. 

Vibert,  1827.  Large,  pink  flowers,  not 
crested,  fragrant  and  good. 

Touvais,  1863.  Bright  rose,  circular,  shell 
form  ;  light  green  wood,  with  numerous 
red  thorns  ;  foliage  crimpled. 


244 


THE  ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


171.  Charles  Baltet.    H. 
R. 

172.  Charles    Darwin, 
free.    H.R. 


173.  Charles  Duval.  H. 
R. 

174.  Charles  Fontaine. 
H.R. 

175.  Charles  Getz,  vig. 
B. 

176.  Charles  Lawson, 
vig.     H.Ch. 

177.  Charles  Lefebvre, 
free.  {Marguerite 
Brassac.)    H.R. 


178.  Charles    Margottin, 
mod.    H.R. 


E.  Verdier,  1877.  Carmine-red,  medium 
size,  full,  fragrant. 

Laxton,  1879.  (Sent  out  by  G.  Paul.) 
Raised  from  Madame  Julie  Daran. 
Brownish-crimson,  with  a  shade  of  vio- 
let, very  beautiful  and  distinct ;  mil- 
dews easily. 

E.  Verdier,  1877.     Red,  medium  size. 


Fontaine,  li 


Crimson,  fragrant. 


180.  Charles    Rouillard. 
H.R. 

181.  Charles  Rovolli, 
free.     T. 


182.  Charles   Turner, 
free.    H.R. 


A.  Cook,  1871.  Rosy-pink,  medium  size, 
full,  fragrant ;  shy  in  autumn. 

1853.  Light  rose  color,  large,  full,  frag- 
rant ;  5  leaflets  ;  useful  for  pillars. 

Lacharme,  1861.  Claimed  to  have  been 
raised  from  General  Jacqueminot  X 
Victor  Verdier.  Reddish-crimson, 
sometimes  with  a  shade  of  purple,  very 
velvety  and  rich,  but  fading  quickly ; 
large,  full,  thick  petals,  beautifully 
formed.  There  are  a  few  thorns  of  light 
red  ;  the  wood  and  foliage  are  of  light 
reddish-green.     A  splendid  rose. 

Margottin,  1864.  A  seeding  of  Jules 
Margottin.  Fiery  red,  shaded  with 
crimson  ;  large,  full  flowers  ;  retains 
the  color  well ;  smooth,  reddish  wood, 
armed  with  occasional  red  spines ;  fo- 
liage slightly  crimpled.  An  excellent, 
distinct  rose,  quite  unlike  the  parent  in 
habit.  It  doubtless  comes  from  a  nat- 
ural cross  of  some  dark  sort  like  Charles 
Lefebvre  on  Jules  Margottin. 

E.  Verdier,  1865.     Pale  rose,  well  formed. 

Pernet,  1875.  Carmine  rose,  not  unlike 
Bon  Silene,  from  which  variety,  so  far 
as  our  observation  goes,  it  differs  only 
in  being  inferior. 

Margottin,  1869.  Crimson  vermilion, 
large,  full  flowers,  flat  form,  resembling 
General  Washington;  wood  armed 
with  numerous  dark-red  thorns.  A  shy 
bloomer. 


CATALOGUE   OF    VARIETIES. 


245 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


183.  Charles  Verdier, 
dwf.    H.R. 


184.  Chenedolle,  vie. 
H.Ch. 

185.  Cheshunt     Hybrid, 
vig.    H.  T. 


186.  *Cheveral,  vig.    M. 

187.  Christian  Puttner, 
dwf.     H.Ch. 

188.  *Christine  de  Noue, 
vig.     T. 

189.  Christine  Nilsson, 
free.     H.R. 

190.  Claire  Carnot,  vie. 
N. 

191.  *  Clara  Cochet,  vie. 
H.R. 

192.  Clara  Sylvain,  mod. 
(Lady  Warrender.) 
Beng. 

193.  Claude  Bernard, 
mod.    H.R. 

194.  Claude  Levet.  H. 
R. 

195.  *Claudine  Perreau, 
vig.     T. 


196.  Clemence  Raoux, 
vig.     H.R. 

197.  Clement   Nabon- 
nand,  free.     T. 

198.  *Cleopatra,  mod.  T. 


Guillot  pere,  1866.  A  seedling  of  Victor 
Verdier.  Pink,  with  a  tinge  of  salmon  ; 
globular,  full  flowers  ;  thorns  dark  red.' 
A  bad  one  to  open,  and  fades  very  soon. 

Bright  red,  large,  double ;  shoots  very 
spiny,  5  to  7  leaflets. 

G.  Paul,  1872.  Beiieved  to  be  a  natural 
cross  from  Madame  de  Tart  as  X 
Prince  Camille  de  Rohan.  Red,  shad- 
ed with  violet ;  large,  full,  slightly  fra- 
grant ;  very  distinct.  A  good  rose,  free 
in  the  spring,  but  shy  in  autumn. 

Moreau-Robert,  1887.  Large,  full,  very 
double ;  rich  bronze  red,  changing  to 
dark  purplish-crimson ;  fragrant. 

Oger,  1861.  Deep  violet-rose  ;  an  impure 
shade. 

Guillot,  1890.  Very  large  and  full,  deep 
purplish-red,  centre  lake  and  clear  pur- 
ple ;  sweet. 

Leveque,  1867.  Rose  color.  In  the  way 
of  Madame  Boutin. 

Guillot  fils,  1873.  Pale  yellow,  somewhat 
in  the  way  of  Celine  Forestier,  but 
more  fragrant. 

Lacharme,  1886.  Clear  satiny  rose,  with 
brighter  centre  ;  large  and  full. 

Madame  Pean.  White,  strongly  infused 
with  Tea  blood. 

Liabaud,  1878.  Raised  from  Jules  Mar- 
gottin.  Rose  color  ;  little  fragrance  ; 
not  a  desirable  sort. 

Levet,  1872.     Velvety  red,  fragrant. 

Lambert,  1887.  A  seedling  of  Souvenir 
d'un  Ami,  with  full,  globular,  pink 
flowers;  flower-stems  stiff,  blooms  well 
displayed. 

Granger,  1868.  (Sent  out  by  Charles  Lee.) 
A  washed-out  pink;  large,  fragrant 
flowers,  quartered  shape  ;    worthless. 

Nabonnand,  1877.  Light  yellow,  shaded 
with  rosy-salmon  ;  not  valuable. 

Bennett,  1890.  Large  and  beautiful;  pale 
pink;  long  pointed  buds,  produced  on 
stiff  stems. 


246 


THE   ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


199.  Climbing  Captain 
Christy.     H.Cl. 


200.  Climbing  Bessie 
Johnson,  vig.    H.Cl. 

201.  Climbing  Charles 
Lefebvre,  free.  H. 
CI. 

202.  Climbing  Countess 
of  Oxford,  free.  H. 
CI. 

203.  Climbing  Devo- 
niensis,  vig.     CI.  T. 


204.  Climbing  Ed  w  ard 
Morren,  vig.     H.Cl. 

205.  Climbing  Jules  Mar- 
gottin,  vig.    H.Cl. 


206.  Climbing  Madame 
Victor  Verdier.  H. 
CI. 

207.  Climbing  Mademoi- 
selle Eugenie  Ver- 
dier, free.    H.Cl. 


208.  *  Climbing 
tos,  vig.     T. 


Niphe- 


209.  *Climbing  Perle  des 
Jardins,  vig.     T. 


210.  Climbing    Victor 
Verdier,  free.    H.  CI. 

211.  *  Climbing  Victor 
Verdier,  free.    H.Cl. 


Ducher  &  Sceur,  1881.  Flowers  are  like 
the  old  variety,  from  which  it  is  a  sport, 
but  the  shoots  are  more  slender  and 
longer. 

G.  Paul,  1878.  A  sport  from  Bessie  John- 
son. Like  the  parent,  except  more 
vigorous. 

Cranston,  1876.  Not  any  stronger  in 
growth  than  the  original. 

Smith,  1875.     Of  no  value. 


S.  J.  Pavitt,  1858.  (Sent  out  by  Henry 
Curtis.)  A  sport  from  Devoniensis. 
This  seems  to  us  as  productive  as  the 
old  sort,  and  its  extra  vigor  of  growth 
is  an  advantage. 

G.  Paul,  1879.  A  sport,  likely  to  make 
a  very  useful  pillar  rose. 

Cranston,  1875.  A  sport  from  Jules  Mar- 
gottin.  Flowers  are  the  same  as  in  the 
old  sort,  except  being  a  little  smaller, 
and  for  this  reason  it  is  finer  in  the  bud 
state.  The  best  of  all  the  climbing 
sports  ;  highly  commended  as  a  useful 
pillar  rose. 

Cranston,  1877.     A  humbug. 


G.  Paul,  1877.  "  Light  rosy-salmon ; 
like  all  these  climbing  sports  the  flowers 
become  smaller,  and  are  produced  more 
freely  than  the  type." 

Keynes  &  Co.,  1889.  A  very  vigorous, 
rapid-growing  climbing  sport  from  the 
well-known  Tea  rose  Niphetos.  Flow- 
ers identical  with  those  of  the  type. 

J.  Henderson,  1890.  A  sport  from  the 
well-known  variety.  Identical  with  the 
parent  except  in  growth,  the  sport  being 
of  vigorous  climbing  habit. 

G.  Paul,  1871.  Flowers  somewhat  small- 
er and  less  freely  produced  than  in  the 
old  sort. 

G.  Paul,  1871.     Carmine-rose. 


CATALOGUE   OF    VARIETIES.         247 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


,  Cloth  of  Gold,  vig. 
(Chromatella.)     N. 


213.  Clothilde.     T. 

214.  Clothilde     Rolland, 
H.R. 

215.  *  Clothilde  Soupert, 
vig.    Pol. 


216.  Col.  de  Rougemont. 
mod.     H.R. 

217.  Colonel  de    Sansal, 
mod.     H.R. 

218.  Cornice  de  Seine-et- 
Marne,  mod.     B. 

219.  Cornice  de  Tarn-et- 
Garonne,  mod.     B. 

220.  Common  Moss,  free. 
{Old  Moss.)    M. 


221.  Comte   A.  de  Ger- 
miny.     H.R. 

222.  Comte  d'Eu.    B. 

223.  Comte  de  Flandres. 
H.R. 

224.  Comte  de  Grivel.  T. 

225.  Comte    de  Morte- 
mart,  free.     H.R. 

226.  Comte  de  Nanteuil, 
vig.    H.Ch. 

227.  Comte  d  e   Paris, 
mod.  or  dwf.     T. 

228.  Comte    de  Sembui, 
mod.     T. 


Coquereau,  1843.  Raised  from  Lamar- 
que.  Deep  yellow  centre  with  sul- 
phur edges  ;  large,  full  flowers.  A 
grand  rose,  but  difficult  to  grow  well. 

Rolland,  1867.  Creamy -white,  centre 
rosy  salmon. 

Rolland,  1867.     Cherry-rose. 

Soupert  et  Notting,  1890.  Medium  size  j 
very  double  and  beautifully  imbricated 
like  an  aster ;  produced  in  clusters ; 
pearly-white,  with  rosy-lake  centres' 
liable  to  vary,  producing  often  red  and 
white  flowers  on  same  plant. 

Lacharme,  1853.  Of  the  Baronne  Pre'vost 
type.     Light  rose. 

Jamain,  1874.     Carmine-red. 

Pradel,  1842.     Deep  red  shaded  with  vio- 
let. 
Pradel,  1852.     Carmine-red,  well  formed. 

Pale  rose,  very  beautiful  in  the  bud.  Dif- 
ficult to  propagate  from  cuttings.  None 
others  in  the  class,  except  Crested  and 
Gracilis,  can  rank  with  this  in  quality. 

Leveque,  1881.  Raised  irova.  Jules  Mar- 
gottin.     Bright  rose. 

Lacharme,  1844.  Raised  from  Gloire  des 
Rosomanes.     Bright,  rosy-crimson. 

Leveque,  1881.  Raised  from  Madame 
Victor  Verdier.  "  Reddish-purple,  vel- 
vety, illumined  with  carmine." 

Levet,  1871.  Raised  from  Canary.  Pale 
yellow. 

Margottin  fils,  1880.  Rose  color,  very 
fragrant  ;  smooth,  pale-green  wood. 

Quetier,  1852.  Light  rose,  large,  full 
flowers,  sometimes  with  green  centre ; 
not  unlike  Chenedolle. 

Madame  Pean,  1844.  Flesh  color,  large 
flowers. 

Madame  Ducher,  1874.  Salmon  and  rose, 
the  base  of  petals  coppery-yellow ; 
large,  full  flowers,  often  malformed. 
A  grand  rose  when  well  grown,  but  too 
unreliable. 


248 


THE  ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


229.  Comte  de  Thun-Ho- 
henstein.     H.R. 

230.  Comte  T  a  v  e  r  n  a , 
mod.     T. 

231.  *  Comtesse  Anna 
Thun,  vig.      T. 

232.  Comtesse  Cecile  de 
Chabrillant,  mod.  H. 
R. 


233.  Comtesse    de     Bar- 
bantane,  free.     B. 

234.  Comtesse     de     Ca- 
mondo.     H.R. 

235.  Comtesse  de  Caser- 
ta.     T. 

236.  Comtesse   de   Choi- 
seuil.    H.R. 

237.  *  Comtesse  de  Frig- 
neuse,  vig.     T. 

238.  *  Comtesse    Horace 
de  Choiseul,  vig.    T. 

239.  Comtesse    de    La- 
barthe,  free.     T. 

240.  Comtesse  de  Ludre. 
H.R. 

241.  Comtesse    de    Mu- 
rinais,  vig.     M. 

242.  Comtesse     de     Na- 
daillac,  mod.     T. 

243.  Comtesse  de  Segur. 
Prov. 

244.  Comtesse   de    Sere- 
nye,  mod.    H.R, 


Leveque,  1880.     Reddish-crimson. 
Ducher,  1871.     Pale  yellow. 

Soupert  et  Notting,  1887.  Golden  orange- 
yellow;  large,  full,  cupped, very  fragrant. 

Marest,  1859.  Satiny-pink,  never  above 
medium  size,  full,  fragrant ;  of  perfect 
globular  form  ;  numerous  dark  thorns 
of  small  size ;  foliage  dark  and  tough. 
A  lovely  rose. 

Guillot  pere,  1858.  Raised  from  Louise 
Odier.     Blush,  shaded  with  rose. 

Leveque,  1880.     Red,  shaded. 

Nabonnand,  1877.     Coppery-red. 

Mottheau,  1878.  Cherry-red,  shaded 
with  crimson,  in  the  style  of  Marie 
Rady. 

Guillot  et  Fils,  1886.  Delicate  canary 
yellow  ;  large,  full,  well  formed  ;  bud 
long  and  pointed  ;  free  flowering. 

Leveque,  1885.  Delicate  rose,  shaded 
with  coppery- yellow  ;  large,  full,  and 
finely  formed. 

Bernede,  1857.  Pink  shaded  with  car- 
mine rose  ;  pretty  in  the  bud.  (Syn. 
Desse  de  Brabant.) 

E.  Verdier,  1879.     Carmine-red. 

Vibert,  1843.  White,  tinged  with  flesh ; 
not  inclined  to  mildew. 

Guillot  fils,  1871.  Coppery-yellow,  il- 
lumined with  carmine-rose  ;  large,  full, 
distinct  and  effective  ;  highly  esteemed. 

V.  Verdier,  1848.     Buff-white. 

Lacharme,  1874.  Said  to  be  raised  from 
La  Reine,  but  it  shows  more  of  the 
Jules  Margottin  characteristics.  Sil- 
very-pink, often  mottled  ;  a  full,  finely 
shaped,  globular  flower,  of  medium  size; 
slightly  fragrant  ;  wood  light  green,  fo- 
liage darker,  thorns  red,  seven  leaflets. 
Not  reliable  about  opening,  but  a  very 
free  bloomer,  and  well  worthy  a  place  in 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


249 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


245.  Comtesse  Henriette 
Combes.     H.R. 

246.  Comtesse    Nathalie 
de  Kleist.     H.R. 

24J.  Comtesse    Riza    du 
Pare,  free.     T. 


248.  Comtesse  Ouvaroff, 
free.     T. 

249.  Constantin    Tretia- 
koff.     H.R. 

250.  Copper,  mod.    A. 

251.  Coquette  des  Alpes, 
vig.    H.N. 


252.  Coquette  des  Blan- 
ches, free  or  vig.  H, 
N. 


253.  Coquette  de   Lyon, 
mod.     T. 

254.  Cornelie  Koch,  free. 
(Cornelia  Cook.)    T. 


255.  Countess     of    Har- 
rington, free.     Fr. 

256.  Countess  of  Oxford, 
mod.     H.R. 


257.  Countess   of    Rose- 
berry,  mod.     H.R. 


a  small  collection.     One  of  the   most 
distinct ;  of  great  beauty  when  grown 
under  glass. 
Schwartz,  1881.     Bright  satiny-rose. 

Soupert  et  Notting,  1880.     Coppery-rose, 

reverse  of  petals  lake. 
Schwartz,   1876.     Raised  from    Comtesse 

de  Labarthe.     Bronzed    rose,   with   a 

carmine  tint ;  medium  size,  moderately 

full,  highly  perfumed. 
Margottin,  1861.     Salmon-pink. 

Jamain,  1877.  Cherry-red,  large,  double, 
without  fragrance. 

Coppery -red,  very  striking  shade,  semi- 
double. 

Lacharme,  1867.  Raised  from  Blanche 
Lafitte  X  Sappho.  White,  tinged  with 
blush ;  size,  medium  to  large ;  semi- 
cupped  form,  the  wood  is  long- jointed. 
A  very  desirable  white  rose. 

Lacharme,  1871.  Same  parentage  as 
above.  White,  sometimes  tinged  with 
blush  ;  of  medium  size,  very  full,  some- 
what flat,  but  pretty  ;  growth  bushy. 
An  improvement  on  Baronne  de  May- 
nard  and  Madame  Alfred  de  Rouge- 
mont. 

Ducher,  1870.  Pale  yellow  ;  medium  or 
small  size  ;  pretty  in  bud,  and  useful 
for  bedding. 

A.  Koch,  1855.  Raised  from  Devonien- 
sis.  White,  sometimes  faintly  tinged 
with  pale  yellow  ;  very  large,  full  ;  not 
a  free  bloomer.  This  is  quite  apt  to 
come  with  a  green  centre.,  but  is  a  grand 
rose  when  well  grown,  excelling  all  other 
white  Teas. 

Cup-shaped,  white  flowers,  double,  pro- 
duced in  abundance. 

Guillot  pere,  1869.  Raised  from  Victor 
Verdier.  Carmine-red,  tinged  with 
lilac,  fades  quickly  ;  flowers  very  large 
and  full ;  subject  to  mildew, 

R.  B.  Postans,  1879.  (Sent  out  by  Wm. 
Paul  &  Son.)  Belongs  to  the  Victor 
Verdier  type.     Cherry-red. 


250 


THE   ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


258.  Coupe  d'Hebe,  vig. 
H.Ch. 

259.  Cramoisi-Superieur, 
free.  (Agrippina.) 
Beng. 

260.  Crested  Moss,  free 
(Crzstata,  or  Crested 
Provence.)    M. 


261.  Crimson   Bedder, 
dwf.     H.R. 

262.  Crimson  Moss,  free. 
M.m 

Crimson  Perpetual. 

263.  *  Crimson     Queen, 
vig.     H.I?. 


264.  Crown   Prince.     H. 
R. 

265.  *Danmark,  vig. 
H.R. 

266.  David  Pradel,  mod. 
T. 

267.  Dean    of    Windsor, 
mod.    H.R. 

268.  De     la     Grifferaie, 
vig.    Mult. 

269.  Delille,  mod.    P.M. 

270.  De       Luxembourg, 
mod.  or  free.     M. 

271.  De      Meaux.      dwf. 
(Pompon.)    M. 

272.  Desprez,  vig.     N. 

273.  Deuil  de  Paul  Fon- 
taine, vig.     M. 

274.  Devienne  Lamy, 
mod.    H.R. 


Laffay.  Deep  pink,  medium  or  large 
size,  cup-form  ;  seven  leaflets.  A  fine, 
distinct  sort. 

Plantier,  1834.  Rich,  velvety  crimson, 
double  ;  fine  in  the  bud.  A  good  bed- 
ding variety. 

Discovered  on  the  wall  of  a  convent  near 
Fribourg,  and  sent  out  by  Vibert,  1827. 
Deep,  pink-colored  buds,  surrounded 
with  a  mossy  fringe  and  crest ;  free 
from  mildew.  A  fragrant,  very  beauti- 
ful rose. 

Cranston,  1874.  Belongs  to  Giant  0/ 
Battles  type.     Crimson. 

Lee.     Crimson,  semi-double  ;  poor. 

See  Rose  du  Roi. 

W.  Paul  &  Son,  1890.     Very  large,  full ; 

of    beautiful    globular    form  ;    velvety 

crimson,  shaded  with  fiery  red  in  the 

centre  and  with  maroon  on  the  outer 

petals. 
W.  Paul  &  Son,  1880.     Reddish- crimson, 

tinged  with  purple. 
W.  Paul  &  Son,  1890.     "  Flowers  large,  a 

little  deeper  in  color  than  La  France, 

which  it  resembles." 
Pradel,  1851.     Lilac-rose,  large  size. 

Turner,  1879.  Vermilion,  large,  full 
flowers. 

1846.  Lilac-rose.  This  variety  makes  a 
valuable  stock  on  which  to  bud  strong- 
growing  kinds. 

Robert,  1852.  Red,  tinged  with  lilac,  flat 
form,  fragrant,  not  mossy.    Of  no  value. 

Hardy.    Crimson,  not  attractive. 

Found  growing  in  a  garden  at  Taunton, 
about  1825.  Pink  color,  small,  full 
flowers. 

Desprez,  1838.  Rose,  blended  with  cop- 
pery-yellow, highly  scented. 

Fontaine,  1873.  Red,  shaded  crimson, 
large,  full  ;  not  mossy  ;  worthless. 

Leveque,  1868.  Carmine-red,  well  formed  ; 
a  good  sort. 


CATALOGUE   OF    VARIETIES. 


25I 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


275.  Devoniensis,     mod 
or  free.     T. 


276.  Diana.    H.R. 

277.  D  i  n  g  e  e  -  Conard, 
mod.     H.R. 

278.  *Dinsmore,  vie. 
H.R. 

279.  Dr.  Andry,  free.  H. 
R. 


280.  Doctor  Arnal,  dwf. 
H.R. 

281.  Doctor  Berthet.    T. 

282.  Doctor  Chalus,  free. 
H.R. 

283.  Doctor  Henon,  dwf. 
H.R. 


284.  Doctor  Hogg,  free. 
H.R. 

285.  Doctor  Hooker,free. 
H.R. 

286.  Doctor    Kane,    vig. 
or  free.     N. 

287.  Doctor  Marx,  mod. 
H.R. 

288.  *   Dr.  Pasteur,  vig. 
H.T. 


289.  Doctor  Sewell,     H. 
R. 


Foster,  1841.  (Sent  out  by  Lucombe, 
Pince  &  Co.)  Raised  from  Yellow  Tea. 
Creamy-white,  centre  sometimes  tinged 
with  blush,  very  large,  almost  full ;  one 
of  the  most  delightfully  scented.  Either 
this  or  the  climbing  variety  should  be 
in  every  collection  ;  though  neither  is 
very  productive. 

W.  Paul,  1874.     Deep  pink. 

E.  Verdier,  1875.  Violet  -  crimson,  il- 
lumined with  red,  medium  size,  com- 
pact. 

Peter  Henderson,  1887.  Scarlet  -crim- 
son, large,  double,  very  fragrant,  free 
bloomer. 

E.  Verdier,  1864.  Rosy -crimson,  large, 
semi-cupped  flowers,  double,  sometimes 
full,  fades  badly ;  foliage  large  and 
glossy ;  wood  moderately  smooth  ; 
thorns  large  and  red.  A  better  rose  in 
England  than  in  this  country. 

Roeser,  1848.  Red-shaded  with  crimson  ; 
medium  or  small  size  ;  a  free  bloomer, 
subject  to  mildew. 

Fernet,  1878.     Pale  rose,  deeper  in  centre. 

Touvais,  1871.  Vermilion,  shaded  with 
crimson  ;  large,  double  or  full,  fragrant ; 
a  good  seed-bearer. 

Lille,  1855.  White,  centre  shaded,  me- 
dium size,  full ;  often  malformed,  and 
subject  to  mildew.  Belongs  to  the  old 
Portland  group. 

Laxton,  1880.  (Sent  out  by  George  Paul.) 
Deep  violet-red,  medium  size. 

G.  Paul,  1876.  Raised  from  Duke  0/ 
Edinburgh.  Crimson,  with  a  shade  of 
velvety  purple. 

Pentland,  1856.  Sulphur- yellow,  large, 
fine  flowers  ;  difficult  to  grow  well. 

Laffay,  1842.  Red,  tinged  with  violet ;  a 
bad  shade. 

Moreau-Robert,  1887.  Rosy-carmine,  a 
fine  clear  shade;  flowers  globular,  finely 
formed;  free  flowering;  dark,  rich  foli- 
age. 

Turner,  1879.  Bright  crimson,  tinged 
with  purple,  large,  full.     A  good  rose. 


252 


THE   ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


290. 
291, 

292, 

293- 
294. 

295. 

296. 

297. 

298. 
299. 

300. 
301. 
302, 
303. 
304 
3°5' 
306, 

307. 
308, 


,  Double  Margined 
Hep,  free.     Dam. 
Douglass,     free. 
Beng. 

Duarte  d'Oliveira, 
vig.     N. 

Due  d'Aumale,  free. 
{General  Due  d1 
Aumale.)     H.R. 

Due  de  Cazes,  free. 
H.R. 

Due  de  Magenta, 
free.     T. 

Due  de  Montpen- 
sier,  free.    H.R. 

Due  de  Rohan,  free. 
H.R. 

Ducher,  free.  Beng. 

Duchesse   de   Cam- 
baceres,  vig.     H.R. 
,  Duchesse   de     Cay- 
lus,  mod.     H.R. 

Duchesse  de    Char- 
tres.     H.R. 
,  Duchesse     d'Istrie, 
mod.     M. 

,  Duchesse  de  Morny, 
vig.     H.Ch. 
,  Duchesse  d' Orleans, 
free.     H.R. 
,  Duchesse    de   Thu- 
ringe,  free.     B. 
,  Duchesse    de     Val- 
lombrosa,  mod.     H. 
R. 

,  Duchesse    de    Val- 
lombrosa.     T, 
,  *  Duchess  of   A 1  - 
bany,  vig.    H.  T. 


White,  tinged  with  pink,  flat  form,  full ; 

good. 
V.  Verdier,  1848.     Crimson,  medium  size, 

double,   fine   in   the   bud.    A  valuable 

variety  for  house  culture. 
Brassac,   1880.     Raised    from   Ophirie  X 

Rive  a"  Or.     Salmon -rose,  coppery  at 

base,  medium  size,  full. 
E.  Verdier,  1875.     Crimson;  a  good  sort, 

not  unlike  Maurice  Bernardin. 

Touvais,  i860.  Violet  ■  crimson,  not  a 
pure  shade  ;  double  ;  numerous  stout 
thorns. 

Margottin,  1859.  Flesh,shaded  with  fawn, 
thick  petals,  full.     A  large,  good  tea. 

Leveque,  1876.  Red,  shaded  with  crim- 
son ;  a  good  sort. 

Leveque,  1861.  Vermilion,  large,  well 
formed. 

Ducher,  1869.     Pure  white,  well  formed. 

Fontaine,  1854.  Lilac-rose,  impure  color ; 
double. 

C.  Verdier,  1864.  Rosy -crimson,  large, 
double. 

E.  Verdier,  1875.     Bright  rose. 

Portemer,  1857.     Rose  color,  not  valuable. 

E.    Verdier,    1863.     Bright    rose ;    erect 

growth  ;  mildew. 
Quetier,  1852.     Blush,  large,  full :  often 

opens  badly,  and  is  subject  to  mildew. 
Guillot  pere,  1847.    White,  slightly  tinged 

with  lilac  ;  a  free  bloomer. 
Schwartz,     1875.      Raised    from    Jules 

Margottin.     Pink,   generally    opens 

badly  ;  not  valuable. 
Nabonnand,  1879.     Coppery-red,  distinct. 

W.  Paul  &  Son,  1888.  A  sport  from  the 
well-known  and  popular  La  France, 
While  it  resembles  its  parent  in  several 
respects,  it  is  quite  distinct  in  color,  be- 
ing of  a  rich,  deep,  even  pink  tint,  and 
the  shape  is  more  finished;  it  is  equally 
vigorous,  free  blooming  and  fragrant. 


CATALOGUE   OF    VARIETIES. 


253 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


309.  Duchess     of     Con- 
naught,  dwf.    H.  T. 


310.  Duchess  of  Bedford, 
mod.    H.R. 

311.  Duchess    of    Edin- 
burgh, mod.    H.R. 


312.  Duchess    of    Edin- 
burgh, mod.     Beng. 


313.  Duchess  of  Norfolk, 
free.    H.R. 

314.  Duchess  of  Suther- 
land, vig.     H.R. 

315.  Duchess  of  West- 
minster,  mod.  or 
dwf.    H.T, 


316.  Duke    of   Albany. 
H.R. 

317.  Duke    of    Con- 
naught,  mod.    H.R. 


318.  Duke  of  Connaught, 
dwf.  or  mod.    H.  T. 


Bennett,  1879.  Raised  from  President 
X  Duchesse  de  Vallombrosa  (H.R.) 
Silvery-rose;  of  large,  globular  form  ; 
full,  highly  scented.  Resembles  La 
France,  but  the  flowers  are  more  circu- 
lar, the  foliage  larger  and  better.  It 
retains  its  globular  form,  the  petals  re- 
curving to  a  less  extent ;  but  La  France 
is,  notwithstanding,  much  the  better 
sort. 

R.  B.  Postans.  1879.  (Sent  out  by  W. 
Paul  &  Son.)  Belongs  to  the  Victor 
Verdier  type.     Cherry-red  ;  very  good. 

Dunand,  1874.  (Given  by  the  raiser  to 
Schwartz,  by  him  sold  to  Henry  Ben- 
nett, who  sent  it  out.)  Belongs  to  Jules 
Margottin  type.     Pink,  not  valuable. 

Nabonnand,  1874.  (Sent  out  by  Veitch.) 
Raised  from  Souvenir  de  David 
d: Angers.  A  Bengal  with  Tea  blood. 
Crimson,  turning  lighter  as  the  bud  ex- 
pands; of  good  size,  moderately  full. 

Margottin,  1861.  (Sent  out  by  Wood.) 
Rosy-red,  medium  size,  cup-shaped  ;  a 
shy  bloomer,  and  not  valuable. 

Laffay,  1840.  Rosy-pink,  large,  full;  shy 
in  autumn. 

Bennett,  1879.  Raised  from  President  X 
Marquise  de  Casteilane.  Satiny- 
pink,  shaded  with  rose,  sometimes  the 
color  is  carmine-rose  ;  large,  full  flowers, 
with  a  faint  Tea  odor.  The  flowers 
.  are  apt  to  be  irregular  and  not  of  good 
finish,  the  buds  are  generally  good. 
Subject  to  mildew. 

W.  Paul  &  Son,  1882.     Crimson. 

G.  Paul,  1875.  Deep,  velvety-crimson, 
with  a  fiery  flush  ;  medium  size,  full, 
well  formed ;  burns  badly,  very  shy  in 
autumn.  In  England  this  is  one  of  the 
finest  dark  roses ;  we  have  seen  it  in 
grand  form  at  the  raiser's,  but  it  has  no 
value  for  out-door  culture  in  this  coun- 
try. 

Bennett,  1879.  Raised  from  President 
X  Louis  Van  Houtte.     Rosy -crimson, 


254 


THE   ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


319.  Duke  of  Edinburgh, 
vig.    H.R. 


320.  Duke  of  Teck,  vig, 
H.R. 


321.  Duke  of  Wellington, 
mod.     H.R. 

322.  Dumnacus,     mod. 
H.R. 

323.  Dupe  tit  Thouars, 
vig.     B. 

324.  Dupuy  Jamain,free. 
H.R. 


.  Du  Roi. 

325.  Earl     of     Beacons- 
field,  dwf.     H.R. 

326.  *  Earl  of    Dufferin, 
vig.    H.R. 


327.  *  Eclair,  vig.    H.R. 

328.  Eclatante,  free.    M. 


large,  full,  well  formed,  good  in  bud, 
almost  without  fragrance  ;  the  buds  do 
not  always  open.  A  fine  rose  when 
well  grown,  but  it  will  never  be  useful 
for  ordinary  cultivators. 

G.  Paul,  1868.  Raised  from  General 
Jacqueminot.  Bright  crimson,  large, 
double  flowers,  little  fragrance  ;  foliage 
large  and  attractive.  Occasionally  this 
is  very  fine  early  in  the  season,  but  the 
flowers  lack  substance  and  durability  of 
color.  It  is  more  shy  in  the  autumn 
than  the  parent ;  not  to  be  commended 
for  general  culture. 

G.  Paul,  1880.  Raised  from  Duke  0/ 
Edinburgh.  Very  bright  crimson  ;  not 
well  tested  in  this  country ;  we  were 
much  pleased  with  it  as  seen  at  Ches- 
hunt. 

Granger,  1864.  Red,  shaded  with  crim- 
son. 

Moreau-Robert,  1880.  Raised  from  Coun- 
tess 0/ Oxford.     Carmine-red. 

Portemer,  1844.  Raised  from  Emile 
Courtier.  Deep  red,  shaded  with  crim- 
son ;  hardy,  non-autumnal. 

Jamain,  1868.  Cherry-red,  with  a  shade 
of  crimson  ;  large,  double,  well  formed, 
fragrant;  a  good  seed -bearer.  Were 
this  more  full,  it  would  be  a  rose  of  the 
first  rank. 

See  Rose  du  Roi. 

Christy,  1880.  (Sent  out  by  G.  Paul.) 
Cherry -rose,  medium  size,  beautiful 
form. 

A.  Dickson  &  Sons,  1887.  Rich  brilliant 
velvety-crimson,  shaded  with  dark  ma- 
roon; large,  full,  finely  formed;  delight- 
ful fragrance.     A  vigorous  grower. 

Lacharme,  1883.  Fiery  red,  large,  hand- 
some, in  the  way  of  Charles  Le/ebvre. 

Cherry-rose,  buds  of  good  form,  well 
mossed ;  darker  than  the  Common  or 
Prolific,  one  of  the  best.  Why  this 
rose  has  passed  out  of  cultivation  we 
do  not  know  ;  there  are  but  three  in 
the  class  as  good. 


CATALOGUE   OF    VARIETIES. 


255 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


329.  *  Edith  Gifford,  vig. 
T. 

330.  Edmund      Wood, 
mod.     H.R. 

331.  Edward  Andre, free. 
H.R. 

332.  Edward    Desfosses, 
free.    B. 

333.  Edward    Dufour, 
free.     H.R. 

334.  Edward  Jesse,  free. 
H.R. 

335.  Edward    Morren, 
vig.    H.R. 


336.  Edward   Pynaert, 
free.    H.R. 


337.  Egeria,  dwf .  or  mod, 
H.R. 


338.  Elie    Morel,     mod 
H.R. 


339.  Elise     Flory,    mod. 
Beng. 

340.  *  Elise  Fugier,  vig. 
T. 


341.  Elise  Sauvage,  dwf. 
(V  enfant  trouve.) 
T. 

342.  Elise  Boelle,  mod. 
or  dwf.     H.N. 


Guillot  fils,  1882.  Large  and  full,  flesh 
color  ;  centre  salmon-rose  changing  to 
white. 

E.  Verdier,  1875.  Red,  flowering  in 
corymbs  ;  short,  reddish  wood. 

E.  Verdier,  1879.  Red,  tinged  with  pur- 
ple. 

Renard-Courtier,  1840.  Carmine  -  rose, 
medium  size,  double,  or  nearly  full, 
fragrant.     An  excellent  rose. 

Leveque,  1877.  Raised  from  Annie 
Wood.     Crimson,  tinged   with    purple. 

Deep  rose,  small,  double. 

Granger,  1868.  (Sent  out  by  Charles  Lee.) 
Raised  from  Jules  Margottin.  Deep 
cherry -rose,  large,  flat  flowers,  very 
full ;  sometimes  comes  with  a  green 
centre.     A  fine  sort  when  well  grown. 

Schwartz,  1877.  Raised  from  Antoine 
Ducher.  Red,  shaded  with  crimson- 
purple,  a  bad  color ;  medium  or  small 
size,  fragrant. 

Schwartz,  1878.  (Sent  out  by  Bennett.) 
Raised  from  Jules  Margottin.  Salmon- 
pink,  a  very  lovely  shade  ;  medium  size, 
full,  semi-globular  ;  not  of  good  consti- 
tution. For  experienced  cultivators 
this  is  a  superb  sort. 

Boucharlat,  1867.  (Sent  out  by  Liabaud.) 
Lilac-rose,  full,  fragrant ;  green  wood, 
with  occasional  red  spines  ;  the  char- 
acter  of  its  growth  is  not  pleasing.  Shy 
in  autumn. 

Guillot  pere,  1852.     Shaded  rose. 

Bonnaire,  1890.  Seedling  of  Niphetos, 
described  as  resembling  it  in  form  of 
bud,  but  of  better  habit ;  color  rich 
creamy-white. 

Miellez,  1818.  Orange -yellow,  medium 
size,  full. 

Guillot  pere,  1869.  White,  delicately 
tinged  with  pink,  medium  size,  full, 
beautiful  circular  form  ;  light  green 
wood,  armed  with  numerous  small 
spines.     A  lovely  rose. 


256 


THE  ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


343.  Elizabeth  Vigneron, 
free.     H.R. 


344.  Emile    Courtier, 
free.     B. 

345.  Emilia  P  Ian  t  i  er  , 
free.  H.N. 

346.  Emilie    Hausburgh. 
free.    H.Ch. 


347.  Emily  Laxton.    //. 
R. 

348.  Empereur    de    Ma- 
roc,  mod.     H.R. 

349.  Empereur  de  Bresil. 
H.R. 

350.  Empress    of    India, 
free.    H.R. 


351.  *  Ernest  Metz,  vig. 
T. 

352.  Ernest   Prince.     H. 
R. 

353.  Etienne  Dupuy,vig. 
H.Ch. 

354.  Etienne  Levet,mod. 
H.R. 

355.  Etna,  mod.     M. 

356.  Etoile  de  Lyon.     T. 

357.  *  Etoile  d'Or,  dwf. 
Pol. 


Vigneron,  1865.  (Sent  out  by  W.  Paul.) 
Raised  from  Duchess  of  Sutherland. 
Bright  pink,  fragrant  ;  an  inferior  Miss 
Hassard. 

Portemer.  Bright  red,  a  good  seed- 
bearer. 

Schwartz,  1878.  Yellowish -white,  semi- 
double,  sometimes  double,  ill  formed  ; 
utterly  worthless. 

Leveque,  1868.  Lilac-rose,  a  muddy 
shade ;  large,  full,  globular  form,  fra- 
grant. Its  bad  color  destroys  its  use- 
fulness. 

Laxton,  1877.  (Sent  out  by  G.  Paul.) 
Belongs  to  Jules  Margottin  type. 
Cherry-rose,  good  in  the  bud. 

Guinoiseau,  1858.  (Sent  out  by  E.  Ver- 
dier.)  Belongs  to  Giant  of  Battles 
type.     Crimson,  tinged  with  purple. 

Soupert  et  Notting,  1880.     Magenta-red. 

Laxton,  1876.  (Sent  out  by  G.  Paul.) 
Raised  from  Triomphe  des  Beaux 
A  rts.  Brownish  -  crimson,  medium 
size,  globular,  fragrant ;  dark  green 
foliage,  spines  light  colored.  Many  of 
the  buds  do  not  open  well,  and  it  is  shy 
in  the  autumn  ;  a  splendid  sort  when 
perfect. 

Guillot,  1888.  Large,  full,  finely  formed; 
soft  carmine-rose;  bud  long,  handsome. 

Ducher  &  Sceur,  1881.  Raised  from  An- 
toine  Ducher.     Red,  shaded  in  centre. 

Levet,  1873.  Light  rose  color,  medium 
size,  cupped  shape  ;  thick  shoots,  nearly 
smooth  ;  tough  foliage. 

Levet,  1871.  Raised  from  Victor  Ver- 
dier.  Carmine-red  ;  one  of  the  finest 
in  the  type. 

Laffay,  1845.  Crimson,  tinged  with  pur- 
ple.    Not  of  first  rank. 

Guillot,  1881.  Deep  yellow  ;  a  rival  for 
Perle  des  Jar  dins. 

Dubreuil,  1889.  Flowers  medium  size, 
citron -yellow  in  color  in  the  centre, 
shading  to  pale  chrome -yellow,  very 
free  flowering  and  pretty. 


CATALOGUE   OF    VARIETIES. 


257 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


358.  Eugene     Appert, 
dwf.  or  mod.     H.R. 


359.  Eugene  Beauhar 
nais,  mod.     Beng. 

360.  Eugenie  Guinoi- 
seau,  mod.     M. 

361.  Eugene  Pirolle,  vig. 
{Admiral  Rigney.) 
N. 

362.  Eugenie  Verdier, 
dwf.    H.R. 


363.  Eveque  de    Nimes, 
mod.    H.R. 

364.  Exposition  de  Brie. 
H.R. 

365.  *  E.  Y.  Teas,  mod. 
or  dwf.    H.R. 

366.  Fabvier.     Beng. 

367.  Felicien  David.    H. 
R. 

Felicite  Perpetuelle, 
vig.     Ev. 

Felix  Genero.  H.R. 

Fellemberg,  vig.  N. 

Ferdinand  Chaf- 
folte.     H.R. 


368. 

369- 
37o- 
37i- 


372.  Ferdinand   de    Les- 
seps,  free.     H.R. 

373.  Firebrand,  dwf.    H. 
R. 


374.  Fisher  Holmes,  free, 
H.R. 


375.  Flag  of  the  Union. 

r. 


Trouillard,  1859.  Belongs  to  Giant  of 
Battles  type.  Velvety-maroon,  shaded 
with  deep  crimson.  A  rore  of  superb 
color,  but  with  all  the  family  failings. 

Moreau,  1865.  Crimson,  a  good  sort, 
but  inferior  to  Agrippina. 

Guinoiseau,  1865.  Red,  shaded  with  vio- 
let ;  very  subject  to  mildew  ;  poor. 

Red,  tinged  with  crimson;  nearly 
hardy  ;  not  of  high  quality. 

Guillot  fils,  1869.  Raised  from  Victor 
Verdier.  Silvery  -  pink,  tinged  with 
fawn  ;  a  lovely  shade  ;  fine  in  the  bud. 
One  of  the  best  of  the  type. 

Damaizin,  1856.  Raised  from  Giant  0/ 
Battles.  Crimson,  illumined  with  fiery 
red  ;  very  tender  and  delicate. 

Granger,  1865.  The  same  as  Maurice 
Bernardin. 

E.  Verdier,  1874.  Carmine-crimson,  high- 
ly scented. 

Laffay.     Rosy-crimson,  semi-double. 

E.  Verdier,  1872.  Deep  rose,  tinged  with 
purple. 

Jacques,  1828.  Creamy-white,  small,  full. 
Must  be  sparingly  pruned. 

Damaizin,  1866.     Violet-rose. 

Rosy-crimson.     Like  Eugene  Pirolle. 

Pernet,  1879.  Reddish- crimson,  round 
formed,  without  fragrance ;  does  not 
seem  an  addition  of  merit. 

E.  Verdier,  1869.  See  Maurice  Bernar- 
din. 

Labruyere,  1873.  (Sent  out  by  W.  Paul.) 
Crimson,  medium  size,  double,  good, 
circular  form,  cup -shaped,  fragrant; 
shy  in  autumn.  Not  unlike  Andre" 
Leroy. 

E.  Verdier,  1865.  May  be  briefly  de- 
scribed as  an  improved  General  J ac- 
queininot ;  the  flowers  are  fuller  and 
more  freely  produced.  A  very  valua- 
ble sort. 

Described  by  Hallock  &  Thorpe  as  "  a 
sport  from  Bon  Silene,  being  a  fac- 
simile of  the  parent  in  habit  of  growth 


17 


258 


THE  ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


376.  Flavescens,     mod 
(Yellow  Tea.)      T. 


377.  Flora     Nabonnand, 
mod.     T. 

378.  Fontenelle,     mod. 
M. 

379.  Fontenelle.     H.R. 

380.  Fortunei,  vig.     Bk. 

381.  Fortune's      Double 
Yellow,  vig.     Bk. 

382.  *  Francisca  Kruger, 
vig.     T. 

383.  Fran 50  is  Arago, 
mod.     H.R. 


384.  Francois  Court  in, 
free.     H.R. 

385.  Francois    Fontaine, 
mod.     H.R. 

386.  Francois       Gaulain. 
H.R. 

387.  Francois      Herincq. 
H.R. 

388.  Francois  Lacharme, 
free.     H.R. 

389.  Francois        Louvat. 
H.R. 

390.  Francois  Levet.    H. 

391.  Francois   Michelon, 
free.    H.R. 


and  freedom  of  bloom  ;  the  flowers  are 
equal  in  size  to  Bon  Silene.  The 
markings  are  not  quite  so  distinct  as  in 
American  Banner,  i.e.,  the  predomi- 
nant color  is  rose  instead  of  white,  but 
each  flower  is  regularly  marked  ;  it  is  a 
very  pleasing  variety." 

Introduced  from  China  about  1824.  Light 
yellow,  long,  fine  buds,  fragrant.  This 
has  been  the  parent  of  many  of  our 
finest  yellow  Teas. 

Nabonnand,  1877.  Canary-yellow,  edged 
with  rose. 

Vibert,  1849.  Rose  color,  not  mossy ; 
poor. 

Moreau-Robert.  1877.     Carmine-red. 

Introduced  by  Fortune,  from  China,  in 
1850.     Blush-white. 

Introduced  by  Fortune,  from  China,  in 
1845.     Bronzed  yellow. 

Nabonnand,  1879.  Coppery  -  yellow ; 
shaded  with  peach,  large  and  full. 

Trouillard,  1859.  Belongs  to  Giant  of 
Battles  type.  Velvety -maroon,  illu- 
mined with  fiery  red.  Resembles  Lord 
Raglan. 

E.  Verdier,  1873.  Cherry -red,  shaded 
with  crimson,  semi-globular,  full,  some- 
what fragrant ;  thorns  yellowish-red. 

C.  Fontaine,  1867.  Rosy -crimson,  fine, 
globular  form,  in  the  style  of  Se'nateur 
Vaisse. 

Schwartz,  1878.     Deep  purplish-crimson. 

E.  Verdier,  1878.     Red,  globular  form. 

V.  Verdier,  1861.     Rosy-carmine,  tinged 

with  deep  violet-red. 
Violet-red,  globular  form. 

A.  Levet,  1880.  Cherry-rose,  medium 
size;  style  of  Paul  Verdier. 

Levet,  1871.  Raised  from  La  Reine. 
Deep  rose,  tinged  with  lilac,  very  large, 
full,  of  fine  globular  form  ;  fragrant, 
free-blooming.  The  wood  and  foliage 
are  light  green,  erect  habit,  thorns  not 


CATALOGUE   OF    VARIETIES.         259 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


392.  Francois      Premier, 
mod.     H.R. 

393.  Francois       Treyve 
H.R. 

394.  Gabriel      Tournier, 
free.     H.R. 

395.  Gaston    LeVeque, 
free  or  mod.    H.R. 

396.  Gem  of  the  Prairies, 
free.     P. 


General  Due  d'Au 

male. 

397.  General  Jacquemi 
not,  vig.  H.CA. 

398.  General  Jacquemi- 
not, vig.  H.R. 


399.  *  General  Mertchan 
sky,  vig.      T. 

400.  General      Simpson. 
free.    H.R. 

401.  General  Tartas, free. 
T. 

402.  General  Von  Molt- 
ke,  mod.    H.R. 

403.  General     Washing- 
ton, mod.    H.R. 


404.  Genie  de  Chateau- 
briand, free  or  mod, 
H.R. 


numerous,  wood  long-jointed,  the  foli- 
age somewhat  crimpled.  A  very  dis- 
tinct choice  sort ;  excelling  in  June  and 
July,  when  other  kinds  are  past  their 
prime,  and  also  in  the  autumn. 

Trouillard,  1858.  Red,  shaded  with  crim- 
son. 

Liabaud,  1866.     Fiery  red,  globular  form. 

Levet,     1876-      In    habit     like     Poeonia. 

Rosy -red,  large,  globular  flowers,  free 

in  autumn. 
Le"veque,    1878.      Bright     rosy -crimson, 

large,  full ;   spines  of  yellowish-green  ; 

C.  Margottin  style. 
A.  Burgess,  1865.     Believed   to  be  from 

Queen    of  the    Prairies  X  Madame 

Laffay.      Rosy-red.      Occasionally 

blotched  with  white  ;  large,  flat  flowers, 

slightly  fragrant. 
See  Due  d'Aumale. 

Laffay,  1846.     Purple-crimson. 

Rouselet,  1853.  A  probable  seedling  from 
the  old  Hybrid  China  Gloire  des  Rosa- 
manes.  Brilliant  crimson,  not  full,  but 
large  and  extremely  effective ;  fra- 
grant, and  of  excellent,  hardy  habit. 

Nabonnand,  1890.  Large,  good  form ; 
rosy  blush  ;  fragrant  and  pretty. 

Ducher,  1855.  Cherry-rose,  medium  size, 
pretty  form  ;  erect  growth,  tender. 

Bernede.  Deep,  mottled  rose,  sometimes 
tinged  with  buff  ;  beautiful  buds,  good 
habit.     An  excellent  rose. 

Bell  &  Son,  1873.  Raised  from  Charles 
Lefebvre.  Same  style  as  the  parent, 
but  much  inferior  to  it. 

Granger,  1861.  Raised  from  Triomphe 
de  V Exposition.  Red,  shaded  with 
crimson,  large,  very  full,  flat  form  ;  the 
flowers  are  often  malformed,  greatly 
lessening  its  value.  A  profuse  bloomer, 
and  when  in  perfection,  a  very  fine  sort. 

Oudin.  Violet-rose,  very  large,  full,  flat, 
or  quartered  shape.  A  bad-colored  rose. 


260 


THE  ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


405.  George   Baker.     H. 
R. 

406.  George     Moreau, 
vig.    H.R. 


407.  George   Peabody, 
mod.    B. 


408.  *  George  Pernet, 
free.    Pol. 

409.  George  Prince,  free 
or  vig.    H.R. 

410.  George  the  Fourth, 
vig.     H.Ch. 

411.  George  Vibert,  free. 
Prov. 

412.  Gerard  Desbois,  vig. 
T. 

413.  Giant  of  Battles, 
dwf.  (Ge'ant  des 
Battailles.)     H.R. 


414.  Gigantesque,     free. 
T. 

415.  *  Gloire  Lyonnaise, 
vig.    H.R. 

416.  Gloire  de  Bordeaux, 
vig.     CI.  T. 

417.  Gloire  de  Bourg-la- 
Reine,  mod.     H.R. 

418.  Gloire  de  Dijon,  vig. 
Cl.T. 


G.  Paul,  1881.  "Pure  lake,  shaded  with 
cerise,  almost  mildew  proof  :  in  the  way 
of  Dupuy  J  amain,  but  distinct." 

Moreau-Robert,  1880.  Raised  iromPaul 
Neyron.  Bright  red,  shaded  with 
vermilion,  very  large,  full,  opening 
well. 

J.  Pentland,  1857.  Probably  from  Paul 
Joseph.  Rosy-crimson,  medium  or  small 
size,  full,  well  formed,  fragrant.  One  of 
the  best  Bourbons,  highly  commended. 

Jos.  Pernet,  1887.  Flowers  medium ; 
silvery -yellow,  changing  to  peach  ;  an 
abundant  bloomer. 

E.  Verdier,  1864.  Rosy -crimson,  quite 
smooth  wood  ;  a  free  blooming,  excel- 
lent rose. 

Rivers.  Crimson,  semi-double  or  double ; 
no  longer  of  any  value. 

Robert,  1853.  Rosy-purple,  striped  with 
white,  medium  size. 

Bright  red,  of  good  form  ;  one  of  the  har- 
diest and  most  useful  in  the  class. 

Nerard,i846.  (Sentout  by  Guillot  pere.) 
Deep,  fiery  crimson,  very  brilliant  and 
rich  when  first  opening,  but  quickly 
fades,  medium  or  small  size,  full,  well 
formed,  handsome,  Bourbon-like  foli- 
age, very  liable  to  mildew.  This  va- 
riety and  all  of  its  type  are  of  delicate 
constitutions. 

Odier,  1845.  Deep  rose,  sometimes  mot- 
tled ;  often  fine  but  apt  to  come  mal- 
formed or  somewhat  coarse. 

Guillot  fils,  1885.  White,  tinted  yellow  ; 
large,  moderately  full ;  resembles  a  Tea 
rose  in  form  and  fragrance. 

Lartoy,  1861.  Raised  from  Gloire  de  Di- 
jon.    Rose  color,  tinged  with  fawn. 

Margottin,  1879.     Vivid  red,  double. 

Jacotot,  1853.  1°  color  a  combination  of 
rose,  salmon  and  yellow  ;  flowers  very 
large,  very  full,  good  globular  form ; 
the  outer  petals  inclined  to  fade.  A 
very  useful  rose,  probably  the  hardiest 
of  the  Teas. 


CATALOGUE   OF    VARIETIES.         261 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


419.  Gloire   de    Ducher, 
vig.     H.R. 

Gloire  de  Paris.    H. 

R. 

420.  *  Gloire  de  Margot- 
tin,  vig.     H.R. 


421.  *  Gloire  des  Cuivres, 
vig.     T. 

422.  *  Gloire  des  Polyan- 
tha,  dwf.    Pol. 

423.  Gloire     des     Roso- 
manes,  free.     B. 

424.  Gloire  de  Santenay, 
free  or  mod.    H.R. 

425.  Gloire      de     Vitry, 
free.     H.R. 

426.  Glory  of  Cheshunt, 
vig.     H.R. 

427.  Glory     of     Mosses, 
mod.    M. 

428.  Glory  of  Waltham. 
H.Cl. 

429.  *  Gold  of  Ophir. 

430.  *  Golden  Gate,  vig. 
T. 


431.  Goubault,     free    or 
mod.     T. 

432.  *  Grace  Darling,  vig. 
T. 

433.  Gracilis,  free.  {Pro- 
lific.)    M. 

434.  Great  Western,  free. 
H.Ch. 


Ducher,  1865.  Crimson-purple,  large,very 
full,  subject  to  mildew.  If  the  color  were 
permanent,  this  would  be  a  good  kind. 

A  deceit,  Sent  out  as  a  new  sort  ;  it  is 
but  A  nne  de  Diesbach. 

Margottin,  1887.  Brilliant  scarlet ;  large, 
semi-double,  globular,  of  good  shape, 
elongated  bud  ;  fragrant ;  vigorous  and 
free  flowering.  Probably  the  brightest 
rose  yet  raised. 

Tesnier,  1889.  Large,  full,  salmon-rose, 
tinted  with  canary  gold  ;  fragrant  and 
a  free  bloomer. 

Guillot,  1887.  Bright  rose  with  white  cen- 
tre ;  full,  nicely  formed.  Abundant 
bloomer. 

Vibert.     Brilliant   crimson,   semi-double. 

Ducher,  1859.  Raised  from  General 
Jacqueminot.  Crimson  tinged  with 
violet  ;  out  of  date. 

Masson,  1855.  Raised  from  La  Reine. 
Bright  rose. 

G.  Paul,  1880.  Raised  from  Charles  Le- 
febvre.  Rich  crimson,  double,  very 
effective. 

Vibert,  1852.  Pale  rose,  very  large,  full, 
flat  form  ;  not  attractive  in  the  bud  ; 
the  foliage  is  very  large. 

Vigneron,  1865.  (Sent  out  by  W.  Paul.) 
Crimson,  double,  fragrant. 

See  Ophirie. 

Dingee  &  Conard  Co.,  1891.  Large, 
double  ;  bud  long  and  pointed  ;  creamy- 
white,  base  of  petals  golden  -  yellow  ; 
free  bloomer. 

Goubault,  1843.  Rose,  tinged  with  sal- 
mon ;  resembles  Bon  Silene,  but  in- 
ferior to  it. 

Bennett,  1884.  Large  and  full,  creamy- 
white,  tinted  with  peach  ;  free  flower- 
ing ;  distinct. 

Deep  pink  buds,  surrounded  with  delicate 
fringe  like  moss.  The  most  beautiful 
of  all  the  moss  roses. 

Laffay.  Red,  shaded  with  crimson, 
double,  fragrant ;  poor. 


262 


THE  ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


435.  Greville,  vig.    (Sev- 
en Sisters.)    Mult. 

436.  Gu  i  llaume  Gille- 
mont.     H.R. 

437.  *  Gustave  Piganeau, 
vig.     H  R. 

438.  Gustave       Thierry. 
H.R. 

439.  Harrison  Weir,  free 
or  mod.    H.R. 

440.  Harrison's    Yellow, 
free.    A . 


441.  Helen   Paul.     H.R, 


442.  Helvetia.     T. 

443.  *  Heinrich      Schul- 
theis,  vig.    H.R. 


444.  Henri    Lecoq,   dwf. 
T. 

445.  Henri  Ledechaux, 
dwf.     H.R. 

446.  Henri   Martin.     M. 

447.  Henry     Bennett, 
mod.     H.R. 


448.  Hermosa,  mod.  (A  r- 
tnosa  or  Setina.)    B 

449.  Hippolyte    Jamain 
mod.     H.R. 


Blush,  tinged   and   striped   with  various 

shades,  small  or  medium  size  ;  a  tender 

variety  of  no  value. 
Schwartz,  1880.     Raised    from   Madame 

Charles  Wood.     Rosy-carmine. 
Pernet  fils,    1890.     Very  large,  equalling 

Paul  Neyron  in  size  ;  full  and  cupped  ; 

brilliant  carmine-  lake  ;    buds  long. 
Oger,  1880.     Cherry-red. 

Turner,  1879.  Raised  from  Charles  Le- 
febvre  X  Xavier  Olibo.  Velvety-crim- 
son, brightened  with  scarlet. 

Harrison,  1830.  Golden-yellow,  medium 
size,  semi-double  ;  generally  has  nine 
leaflets,  a  freer  bloomer  than  Persian 
Yellow.  This  is  believed  to  be  a  hy- 
brid between  the  common  Austrian  and 
a  Scotch  rose. 

Lacharme,  1881.  Raised  from  Victor 
Verdier  X  Sombreuil.  White,  some- 
times shaded  with  pink  ;  large,  globu- 
lar flowers. 

Ducher,  1873.     Pink,  tinged  with  fawn. 

Bennett,  1882.  From  Mabel  Morrison 
and  E.  Y.  Teas.  Large  ;  good  form, 
and  very  full ;  color  pinkish-rose,  sweet- 
scented  ;  free  blooming. 

Ducher,  1871.  Rosy-flesh,  small,  beauti- 
ful buds  ;  delicate  habit. 

Ledechaux,  1868.  Belongs  to  Victor 
Verdier  type.     Carmine-rose. 

Portemer,  1862.     Red,  not  valuable. 

Lacharme,  1875.  Raised  from  Charles 
Le/ebvre.  Crimson,  medium  size, 
mildews,  and  burns  badly  ;  shy  in  au- 
tumn, and  of  no  value. 

Marcheseau,  1840.  Bright  rose,  medium 
or  small  size,  double  ;  constantly  in 
flower,  bushy  habit. 

Lacharme,  1874.  Belongs  to  Victor  Ver- 
dier type.  Carmine-red,  well  built 
flowers  ;  the  foliage  when  young  has 
a  deeper  shade  of  red  than  is  seen  in 
any  other  sort,  and  is  also  the  hand- 
somest. We  find  this  the  hardiest  of 
the  type. 


CATALOGUE   OF    VARIETIES. 


263 


Variety,  Habit 
or  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


450.  Homer,  vig.     T. 


451.  Hon.  George  Ban- 
croft, dwf.  or  mod, 
H.T. 


452.  Horace  Vernet,  dwf. 
or  mod.     H.R. 


453.  Hortensia,  free.     T. 

454.  *  Hugh,  mod.     T. 

455.  Hymenee,  mod.     T. 

456.  Ida,  mod.     T. 

457.  Imperatrice  Euge- 
nie, free.     Beng. 


458.  Innocente   Pirola, 
mod.      T. 


459.  Isabella     (Bella), 
mod.  or  free.     T. 

460.  Isabella  Gray,  free 
N. 

461.  Isabella    Sprunt, 
free.     T. 


Moreau-Robert,  1859.  Salmon-rose,  often 
richly  mottled  ;  a  free  bloomer,  moder- 
ately hardy,  best  in  the  open  air  ;  the 
buds  are  very  beautiful,  even  though 
of  variable  shades.  Certainly  one  of 
the  most  useful  tea  roses. 

Bennett,  1879.  From  Madame  de  St. 
Joseph  X  Lord  Macaulay.  Red, 
shaded  with  violet -crimson,  large,  full 
flowers,  and  good,  pointed  buds  ;  often 
comes  malformed ;  highly  scented,  a 
combination  of  the  perfumes  found  in 
the  parent  varieties  ;  the  wood  is  nearly 
smooth,  the  foliage  is  large,  dark,  and 
handsome.  The  color  is  not  deep 
enough,  and  is  too  sullied  to  make  this 
of  value  for  winter-forcing. 

Guillot  fils,  1866.  Crimson,  illumined 
with  scarlet,  large,  double  ;  of  beauti- 
ful wavy  outline  ;  nearly  smooth  wood, 
of  delicate  constitution.  Few  roses 
have  such  lovely  form  as  this. 

Ducher.  1871.  Rose  color,  back  of  petals 
a  washed-out  pink  ;  a  coarse,  poor  sort. 

Moore,  1892.     See  Bridesmaid. 

Laffay.     Pale  sulphur-yellow,  large,  full. 

Madame  Ducher,  1875.  Pale  yellow, 
double. 

Beluze,  1855.  Silvery-rose,  medium  size, 
full,  fragrant;  a  good  variety,  and  would 
be  very  useful  had  we  not  La  France. 
Subject  to  mildew  ;  shows  Bourbon 
character. 

Madame  Ducher,  1878.  Clouded  white, 
medium  size,  full,  well-formed  buds. 
In  the  style  of  Niphetos,  but  is  inferior 
to  it  in  all  respects  save  mere  vigor  of 
growth. 

Cels,  1838.  Creamy-white  ;  once  a  popu- 
lar sort. 

Andrew  Gray,  1854.  Raised  from  Cloth 
0/  Gold.  Golden-yellow  ;  has  the  good 
and  bad  qualities  of  the  parent. 

Rev.  James  M.  Sprunt,  D.D.,  1865. 
(Sent  out  by  Isaac  Buchanan.)  A  sport 
from  Sa/rano.  Sulphur -yellow,  very 
beautiful  in  the  bud.  Well  known  as 
one  of   the  most  useful  kinds. 


264 


THE  ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


462.  Jacques    Lafitte, 
free.    H.R. 

463.  James  Sprunt,  vig 
Beng. 


464.  James  Veitch,  dwf. 
P.M. 


Jaune  Desprez.    N. 

465.  *  Jaune  Nabonnand, 
vig.      T. 

466.  Jaune     d'Or,    dwf. 
T. 

467.  *  J.     B.     Varonne, 
vig.     T. 


468.  Jean    Bodin,     free. 
M. 

469.  Tean    Brosse,    mod. 
H.R. 

470.  Jean  Cherpin,  free. 
H.R. 


471.  Jean  Dalmais,  mod. 
H.R. 

472.  Jean    Ducher,   free 
or  mod.      T. 

473.  Jean    Goujon,    vig. 
H.Ch. 

474.  Jean  Hardy.    N. 

475.  Jean  Lambert,  vig. 
H.R. 


Vibert,  1846.     Rosy-crimson. 

Rev.  Jan.es  Sprunt,  1858.  (Sent  out  by 
P.  Henderson.)  A  climbing  sport  from 
Agrippina.  Crimson,  the  same  color 
as  the  parent  sort,  but  the  flowers  are 
fuller  and  larger.  It  is  not  so  free 
flowering  as  Agrippina,  but  a  desirable 
rose. 

E.  Verdier,  1865.  Violet-crimson,  a  sul- 
lied color,  medium  or  large  size,  poor 
shape  ;  blooms  freely,  very  subject  to 
mildew. 

See  Desprez. 

Nabonnand,  1890.  Large,  full ;  chrome- 
yellow,  with  coppery-rose  centre  ;  free 
bloomer  and  very  fragrant. 

Oger,  1864.  Coppery- yellow,  medium 
size,  full,  very  delicate  habit.  One  of 
the  sweetest  in  the  class. 

Guillot  fils,  1890.  Flowers  large,  full, 
varying  from  deep  rose  to  bright  car- 
mine; base  of  petals  copcery- yellow, 
very  sweet ;  buds  long,  finely  shaped  ; 
growth  vigorous  ;  handsome  foliage  and 
free  blooming. 

Vibert,  1847.  Light  rose,  quartered 
shape,  fragrant,  not  mossy. 

Ducher,  1867.  Rose  color,  medium  size, 
cup  form. 

Liabaud,  1865.  Plum  color,  double,  often 
semi-double,  inclined  to  burn  ;  fragrant 
and  a  fine  seed  parent.  One  of  the 
richest  shades  of  color  yet  produced. 

Ducher,  1873.  Rose,  tinged  with  violet, 
globular,  fragrant. 

Madame  Ducher,  1874.  Bronzed  -  rose, 
large,  very  full  globular  form  ;  not  to 
be  depended  on,  but  very  beautiful 
when  well  grown. 

Margottin,  1862.  Red,  large  or  very 
large,  full,  nearly  smooth  wood  ;  of  sec- 
ond quality. 

Hardy,  1859.  Golden- yellow,  medium 
size,  full ;  an  inferior  Isabella  Gray. 

E.  Verdier,  1866.  Deep  red,  very  large, 
full,  flat  form. 


CATALOGUE   OF    VARIETIES.         265 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


476.  Jean  Liabaud,  free. 
H.R. 


477.  Jean   Lorthois,  free 
or  vig.     T. 

478.  Jean  Monford,  vig 
M. 

479.  Jean    Pernet,    free 
T. 


480.  Jean    Sisley,     mod. 
H.T. 


481.  Jean  Soupert,  mod. 
or  free.     H.R. 


482.  *  Jeanne    C  u  v  i  e  r, 
vig.     T. 

483.  Jeanne  d'Arc,   vig. 
N. 

484.  *  Jeannie    Dickson, 
vig.    H.R. 


485.  Joasine  Hanet,  vig. 
H.R. 


486.  John   Bright,   mod, 
H.R. 


Liabaud,  1875.  A  seedling  from  Baron 
de  Bo?istetten.  Crimson-maroon,  illu- 
mined with  scarlet,  large,  full,  fragrant; 
a  lovely  rose,  but  shy  in  the  autumn. 

Madame  Ducher,  1870.  Rose,  reverse  of 
the  petals  silvery-pink. 

Robert,  1852.  Rose  color,  quite  pretty  in 
bud,  subject  to  mildew,  not  free. 

Pernet,  1867.  Light  yellow,  suffused 
with  salmon,  beautiful  buds  ;  a  fine  tea, 
but  is  now  surpassed  by  Perle  des 
Jar  dins. 

Bennett,  1879.  Raised  from  President  X 
Emiiie  Hausburgh.  Lilac-rose,  large, 
very  full,  without  fragrance  ;  very  sub- 
ject to  mildew.  The  color  is  bad,  and 
the  buds  rarely  open  well ;  it  is  entirely 
worthless. 

Lacharme,  1875.  Crimson-maroon,  in  the 
way  of  Jean  Liabaud;  dark  green  fo- 
liage, with  many  thorns;  not  free  in 
the  autumn. 

Nabonnand,  1888.  Long,  pointed  bud  ; 
rich  deep  pink ;  said  to  force  well ; 
promising. 

V.  Verdier,  1848.  White,  an  inferior  La- 
marque. 

A.  Dickson  &  Sons,  1890.  One  of  Dick- 
son's new  Pedigree  Seedling  Roses,  and 
described  as  follows:  Color  rosy-pink, 
entire  margin  of  petals  edged  with  sil- 
very-pink, base  of  petals  having  a  pale 
yellow  zone.  The  flowers  are  large, 
full,  with  a  very  high  centre  which 
stands  up  prominently.  Petalsof  great 
substance,  large  and  smooth.  The 
growth  is  vigorous.  In  this  variety  we 
add  to  the  Hybrid  Perpetual  section 
quite  a  new  shade  of  color. 

Belongs  to  the  old  Portland  group.  Deep 
rose,  tinged  with  violet,  medium  size, 
full,  quartered  shape ;  fragrant,  very 
hardy,  a  profuse  bloomer.  The  color 
and  form  are  bad,  and  destroy  its  use- 
fulness. 

G.  Paul,  1878.  Bright  crimson,  medium 
size. 


266 


THE  ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


4S7.  John  Cranston.    M. 
488.  John  Hopper,  free. 
H.R. 


489.  John  Keynes,   free. 
H.R. 

490.  John  Saul,  free.   H. 
R. 

491.  John     Stuart    Mill, 
free.     H.R. 


492.  Joseph     Bernacchi, 
vig.     A*. 

493.  Jules  Chretien, mod. 
H.R. 

494.  Jules'Chretien,  free. 
H.R.' 

495.  Jules   Finger,    free. 
T. 

496.  Jules  Jurgensen.  B. 

497.  Jules     Margottin, 
free.     H.R. 


498.  Julie  Mansais,  mod. 
T. 

499.  Julie  Touvais,  mod, 
H.R. 

500.  Julius  Finger,  mod. 
H.T. 


501.  King    of    the   Prai- 
ries, vig.     P. 

502.  King's  Acre.     H.R. 

503.  *  Kronprinces- 
sin  Victoria,  vig.     B. 


E.  Verdier,  1862.   Violet-red,  medium  size. 

Ward,  1862.  From  Jules  Margottin  X 
Madame  Vidot.  Bright  rose  with  car- 
mine centre,  large  and  full,  semi-globu- 
lar ;  light  red  thorns,  stout  bushy 
growth.  A  free  blooming,  standard 
sort. 

E.  Verdier,  1865.  Red  shaded  with  ma- 
roon. 

Madame  Ducher,  1878.  Raised  from 
A  ntoine  Ducher.  Red,  back  of  the 
petals  carmine,  semi-globular. 

Turner,  1874.  Raised  from  Beauty  0/ 
Walt  ham.  Rosy-crimson,  large,  full, 
or  double ;  does  not  bloom  until  late ; 
shy  in  the  autumn. 

Madame  Ducher,  1878.  Yellowish-white, 
pale  yellow  at  centre. 

Schwartz,  1878.  Belongs  to  the  Prince 
Crimson,  tinged   with 


Bright  rose  ;  not  valu- 


Camille   type, 
purple. 

Damaizin,   1870. 
able. 

Madame  Ducher,  1879.  From  Catherine 
Mermet  X  M a  da  vie  de  Tart  as. 
Bronzed-rose  ;  a  promising  sort. 

Schwartz,  1879.     Magenta-rose. 

Margottin, 1853.  Probably  from  La  Reine. 
Carmine-rose,  large,  full,  somewhat 
flat,  slight  fragrance ;  five  to  seven 
leaflets,  foliage  light  green,  and  some- 
what crimpled  ;  wood  armed  with  dark 
red  thorns ;  free  flowering  and  hardy. 

Creamy-white,  sweet  scented,  beautiful ; 
delicate  in  habit. 

Touvais,  1868.  Satiny- pink,  very  large, 
full ;  fine,  but  unreliable. 

Lacharme,  1879.  From  Victor  Verdier 
X  Sombreuil.  Salmon- pink,  in  the 
style  of  Captain  Christy  ;  a  promising 
sort. 

Feast,  1843.     Pale  rose. 

Cranston,  1864.     Vermilion. 

Spoeth,    1887.     A    sport  from  Souvenir 

de  la  Malmaison  ;  flowers  milk-white, 

tinted  with  sulphur-yellow. 


CATALOGUE   OF    VARIETIES. 


267 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


504.  La  Brillante,   mod. 
H.R. 

505.  La   Fontaine,    free. 
H.Ch. 

506.  La     France,     mod. 
H.T. 


507.  *  La  France  of  '89, 
vig.    H.T. 

508.  La   Grandeur,    free 
or  vig.     T. 

509.  La   Jonquille,  mod. 
T. 

510.  La  Lune,  mod.      T. 


511.  La  Motte  Sanguin, 
mod.     H.R. 

512.  La   Nuancee,    mod. 
T. 

513.  La  Princesse  Vera, 
free.     T. 

514.  La   Reine,    free    or 
vig.    H.R. 


515.  La     Rosiere,     free. 
H.R. 


516.  La   Saumonee,   vig, 
H.Cl. 


V.  Verdier,  1862.  Bright  crimson,  a  clear 
shade,  large,  double,  fragrant ;  a  free 
bloomer. 

Guinoiseau,  1855.  Red,  tinged  with  vio- 
let. 

Guillot  fils,  1867.  From  seed  of  a  Tea 
rose.  Silvery-rose,  changing  to  pink, 
very  large,  full,  globular  ;  a  most  con- 
stant bloomer,  and  the  sweetest  of  all 
roses.  If  the  buds  remain  firm,  by 
pressing  gently  the  point  and  blowing 
into  the  centre,  the  flowers  will  almost 
invariably  expand.    An  invaluable  sort. 

Moreau-Robert,  1889.  Flowers  very  large  ; 
brilliant  red,  buds  long.  Very  free 
flowering. 

Nabonnand,  1877.  Violet- rose,  very 
large,  full. 

Ducher,  1871.  Raised  from  Lamarque. 
Jonquil-yellow,  semi-double,  sometimes 
single  ;  medium  or  small  size. 

Nabonnand,  1878.  Creamy -yellow, 
deeper  colored  in  centre,  medium  size, 
large  petals,  semi-double. 

Vigneron,  1869.  Carmine-red,  large  or 
very  large. 

Guillot  fils,  1875.  Blush,  tinged  with 
fawn,  medium  size,  full. 

Nabonnand,  1878.  Flesh,  bordered  with 
coppery -rose,  full,  well  formed  ;  a  dis- 
tinct, good  sort. 

Laffay,    1839.     Glossy -rose,   large,    full, 

semi-globular  form,  somewhat  fragrant ; 

'  the   foliage   slightly   crimpled,  five   to 

seven  leaflets.     A   very   hardy,    useful 

rose,  though  no  longer  "  the  queen." 

Damaizin,  1874.  Belongs  to  the  Prince 
Camille  type.  Crimson  ;  the  flowers 
are  identical  in  color  and  form  with 
Prince  Camille,  but  seem  a  little  fuller, 
and  are  more  freely  produced;  the  habit 
of  growthj  too,  seems  somewhat 
stronger ;  it  may  usurp  the  place  of  its 
rival. 

Margottin,  1877.  Belongs  to  the  Jules 
Margottin  type.  Salmon-rose,  medium 
size;  non-autumnal. 


268 


THE   ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


517.  La  Souveraine,  vie. 
H.R. 

518.  La  Sylphide,    free. 
T. 

519.  La  Tulipe,  mod.    T. 

520.  La  Ville   de    Brux- 
elles,  free.     Dam. 

521.  *  Lady  Arthur  Hill, 
vig.     H.R. 

522.  *  Lady  Castlereagh, 
vig.     T. 


523.  Lady    Emily    Peel, 
mod.  or  free.     H.N. 

524.  Lady       Fordwick, 
free.     H.Ch. 

525.  *  Lady  Helen  Stew- 
art, vig.  H.R. 


526.  Lady  Sheffield.    H. 
R. 

527.  Lady   Stuart,    free. 
H.Ch. 

528.  Lady    Warrender. 
Beng. 

529.  Lselia.     H.R. 

530.  Lamarque,  vig.     N. 


531.  Lamarque    a   fleurs 
jaunes,  free.     N. 

532.  Laneii.     M. 


533.  L'Eblouissante, 
mod.     H.R. 


E.  Verdier,  1874.  Rose  color,  large 
flowers,  semi-double  or  double,  cupped 
form  ;  inferior. 

Laffay.  Blush,  with  fawn  centre,  very 
large,  double. 

Ducher,  1870.  Creamy  white,  tinted  with 
carmine,  semi-doublt. 

Vibert,  1836.  Rose  color,  large,  full,  flat; 
branching  habit. 

A.  Dickson  &  Sons,  1890.  Large,  full, 
symmetrical;  lilac  -rose  ;  distinct  and 
fine.     An  abundant  bloomer. 

A.  Dickson  &  Sons,  1888.  Large  and  full, 
soft  rosy- yellow  with  rose  color  pre- 
dominating on  the  margins  of  the  pet- 
als ;  robust  branching  habit ;  foliage 
handsome. 

Lacharme,  1862.  From  Blanche  Lafitte 
X  Sappho.     White,  tinged  with  blush. 

Laffay,  1838.     Deep  rose,  cup-shaped. 

A.  Dickson  &  Sons,  1887.  Bright  crimson- 
scarlet;  large,  full,  and  of  perfect  form, 
produced  on  long,  stiff  stems,  highly 
perfumed  ;  distinct  and  fine. 

W.  Paul  &  Son,  1881.     Cherry-red. 

Portemer,  1852.     Pink,  changing  to  blush; 

five  to  seven  leaflets. 
See  Clara  Sylvain. 

Crozy,  1857.     See  Louise  Peyronny. 

Marechal,  1830.  White,  with  sulphur 
centre,  sometimes  pure  white,  very 
large,  full,  somewhat  fragrant,  gener- 
ally seven  leaflets.  A  superb  climbing 
rose,  quite  too  much  neglected. 

Ducher,  1871.  Pale  yellow,  medium  size, 
in  the  style  of  the  former  sort,  but  in- 
ferior in  all  respects. 

Laffay,  1854.  (Sent  out  by  Lane  &  Son.) 
Red,  good  foliage,  with  five  leaflets ; 
not  subject  to  mildew.  Propagates 
with  great  difficulty  from  cuttings. 

Touvais,  1861.  Rosy-crimson,  very  large, 
double. 


CATALOGUE   OF    VARIETIES. 


269 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


534.  L'Esperance,     free 
H.R. 

535.  L' Enfant  du  Mont- 
Carmel,  vig.     H.R 


536.  Le  Havre,  mod.   H, 
R. 

537.  Le     Mont     Blanc, 
mod.     T. 

538.  Le  Nankin,  mod.  or 
dwf.     T. 

539.  Le  Pactole,  dwf.  or 
mod.     T. 

540.  Le   Rhone,   free  or 
mod.    H.R. 

541.  Leda.  {Painted Da- 
mask.)    Dam. 

542.  Leon  Renault,   free 
or  vig.     H.R. 

543.  Leopold      Haus- 
burgh,  free.     H.R. 

544.  Leopold       Premier, 
free.    H.R. 


545.  Letty    Coles,    free. 
T. 

546.  Leveson    Gower, 
mod.    B. 


547.  Lion   des  Combats, 
free  or  mod.     H.R. 

548.  Little    Gem,    dwf, 
M. 

549.  *  Little     Pet,     vig. 
Pol. 

550.  Lord    Eeaconsfield 
H.R. 

551.  Lord    Clyde,    mod. 
H.R. 


Fontaine,  1871.  Cherry- red,  large,  full, 
flat  form,  fragrant. 

Cherpin,  1851.  (Sent  out  by  Ducher.) 
Violet-rose,  a  muddy  shade,  large,  full, 
flat  form,  fragrant,  red  spines  ;  inclined 
to  mildew. 

Eude,  1871.  Vermilion,  beautifully 
formed. 

Ducher,  1869.  Pale  lemon-yellow,  growing 
lighter  as  the  flowers  expand  ;  good  in 
the  bud. 

Ducher,  1871.  Pale  yellow,  shaded  cop- 
pery-yellow, pretty  in  the  bud  state; 
rather  delicate  habit. 

Madame  Pean.  From  Lamarque  X 
Very  pale  yellow,  beauti- 


Yellow  Tea. 

ful  buds. 
Guillot  fils,  1862 

Jacqueminot. 

crimson,  large,  well  formed 
Blush,  edged  with  lake. 


Raised  fiom   General 
Vermilion,  tinged  with 


Madame  Ledechaux,  1878.  Cherry-red, 
very  large,  full ;  promises  well. 

Granger,  1863.  Belongs  to  Jacqueminot 
type.     Deep  violet-red,  a  bad  color. 

Vanassche,  1863.  Belongs  to  Jacquemi- 
not type.  Deep  red,  shaded  crimson, 
thorns  not  very  numerous ;  a  good  sort 
but  not  free  in  the  autumn. 

Keynes,  1876.  A  sport  from  Madame 
IVillermoz,     White,  with  pink  centre. 

Beluze,  1846.  Deep  rose,  tinged  with 
salmon,  the  flowers  are  of  the  same 
character  as  Malmaison ;  mildews 
very  badly. 

Lattay,  1851.  Violet-rose,  double,  subject 
to  mildew ;  worthless. 

W.  Paul,  1880.  Crimson,  very  small,  full; 
a  miniature  sort. 

Small  white  flowers  ;  very  free  flowering. 

Schwartz,  1878.  (Sent  out  by  Bennett.) 
Crimson,  large,  well  formed  ;  fades 
badly. 

G.  Paul.  1863.  Rosy- crimson,  large, 
double;  subject  to  mildew. 


270 


THE  ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


552.  Lord    Macau  lay, 
free  or  mod.     H.R. 


553.  Lord    Palmerston, 
free.     H.R. 


554.  Lord  Raglan,  mod 
H.R. 


555.  Louis    XIV.,    dwf. 
H.R. 

556.  Louis  Barlet,    free. 
T. 

557.  Louis  Chaix,    dwf. 
H.R. 

558.  Louis  Dore,  mod.  or 
free.    H.R. 

559.  Louis  Philippe, mod. 
Beng. 

560.  Louis  Richard,  free. 
T. 

561.  Louis  Van  Houtte, 
free.     H.R. 

562.  Louis  Van   Houtte, 
dwf.  or  mod.    H.R 


563.  Louis      d'Arzens, 
mod.  or  free.     H.N. 

564.  Louise    de    Savoie, 
mod.     T. 

565.  Louise    Odier,   vig. 
B. 

566.  Louise  Peyronny, 
mod.  (L<zlia.)  H.R. 


1863.  (Sent  out  by  W.  Paul.)  Fiery 
crimson,  much  the  color  seen  in  Charles 
Lefebvre,  large,  double,  well  formed, 
fragrant ;  this  is  still  a  good  rose. 

Margottin,  1858.  Carmine -red,  tinged 
with  vermilion,  double,  well  formed  ; 
bushy  habit,  light  green  wood  and  foli- 
age, a  few  light -colored  spines.  A 
good  garden  rose. 

Guillot  pere,  1854.  Raised  from  Giant 
0/  Battles.  Burgund  y-crimson,  a 
lovely  shade  ;  tender  and  shy  in  au- 
tumn. 

Guillot  fils,  1859.  Raised  from  General 
Jacqueminot.  Rich  crimson,  double  ; 
a  beautiful  shade. 

Madame  Ducher,  1875.  Pale  yellow, 
tinged  with  fawn. 

Lacharme,  1857.  Raised  from  Giant  0/ 
Battles.     Crimson. 

Fontaine,  1878.  Red,  large,  full;  little 
or  no  fragrance,  bushy  growth  ;  free  in 
autumn. 

Crimson  ;  an  inferior  Agrippina. 

Madame  Ducher,  1877.  Coppery -rose, 
the  centre  sometimes  deep  red  ;  coarse 
and  poor. 

Granger,  1863.  Red,  tinged  with  crimson, 
reddish  thorns  ;  not  of  first  quality. 

Lacharme,  1869.  Said  to  be  from  Charles 
Lefebvre.  Crimson -maroon,  medium 
size,  sometimes  large,  full,  semi-globu- 
lar form;  large  foliage,  fewer  thorns 
than  most  other  dark  roses,  highly  per- 
fumed. This  is  a  tender  sort,  but  it  is 
very  free  blooming,  and  decidedly  the 
finest  crimson  yet  sent  out. 

Lacharme,  1861.  White,  tinged  with 
blush  ;  superseded  by  Coquette  des 
Blanches. 

Ducher,  1855.  Pale  yellow,  beautiful 
buds  ;  much  like  Le  Pactole. 

Margottin,  185 1.  Bright  rose,  medium 
size,  full,  well  formed,  hardy. 

Lacharme,  1851.  Raised  from  La  Reine. 
Silvery-rose. 


CATALOGUE   OF    VARIETIES.         271 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


567.  *  Luciole,  vig.     T. 


568.  Lyonnaise,      mod 
H.R. 


569.  Ma  Capucine,    dwf, 
T. 


570.  Mabel     Morrison, 
mod.    H.R. 


571.  *  Madame  Baron 
Veillard,  vig.     B. 

ST2-  Mme.  Adelaide 
Cote.     H.R. 

573.  Mme.  Alboni,  dwf. 
M. 


574.  Mme.      Alexandre 
Bernaix,  mod.   H.  T. 


575.  Mme.  Alfred  Car- 
riere,  free  or  vie. 
H.N. 

576.  Mme.  Alfred  de 
Rougemont,  mod. 
H.N. 

577.  Mme.  Alice  Dureau, 
free.    H.R. 


Guillot,  1886.     Carmine-rose,  tinted  with 
saffron-yellow  ;  base  of  petals  coppery- 
yellow  ;  large,    long,  well-shaped  bud, 
very  fragrant. 
Lacharme,  1871.     Belongs  to  the  Victor 
VTerdier  type.     Pink,  with  deeper  cen- 
tre,   fades  quickly ;    a  coarse    inferior 
sort. 
Levet,  1871.     Raised   from   the  Noisette 
Ophirie.     Nasturtium -yellow,    beauti- 
ful buds ;   a  very  distinct  rose,  which, 
from   its  delicate   habit,  is   useless  for 
ordinary  cultivators   to  attempt   grow- 
ing. 
Broughton,  1878.     (Sent  out  by  Bennett.) 
A  sport    from    Baroness    Rothschild. 
Flesh -white,  changing  to   pure  white, 
in   the  autumn  it   is  sometimes  tinged 
with    pink ;     semi-double,    cup-shaped 
flowers.     In  all,  save  substance  of  petal 
and  color,  this  variety  is  identical  with 
the   parent;    though  not  so  full  as  we 
should  like,  it  is  yet  a  very  useful  gar- 
den  rose,  and   occasionally  it  is  good 
enough  for  exhibition. 
Vigneron,  1889.     Flowers  large,  full  and 

cupped ;  lilac-rose  ;  fragrant. 
Schmitt,  1881.     "  Reddish-crimson,  in  the 

style  of  Cardinal  Patrizzi." 
V« vf  rdier,  1850.     Pink,  very  large,  very 
full,  flat ;   much  like  Glory  0/  Mosses, 
and  like  that  kind,  too  full  to  be  pretty 
in  the  bud  state. 
Guillot    fils,    1877.     Salmon -rose,   petals 
sometimes  edged  with  blush  ;   has  true 
Tea  odor,  though  not  strong.     A  prom- 
ising variety. 
Schwartz,  1879.     White,  not  free  bloom- 
ing, undesirable. 

Lacharme,  1862.  Raised  from  Blanche 
Lajitte  X  Sappho.  White,  tinged  with 
pink  ;  surpassed  by  Coquette  des  Blan- 
ches. 

Vigneron,  1868.  Belonjs  to  La  Reine 
type.  Rose  color;  much  like  the  pa- 
rent, but  more  shy  in  the  autumn. 


272 


THE   ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


578.  Mme.  Alphonse  La- 
vallee,  mod.     H.R. 

579.  Mme.  Amadieu.    T. 

580.  Mme.  Amelie  Bal- 
tet.      H.R. 

581.  *  Mme.  A.  Nabon 
nand,  vig.     T. 

582.  *  Mme.  Andre  Du- 
ron, vig.     H.  T. 

583.  Mme.  Andre  Leroy, 
vig.    H.R. 

584.  Mme.  Angele  Jac- 
quier,  free  or  mod. 
T. 

585.  Mme.  Anna  de  Bes- 
obrasoff,  mod.   H.R. 

586.  Mme.  Anna  de  Bes- 
obrasoff,  free.    H.R. 

587.  Mme.  Auguste  Per- 
rin,  mod.    H.N. 


588.  Mme.     Azelie     Im- 
bert,  free.     T. 

589.  Mme.  Barillet  Des- 
champs.     T. 

590.  Mme.     Barthelemy 
Levet.     T. 

591.  Mme.      Bellenden 
Ker,  mod.    H.N. 

592.  Mme.   Berard,   vig. 
Cl.T. 


593.  Mme.  Bernard,mod. 
T. 

594.  Mme.  Bernutz,  free. 
H.R. 

595.  Mme.  Boll,  vig.    H. 
R. 


E.  Verdier,  1878.  Carmine -red,  in  the 
style  of  Alfred  Colomb ;  a  promising 
variety. 

Pernet,  1880.     Bright  rose,  double,  large. 

V.  Verdier,  1878.  Satiny  -  rose,  well 
formed. 

Flowers  pale  flesh  color  ;  bud  large  and 
long  ;  free  flowering,  distinct. 

Bonnaire,  1887.  Flowers  large,  bright 
red,  produced  in  great  abundance. 

Trouillard,  1865.  Salmon  -  rose,  large, 
double. 

Guillot  fils,  1879.  Bright  rose,  base  of 
petals  coppery-yellow  ;  a  good  deal  the 
build  of  Catherine  Mertnet.  I  am  well 
pleased  with  the  appearance  of  this  kind. 

Nabonnand,  1877.  Flesh  color,  the  cen- 
tre shaded  with  rose,  medium  size. 

Gonod,  1877.  Raised  from  Charles  Le- 
febvre.     Deep  red,  shaded  with  purple. 

Schwartz,  1878.  Mottled  pink,  small  or 
medium  size,  well  formed  ;  a  new  color 
in  this  class.  We  are  most  favorably 
impressed  with  it. 

Levet,  1870.  Raised  from  Mme.  Falcot. 
Pale  yellow. 

Bernede,  1855.  White,  centre  creamy- 
yellow. 

Levet,  1879.  Canary  -  yellow,  medium 
size. 

Guillot  pere,  1866.  Belongs  to  Eliza 
Boelle  type.  White,  centre  blush  ;  very 
beautiful. 

Levet,  1870.  Raised  from  Gloire  de  Dijon. 
Very  similar  to  the  parent;  the  flowers 
are  somewhat  less  full,  of  a  fresher 
shade,  and  are  better  in  the  bud  state. 

Levet,  1875.  Raised  from  Mme.  Falcot. 
Coppery-yellow,  medium  sized,  distinct. 

Jamain,  1874.  Satiny -rose,  very  large, 
full. 

Daniel  Boll,  1859.  (Sent  out  by  Boyeau.) 
Belongs  to  Baronne  Pre'vost  type. 
Carmine-  rose  ;  a  very  effective  garden 
sort ;  very  stout  shoots,  five  leaflets 
only,  there  are  seven  in  Boieldieu,  a 
kindred  variety. 


CATALOGUE   OF    VARIETIES. 


273 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


596.  Mme  Boutin,  mod. 
H.R. 

597.  Mme.  Bouton,  dwf. 
M. 

598.  Mme.  Bravy,  mod. 
or  free.  {Alba  Ro- 
sea, Mme.  Sertot.) 
T. 

599.  Mme.  Bremond, 
dwf.     T. 

600.  Mme.  Bruel,  mod. 
H.R. 

601.  Mme.  Bureau,  mod. 
Beng. 

602.  Mme.  Caillat,  free. 
H.R. 

603.  Mme.  Camille,  vig. 
T. 

604.  Mme.  Caradori  Al- 
lan, vig.    P. 

605.  Mme.  Caro.     T. 

606.  Mme.  Caroline  Kus- 
ter,  free.    N. 


607.  *  Mme.  Caroline 
Testout,  vig.    H.  T. 

608.  Celina  Noirey,  vig. 
T. 

609.  Mme.  Charles,  free. 
T. 

610.  Mme.  Charles  Crap- 
elet,  vig.     H.R. 

611.  Mme.  Charles  Ver- 
dier,  free  or  vig.  H. 
R. 

612.  Mme.  Charles 
Wood,  dwf.     H.R. 


Jamain,  1861.  Red,  large,  full ;  a  good 
garden  rose. 

Deep  rose,  mildews  badly ;  rssembles 
Oscar  Le   Clerc. 

Guillot,  of  Pont  Cherin,  1848.  (Sent  out 
by  Guillot  of  Lyons.)  Creamy-white, 
large,  full,  of  very  symmetrical  form  and 
great  fragrance  ;  one  of  the  most  beau- 
tiful and  useful  in  the  class. 

Guillot  fils,  1866.     Violet-red. 

Levet,  1881.     Raised   from   Countess  0/ 

Oxford.    Carmine -rose. 
White,  tinged  with  blush. 

E.  Verdier,  1861.     Cherry-rose. 


Mushroom  color,  large, 
not  worthy  of  cultiva- 


Guillot  fils,  1871. 

coarse  flowers 

tion. 
Feast,  1843.     Bright  pink,  semi-double. 

Levet,  1880.   Salmon-yellow,  medium  size. 

Pernet,  1873.  Pale  yellow,  often  mottled 
with  rose ;  a  free  blooming,  excellent 
shrub  rose,  one  of  the  best  bedding 
kinds. 

Pernet,  Ducher,  1890.  Flowers  large,  very 
double  ;  silvery-rose  ;  free  bloomer. 

Guillot  fils,  1868.  Salmon,  the  outer  pet- 
als washed-out  pink,  very  large,  very 
full :  a  coarse  flower,  of  dirty  shade. 

Damaizin,  1864.  Raised  from  Safrano. 
Apricot  color;  in  the  way  of  Mme. 
Falcot. 

Fontaine,  1859.  Cherry-red,  medium  or 
large  size,  fragrant  and  good ;  wood 
armed  with  numerous  thorns. 

Lacharme,  1864.  Belongs  to  the  Baronne 
Prevost  type.  Rosy-vermilion,  very 
large,  a  free  bloomer. 

E.  Verdier,  1861.  Reddish-crimson,  large, 
or  very  large,  nearly  full ;  one  of  the 
freest  flowering  kinds,  but  not  of  first 
quality.  Occasionally,  as  with  General 
Washington,  some  first-rate  blooms  are 
produced. 


18 


274 


THE  ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


613.  Mme.   Chate,   mod. 
H.R. 

614.  Mme.      Chedane 
Guinoiseau,  free.    T. 

615.  Mme.  Chirard.    H. 
R. 


616.  Mme.       Clemence 
Joigneaux,vig.  H.R. 

617.  Mme.    Clert,    mod. 
H.R. 

618.  Mme.  Crosy,  free  or 
vig.     H.R. 

619.  Mme.  Cusin.     T. 

620.  Mme.     Damaizin, 
free  or  vig.     T. 

621.  Mme.  de  Laboulaye, 
mod.ordwf.     H.R. 


f>22.  Mme.     de     Ridder, 
free  or  vig.    H.R. 


623.  Mme.  de  St.  Joseph, 
mod.     T. 

624.  Mme.    de    St.    Pul 
gent,  free.     H.R. 

625.  Mme.     de    Tartas, 
mod.     T. 

626.  Mme.      de      Vatry, 
free.     T. 

627.  *  Mme.    de   Watte- 
ville,  vig.      T. 

628.  Mme.    Desire    Gir- 
aud,  vig.     H.R. 


Fontaine,  1871.     Cherry-red. 

Leveque,  1880.  Canary-yellow,  thought 
to  be  a  valuable  variety  for  the  buds ; 
probably  in  the  style  of  Isabella  Sprunt. 

Pernet,  1867.  Rose,  tinged  with  vermil- 
ion, full,  peculiar  rich  scent ;  bushy 
habit,  shy  in  autumn,  many  malformed 
flowers. 

Liabaud,  1861.  Rose,  tinged  with  lilac, 
double,  large  flowers. 

Gonod,  1868.     Salmon-rose. 

Levet,  1881.  Raised  from  Souvenir  de  la 
Reine  d  A  ngleterre.  Rose  color,  very 
large. 

Guillot  fils,  1881.  Violet -rose,  tinged 
with  yellow. 

Damaizin,  1858.  Creamy-white,  shaded 
salmon,  very  large,  double  ;  not  well 
formed. 

Liabaud,  1877.  Rosy -pink,  somewhat 
fragiant,  bushy  habit,  long,  rather 
small  foliage,  wood  thickly  covered 
with  dark  brown  thorns ;  not  very 
promising. 

Margottin,  1871.  Red,  shaded  with  vio- 
let-crimson, large,  full,  fine  globular 
form  ;  green  wood  and  thorns.  A  dis- 
tinct sort,  fragrant  and  beautiful,  but 
fades  easily. 

Fawn,  shaded  salmon,  large,  full,  highly 
scented  ;  not  well  formed. 

Gautreau,  187 1.  Raised  from  Catherine 
Guillot.  Rosy -vermilion  tinged  with 
lilac,  large,  globular  ;  well  formed. 

Bernede.     Rose  color,  double. 

Red,  shaded  with  salmon,  of  good  form, 
both  in  bud  and  flower,  and  well 
scented  ;  a  very  choice  old  sort. 

Guillot  fils,  1884.  Salmon -white,  each 
petal  bordered  with  bright  rose  like  a 
tulip  ;  buds  long,  fragrant. 

Madame  Giraud,  1853.  (Sent  out  by 
Van  Houtte.)  A  sport  from  Baronne 
Prdvost.  Blush -white,  striped  with 
deep  rose. 


CATALOGUE   OF    VARIETIES.         275 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


629.  Mme.     Devaucoux 
free.     T. 

630.  Mme.  Devert.mod 
or  dwf.     H.R. 

631.  Mme.  Domage.free 
H.R. 

632.  Mme.  Ducher,  mod 
H.R. 

633.  Mme.  Ducher,  free. 
T. 

634.  Mme.  Edward  Ory 
mod.     P.M. 


635.  *  Mme.    Elie   Lam- 
bert, wig.     T. 

636.  Mme.    Elise   Stche- 
goleff.     T. 

637.  Mme.    Emilie    Du- 
puy,  free.     T. 

638.  *  Mme.  Etienne,  vig. 

639.  Mme.      Etienne 
Levet,  dwf.    H.  T. 


640.  Mme.  Eugene 
Chambeyran,  mod. 
H.R. 

641.  Mme.  Eugene 
Verdier,  free  or  mod. 
H.R. 

642.  Mme.  Falcot,  mod. 
T. 


643.  Mme.  Ferdinand 
Jamin,  mod.     H.R. 

644.  Mme.  Fortunee  Bes- 
son.     H.R. 

645.  Mme.  Francois 
Janin,  dwf.  or  mod. 
T. 


Madame  Ducher,  1874.  Canary -yellow, 
medium  size. 

Pernet,  1876.  Raised  from  Victor  Ver- 
dier.    Salmon-rose. 

Margottin,  1853.  Bright  rose,  large,  loose 
Mowers,  very  thorny  ;  not  valuable. 

Levet,  1879.  Silvery-rose,  medium  size, 
double,  very  good. 

Ducher,  1869.  Creamy- yellow,  medium 
size. 

Moreau-Robert,  1854.  Carmine-red,  of 
medium  size,  full ;  one  of  the  best  in 
the  class,  which  is  not  saying  much  for 
the  class. 
Elie  Lambert,  1890.  Large,  globular, 
well  formed  ;  rich  creamy-white,  tinted 
with  yellow  and  bordered  with  rosy- 
flesh  ;  promising. 
Nabonnand,    1881.      Clear  rose,   flowers 

said  to  be  in  the  style  of  Niphetos. 
Levet,    1870.      Salmon,    sometimes    pale 

fawn,  large,  full ;  not  attractive. 
Bernaix,  1887.     Rose  colored,  of  good  size 

and  form,  free  flowering;  distinct. 
Levet,  1878.     Cherry-red,  sometimes  hav- 
ing a  coppery  shade,  small  size,  pretty 
in  the  bud;  slightly  scented,  agreeable 
odor. 
Gonod,  1878.     Belongs  to  the  Victor  Ver- 
dier  type.     Rose -tinged   with   violet, 
sometimes  salmon-rose. 
E.  Verdier,   1878.     Belongs  to  La  Reinc 
type.     Mottled  rose,   very   large,   full 
globular ;  a  promising  kind. 
Guillot  fils,  1858.     Raised  from  Sa/rano. 
Deep  apricot;     resembles  the   parent, 
but  is  somewhat  larger,  more  double, 
of  deeper  shade,  less  productive,  and  of 
weaker  growth. 
Ledechaux,    1875.     Deep   rose,  cupped 

form,  highly  scented. 
Besson,  1881.  Raised  from  Jules  Mar- 
gottin. Carmine- rose. 
Levet,  1872.  Orange -yellow,  small  size, 
buds  of  exquisite  shape  ;  very  distinct, 
both  in  color  and  its  peculiar  frag- 
rance. 


276 


THE  ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


646 

Mme.  Francois  Pit- 

tet,  mod.     H.N. 

647 

Mme.    Freeman, 

mod.     H.N. 

648. 

Mme.    Fr  emi  on  , 

mod.    H.J?. 

64Q. 

Mme.      Gabriel 

Luizet,  vig.     H.R. 

650. 

Mme.  Gaillard,mod. 

T. 

6Si. 

*  Mme.  G.   Bruant, 

vig.      H.R. 

652.  Mme.  George 
Schwartz,  mod.  H. 
R. 

653.  Mme.  Gustave  Bon- 
net, free.    H.N. 

654.  Mme.  Hardy,  vig. 
Dam. 


655.  Mme.      Hippolyte 
Jamain,  mod.    H.R. 

656.  Mme.      Hippolyte 
Jamain,  free.     T. 

657.  Mme.  Hoche,  mod. 
or  dwf.    M. 

658.  *  Mme.  Hoste,  vig. 
T. 


659.  Mme.    Hunnebelle, 
free.     H.R. 

660.  Mme.  Isaac  Pereire, 
free  or  vig.     B. 


Lacharme,  1877.     Pure  white,  small. 

Guillot  pere,  1862.  White,  tinged  with 
pink. 

Margottin,  1850.  Cherry-red,  cup  shaped, 
fragrant. 

Liabaud,  1878.  Belongs  to  the  Jules 
Margottin  type.  Pink,  somewhat  fra- 
grant, long  foliage  ;  a  promising  kind, 
worthy  of  attention. 

Ducher,  1870.  Salmon -yellow,  large, 
somewhat  coarse. 

Bruant,  1888.  The  first  of  a  new  race  of 
hybrids.  In  the  bud  state  the  flowers 
are  long  and  pointed;  when  open,  semi- 
double;  pure  white  and  fragrant,  and 
produced  freely  in  clusters  at  intervals 
throughout  the  summer  ;  exceptionally 
hardy  and  vigorous  ;  forms  a  handsome 
bush. 

Schwartz,  1871.  Belongs  to  the  Victor 
Verdier  type.  Silvery -rose,  fades 
badly  and  is  coarse. 

Lacharme,  i860.  From  Blanche  Lafitte 
X  Sappho.  White,  tinged  with  pink  ; 
surpassed  by  others  of  the  class. 

Hardy,  1832.  White,  large,  very  full, 
flat  form,  very  fragrant ;  sometimes 
comes  with  green  centre,  but  very 
beautiful  when  in  perfection.  A  diffi- 
cult sort  to  grow  from  cuttings. 

Garcon,  1871.  (Sent  out  by  Jamain.) 
White,  tinged  with  rose,  very  large, 
full. 

Guillot  fils,  1869.  White,  tinged  in  the 
centre  with  yellow,  large,  full. 

Moreau- Robert,  1859.  White,  superseded 
by  White  Bath. 

Guillot,  1887.  Large,  finely  formed  flow- 
ers on  stout  stems ;  color  varies  from 
straw-white  to  canary-yellow  ;  vigorous 
and  most  abundant  bloomer ;  forces 
well. 

Fontaine,  1873.  Light  rose,  large,  fra- 
grant. 

Margottin  fils,  1880.  Carmine-red,  very 
large,  full,  free  blooming. 


CATALOGUE   OF    VARIETIES. 


277 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


661.  Mme.    Jeanne   Jou 
bert,  vig.     B. 

662.  Mme.  Jolibois,  mod 
H.R. 

663.  Mme.    Joly,     free 
H.R. 

664.  *  Mme.  Joseph  Des- 
bois,  vig.    H.R. 

665.  Mme.   Joseph    Hal 
phen,  mod.     T. 

666.  Mme.       Joseph 
Schwartz,  free.     T. 

667.  Mme.  John  Twom- 
bly,  free.     H.R. 

668.  *  Mme.  Jules  Cam- 
bon,  mod.     T. 

669.  Mme.  Jules  Grevy. 
H.R. 

670.  Mme.     Jules    Mar- 
gottin,  mod.     T. 

671.  Mme.  Julie  Daran, 
free.     H.R. 

672.  Mme.    Julie    Weid- 
man.     H.  T. 

673.  Mme.    Knorr,   dwf. 
H.R. 

Mme.  de  Rothschild. 

674.  Mme.     Lacharme, 
dwf.    H.Ch. 


675.  Mme.  Laffay,   free. 
H.R. 

676.  Mme.       Lambard, 
vig.     T. 


Red,  medium  size,  non- 
Silvery-rose,  medium 


Margottin,  1877. 

autumnal. 
E.  Verdier,  1879. 

size,  full. 
Rose   color,   medium   size,   semi-cupped, 

fragrant,  and  well  formed  ;  seems  to  be 

of  Bourbon  origin. 
Guillot,  1886.     Flesh-white,  shaded  with 

salmon-rose  ;  very  large,  well  formed, 

very  vigorous. 
Margottin,  1859.     Blush,  medium  size. 

Schwartz,  1880.  From  Co  f  tit  esse  de  La- 
barthe.  Blush,  the  edge  of  petals 
tinged  with  carmine. 

Schwartz,  1881.  Vermilion-red,  said  to 
have  some  resemblance  to  A  If  red  Co- 
lo mb. 

Bernaix,  1889.  Medium  size ;  flowers 
fresh  carnation-rose  color,  margined 
with  variable  shades  of  carmine. 

Schwartz,  1881.  From  Triompke  de 
V Exposition  X  Madame  Falcot.  Sal- 
mon-pink. 

Levet,  1871.  Carmine-pink,  tinged  with 
lilac,  very  fragrant ;  inclined  to  come  in 
rough  form. 

Touvais,  1861.  Violet -crimson,  a  fine 
color;  shy  in  the  autumn. 

Soupert  &  Notting,  1880.     Salmon-rose. 

V.  Verdier,  1855.  Rose  color,  medium 
size,  full,  flat  form,  very  sweet. 

See  Baroness  Rothschild. 

Lacharme,  1872.  Claimed  to  have  been 
raised  from  Jules  Margottin  X  Som- 
breuil.  White,  tinged  with  pink,  me- 
dium size,  full  or  very  full,  globular ; 
does  not  open  well,  and  is  shy  in  the 
autumn.  Of  bushy  growth,  and  quite 
hardy. 

Laffay,  1839.  Rose  color,  large,  double, 
cupped  form,  red  spines  ;  surpassed  by 
many  others  of  the  same  shade. 

Lacharme,  1877.  Rosy -salmon,  deepen- 
ing toward  the  centre,  the  color  is  vari- 
able, sometimes  being  a  rosy-flesh  ;  the 


278 


THE  ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


677, 
678, 
679, 
680, 


682 

683 
684 

685 
686 


687 

688 

689 
690 
691 
692 


M  me  .  Landeau, 
mod.    P.M. 

Mme.  Laurent,  vig. 
H.R. 

Mme.  Leon  de  St. 
Jean,  mod.     T. 

Mme.  Levet,  vig. 
Cl.T. 

Mme.  Lilienthal. 
H.R. 

Mme.  Loeben  Sels, 
mod.    H.  T. 


Louis    Car- 
vig.     H.R. 


Mme. 
icques 

Mme.  Louis  Dona- 
dine,  dwf.  or  mod. 
H.R. 

Mme.  Louis  Henry, 
vig.     A'. 

Mme.  Louis  Leve- 
que,  mod.     H.R. 


Mme.       Margottin, 
mod.     T. 


Mme. 
Bianchi. 


Marie 
H.R. 


Mme.  Marie  Cirrod- 
de,  mod.     H.R. 

Mme.  Marie  Roe- 
derer.     H.R. 

Mme.  Marie  Finger, 
dwf.    H.R. 

*  Mme.  Marthe  du 
Bourg,  free.     T. 


flowers  are  large,  very  full,  and  good. 
This  variety  is  not  so  refined  as  many 
others,  but  is  of  excellent  habit,  free 
blooming  qualities,  and  is  to  be  con- 
sidered one  of  our  most  useful  Teas. 

Moreau-Robert,  1873.  Red,  medium  size, 
full  ;  not  valuable. 

Granger,  187 1.     Cherry-red. 

Levet,  1875.  Pale  yellow,  very  fragrant, 
poor  form. 

Levet,  1869.  Raised  from  Gloire  de  Dijon. 
Very  much  like  the  parent,  but  inferior 
to  it. 

Liabaud,  1878.  Bright  rose,  tinged  with 
salmon. 

Soupert  &  Notting,  1879.  Silvery-white, 
shaded  with  rose,  large,  full,  somewhat 
flat  form. 

Fontaine,  1859.  Rosy -crimson,  double, 
free  in  autumn  ;  not  of  first  quality. 

Gonod,  1877.  A  sport  from  Countess  0/ 
Oxford.  Nearly  the  shade  of  Eugenie 
Verdier ;  poor. 

Mme.  Ducher,  1879.  Pale  yellow,  fra- 
grant ;  in  the  way  of  Sol/aterre. 

Leveque,  1873.  Belongs  to  the  Jules 
Margottin  type.  Carmine-rose,  large, 
very  full,  somewhat  flat  form,  slightly 
fragrant ;  blooms  late  in  the  season,  but 
is  shy  in  the  autumn. 

Guillot  fils,  1866.  Citron -yellow,  some- 
times with  coppery  centre,  large,  full, 
many  malformed  flowers,  fine  when 
perfect. 

Guillot  fils,  188 1.  Raised  from  Victor 
Verdier  X  Virginal.  Blush,  tinged 
with  lilac,  fragrant. 

C.  Verdier,  1867.     Salmon-pink. 

Leveque,  1881.  Raised  from  Jules  Mar- 
gottin.    Cherry-red. 

Rambaux,  1873.  (Sent  out  by  Lacharme.) 
Almost  identical  with  Eugenie  Verdier. 

Pernet,  1889.  Large,  nearly  double, 
nicely  pointed  centre ;  creamy-white, 
with  carmine  on  the  edges  ;  very  pretty. 


CATALOGUE   OF    VARIETIES. 


279 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


693.  Mine,       Marthe 
d'Halloy.     H.R. 

694.  Mme,  Maurice  Kup- 
penheim,  mod.      T. 

695.  Mme.  Maurin,  free 
T. 

696.  Mme.    Maxime     de 
la  Rocheterie.    H.R. 

697.  Mme.  Melanie  Wil- 
lermoz,  free.     T. 

698.  Mme.   Miolan    Car- 
valho,  free  orvig.  N. 

699.  Mme.  Montet.  H.R. 

700.  Mme.  Moreau,  mod. 
H.R. 

701.  Mme.  Moreau,  mod. 
P.M. 

702.  Mme.  Nachury,  vig. 
H.R. 


703.  Mme.  Noman,  dwf 
(Mademoiselle  Bon- 
naire.)     H.N. 


704.  Mme.     Oswald     de 
Kerchove,  dwf.    H. 

N. 


705.  Mme.   Pauline    La- 
bonte,  free.     T. 

706.  *  Mme.      Philemon 
Cochet,  vig.     T. 

707.  *  Mme.  Pierre  Guil- 
lot,  vig.     r. 


Leveque,  1881.  Raised  from  Madame 
Boutin.     Cherry-red. 

Madame  Ducher,  1877.  Pale  yellow, 
shaded  with  apricot. 

Guillot  pere,  1853.  Creamy-white,  large  ; 
not  very  reliable. 

T.  Grange,  1880.  (Sent  out  by  Vigneron.) 
Raised  from  Victor  Verdier.  Car- 
mine-rose. 

Lacharme,  1845.  Creamy -white,  thick 
petals,  large,  full,  little  fragrance  ;  an 
excellent  sort  for  out-of-door  culture. 

Leveque,  1876.  Raised  from  Chroma- 
tella.     Sulphur-yellow. 

Liabaud,  1880.     Light  pink,  large  petals. 

Gonod.     Red,  shaded  with  violet. 

Moreau-Robert,  1872.     Red,  large,  full. 

Damaizin,  1873.  Belongs  to  La  Reine 
type.  Deep  rose  color,  fades  easily, 
flowers  very  large,  rather  loose,  fra- 
grant. 

Guillot  pere,  1867.  Raised  from  Madame 
Recamier.  White,  sometimes  with 
shaded  centre,  medium  size,  full,  glob- 
ular ;  foliage  somewhat  crimpled,  wood 
armed     with     quite     numerous,    small 

^  spines.     A  rose  of  exquisite  beauty. 

Schwartz,  1879.  From  a  seedling  of  Mme. 
Recamier  X  Mme.  Falcot.  White, 
tinged  with  fawn,  promises  to  be  an 
addition  of  merit.  It  has  all  the  charac- 
teristics of  the  Eliza  Boelle  type. 

Pradel,  1852.  Salmon-rose,  large,  full, 
and  good  in  the  bud ;  an  excellent 
sort. 

Cochet,  1888.  Bright  rose,  reflexed  with 
salmon-white,  medium  size. 

Guillot,  1888.  A  rose  partaking  of  the 
characteristics  of  both  Mad.  de  Watte- 
ville  and  IV.  A.  Richardson  in  color; 
flowers  large,  full,  finely  formed,  pale 
yellow,  tinted  with  coppery-orange  at 
centre,  becoming  paler  outward  ;  edges 
of  petals  rosy-crimson  ;  a  strong  grower 
and  free  bloomer. 


28o 


THE   ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


708.  Mme.    Pierre  Oger, 
vig.     B. 


-jog.  *  Mme.    P.    Kuntz, 
vig.      T. 

710.  Mme.  Plantier,  free. 
H.Ch. 


711.  Mme.  Prosper  Lau- 
gier,  free.     H.R. 

712.  Mme.      Recamier, 
dwf.    H.N. 


713.  Mme.  Rivers,  mod. 
H.R. 

714.  Mme.     Rosalie     de 
Wincop.     H.R. 

715.  *  Mme.     Schwaller, 
vig.    H.T. 

716.  *  Mme.      Scipion 
Cochet,  vig.     T. 

717.  Mme.    Scipion    Co- 
chet, vig.     H.R. 

Mme.  Sertot.     T. 

718.  Mme.    Sophie    Fro- 
pot,  vig.     H.R. 

719.  Mme.      Thevenot, 
free.     H.R. 

720.  Mme.     Trifle,    vig. 
Cl.T. 

721.  Mme.   Trotter,  vig. 
H.Ch. 

722.  Mme.  Trudeau,free. 
H.R. 


Oger,  1878.  (Sent  out  by  C.  Verdier.)  A 
sport  iromReine  Victoria.  Blush,  the 
exterior  of  petals  tinged  with  rosy-lilac, 
cupped  form,  not  a  free  bloomer. 

Bernaix,  1889.  Large,  full,  bright  pink 
or  China  rose  ;  finely  formed,  and  frag- 
rant ;  free  bloomer. 

Plantier,  1835.  Pure  white,  above  me- 
dium size,  full,  flat  form,  seven  leaflets, 
foliage  rather  small ;  one  of  the  best 
white  roses  for  hedges  and  for  massing. 
Early  in  the  season  the  flowers  are  pro- 
duced in  great  abundance. 

E.  Verdier,  1875.  Red,  quartered  shape, 
not  fragrant,  numerous  red  thorns  ;  of 
second  quality. 

Lacharme,  1853.  Blush-white,  medium 
size,  well  formed.  The  origin  of  this 
rose  is  unknown  ;  probably  it  is  the  re- 
sult of  a  natural  cross  with  some 
Noisette  on  a  Bourbon. 

Guillot  pere,  1850.  Blush  ;  a  pretty  sort, 
but  of  unhealthy  habit  and  quite  ten- 
der. 

Vigneron,  1881.  Raised  from  General 
Jacqueminot.     Red,  tinged  with  lilac. 

Bernaix,  1886.  Pink,  large,  fine  ;  blooms 
freely  and  abundantly. 

Bernaix,  1887.  Rosy-yellow,  large  and 
double,  margins  of  petals  wavy,  beauti- 
ful glossy  foliage,  free  flowering. 

Cochet,  187 1.     Cherry-rose. 

See  Madame  Bravy. 

Levet,  1876.     Bright  rose,  nearly  smooth 

wood  ;  a  shy  autumnal  and  not  of  first 

quality. 
Jamain,  1877.     Bright  red,  free  blooming. 

Levet,  1869.  Raised  from  Gloire  de 
Dijon.  Fawn  and  yellow ;  resembles 
the  parent,  but  inferior  to  it  in  value. 

Granger,  1855.  Bright  red,  medium  size, 
a  free  bloomer  in  the  spring. 

Daniel  Boll,  1850.  Rose,  tinged  with 
lilac,  medium  size,  well  formed,  free 
flowering,  mildews  badly. 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES.        281 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


723.  Mme.  Victor  Ver- 
dier,  mod.  or  free. 
H.R. 

724.  Mme.  Vidot,  dwf. 
H.R. 


725.  Mme.  Welche,  mod. 
T. 


726.  Mme.  Zoetman,mod. 
or  free.     Dam. 

Mademoiselle  Annie 

Wood.    H.R. 
T2-j.  Mile.   Blanche  Dur- 

schmidt,  free.     T. 

728.  Mile.  Bonnaire,dwf. 
H.N. 


729.  Mile.  Brigitte  Vio 
let,  mod.     H.  T. 

730.  Mile.  Cecile  Ber- 
th od.  dwf.  or  mod.  T, 

731.  Mile.  Cecile  Brun 
ner,  mod.  or  dwf 
Pol. 


732.  Mile.    Emma   Hall 
mod.  or  free.    H.  Ch. 


733.  Mile.   Fernande    de 
la  Forest,  mod.  H.R. 

734.  *  Mile.  Jeanne  Guil- 
laumez,  vig.      T. 


E.  Verdier,  1863.  Carmine-crimson,  large, 
full,  fine,  globular  form,  very  fragrant ; 
a  superb  rose. 

Couturier,  1854.  (Sent  out  by  E.  Ver- 
dier.) Flesh  color,  full,  well  formed  ; 
a  beautiful  rose  of  delicate  constitu- 
tion. 

Madame  Ducher,  1878.  (Sent  out  by 
Bennett.)  Raised  from  Devoniensis  X 
Souvenir  d^un  A  mi.  Pale  yellow,  the 
centre  coppery-yellow,  large  and  full ;  a 
very  distinct  Tea. 

Delicate  flesh,  changing  to  white,  large, 
very  full,  flat  form,  fragrant,  five  to 
seven  leaflets  ;    a  splendid  white  rose. 

See  Annie  Wood. 

Guillot  fils,  1877.  Raised  from  Madame 
Falcot.  Flesh  color,  semi-double, 
worthless. 

Pernet,  1859.  Closely  resembles  Madame 
Noman;  it  is  difficult  to  see  any  points 
of  difference  by  which  one  may  be  dis- 
tinguished from  the  other. 

Levet,  1878.  Silvery-rose,  slightly  tinged 
with  lilac ;  not  highly  scented,  but 
quite  a  pleasing  sort. 

Guillot  fils,  1871.  Sulphur -yellow,  me- 
dium size,  pretty  in  the  bud. 

Madame  Ducher,  1880.  Salmon -pink, 
deeper  in  the  centre,  very  small,  full, 
delicately  scented  ;  an  exquisite  minia- 
ture rose  for  floral  work,  opera  bou- 
quets, etc. 

Liabaud,  1876.  Raised  from  Souvenir 
de  la  Reine  d 'Angleterre.  Carmine- 
rose,  medium  size,  semi-globular  form, 
fragrant  ;  there  are  seven  leaflets  of 
light  green  color,  rather  crimpled,  the 
shoots  are  armed  with  small  spines  of 
pale  green.  An  excellent  summer  rose. 
Damaizin,  1872.  Belongs  to  the  Victor 
Verdier  type.  Rose  color,  somewhat 
in  the  way  of  Lyonnaise  ;  of  no  value. 
Bernaix,  1889.  Large,  delicate  coppery- 
yellow,  tinted  with  flesh,  with  base  of 
petals  orange-red. 


282 


THE  ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


735.  Mile.  Julie  Dymo- 
nier,  dvvf.     H.R. 

736.  Mile.  Lazarine  Poi- 
zeau,  dwf.  or  mod. 
T. 

737.  Mile.  Marguerite 
Dombrain,  free.  H. 
R. 

738.  Mile.  Marie  Ar- 
mand,  mod.     T. 

739.  Mile.  Marie  Berton, 
vig.     CI.  T. 


740.  Mile.   Marie   Chau- 
vet.    H.R. 

741.  Mile.  Marie  Cointet, 
dwf.    H.R. 


742.  Mile.  Marie  Gonod, 
free.    H.R. 

743.  Mile.  Marie   Rady, 
free.    H.R. 


744.  Mile.   Rachel,  dwf. 
T. 

745.  Mile.  Therese  Lev- 
et,  mod.    H.R. 


Gonod,  1879.  Belongs  to  the  Victor  Ver- 
dier type.  Salmon-pink,  after  the  style 
of  Marie  Cointet. 

Levet,  1876.  Orange -yellow,  small  size, 
very  pretty  in  the  bud  ;  closely  re- 
sembles Madame  Francois  J anin. 

E.  Verdier,  1865.  Belongs  to  La  Reine 
type.     Satiny-rose,  a  good  sort. 

Levet,  1872.  Canary -yellow,  beautiful 
buds,  well  scented,  delicate  constitu- 
tion. 

Levet,  1875.  Raised  from  Gloire  de  Di- 
jon. Pale  yellow,  somewhat  fragrant, 
the  most  free  flowering  of  all  the  seed- 
lings from  Gloire  de  Dijon  ;  the  flower 
stems  are  long  and  stout,  the  foliage 
large  and  lustrous.  A  magnificent  yel- 
low rose. 

Besson,  1881.  Raised  from  Baroness 
Rothschild.    Deep  rose  color. 

Guillot  fils,  1872.  Belongs  to  the  Victor 
Verdier  type.  Salmon- pink;  a  very 
beautiful  sort  when  perfect,  but  most  of 
the  flowers  are  malformed,  or  open 
badly. 

Gonod,  1871.     Rosy-blush. 

Fontaine,  1865.  Vermilion-red,  shaded 
with  crimson,  large  or  very  large,  very 
full,  of  splendid  globular  form,  very 
fragrant ;  it  has  more  vermilion  than 
Alfred  Colomd,  making  it  somewhat 
lighter  and  more  dull ;  the  shoots  are 
armed  with  numerous  red  thorns,  the 
foliage  shows  considerable  lustre.  There 
is  no  finer  exhibition  sort  among  the 
red  roses,  and  were  it  as  constant,  it 
would  be  quite  as  valuable  as  Alfred 
Colomb  and  Marie  Bautnann,  varieties 
which  bear  it  considerable  resemblance. 

Beluze,  i860.  White,  pointed  buds,  some- 
what in  the  style  of  Niphetos,  but  not 
equal  in  quality  to  that  fine  sort. 

Levet,  1866.  Belongs  to  the  Jules  Mar- 
gottin  type.  Salmon-  rose,  medium 
size,  free  blooming. 


CATALOGUE   OF    VARIETIES. 


283 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


746.  Magna  Charta,  vig, 
H.Ch. 


747.  Manetti   Rose,  vig. 


748.  Marcelin  Roda,mod. 
T. 

749.  *  Marchioness 
of  Dufferin,  vig.  H. 
R. 

750.  Marchioness  of  Ex- 
eter, free.     H.R. 

751.  *  Marchioness 
of  Lome,  vig.     H.R. 


752.  Marechal    F  o  r  e  y  , 
vig.  or  free.     H.R. 

753.  Marechal  Niel,  vig. 
N. 


754.  Marechal      Robert, 
free.     T. 


W.  Paul,  1876.  Pink,  suffused  with  car- 
mine, large  or  very  large,  full,  globular  ; 
foliage  and  wood  light  green,  numerous, 
dark  spines.  A  fragrant,  excellent  va- 
riety. 

Violet -rose,  small  size,  single,  not  pro- 
ductive ;  this  variety,  since  its  intro- 
duction from  Italy,  is  more  used  for 
a  stock  on  which  to  bud  choice  sorts 
than  any  other  kind.  It  has  dark, 
brownish  wood,  and  always  seven  leaf- 
lets, sometimes  nine ;  there  need  be, 
therefore,  no  difficulty  in  distinguish- 
ing it  from  other  kinds. 

Ducher,  1872,  Yellowish  -  white,  the 
centre  light  yellow  ;  a  fairly  good 
rose. 

A.  Dickson  &  Sons,  1891.  "  Very  large, 
beautiful  rosy-pink  suffused  with  yellow 
at  base  of  petals,  which  are  reflexed." 

Laxton,  1877.  (Sent  out  by  G.  Paul.) 
A  seedling  from  Jules  Margottin. 
Cherry-rose,  fragrant. 

W.  Paul  &  Son,  1889.  Large,  full,  cup- 
ped ;  buds  long  and  handsome,  rich  and 
fulgent  rose  color,  shaded  with  vivid 
carmine,  remarkable  for  its  perpetual 
habit.  _ 

Margottin,  1863.  Raised  from  Triomphe 
def Exposition.  Reddish-crimson ,  shy 
in  the  autumn. 

Pradel,  1864.  Supposed  to  be  a  seedling 
from  Isabella  Gray.  Deep  yellow, 
very  large,  very  full,  globular  form, 
delightfully  fragrant,  the  finest  of  all 
yellow  roses  ;  it  is  of  delicate  constitu- 
tion, and  requires  very  careful  treat- 
ment to  produce  satisfactory  results. 
It  is  only  adapted  for  culture  under 
glass,  and  even  then  the  inexperienced 
would  do  better  not  to  attempt  its  cul- 
ture, but  use  in  its  stead  Mile.  Marie 
Berton,  Solfaterre,  or,for  non-climbers, 
Perle  des  Jar  dins. 

Madame  Ducher,  1875.  White,  the  cen- 
tre shaded  with  flesh,  large  or  very 
large,  full ;  a  fine  sort. 


284 


THE  ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


755.  Marechal    Vaillant, 
free.    H.R. 


756.  *  Margaret  Dickson, 
vig.    H.R. 


757.  Marguerite       Bras- 
sac.     H.R. 

758.  Marguerite    de    St. 
Amand,  free.     H.R. 


759.  Marie     Baumann, 
mod.     H.R. 


760.  Marie    Caroline    de 
Sartoux.     T. 

761.  Marie  de  Blois,  free. 
M. 

762.  Marie      de      Bour- 
gogne,  dwf.     P.M. 

763.  Marie  Ducher,  free. 
T. 


764.  Marie  Guillot,  mod, 
T. 


Viennot,  1861.  (Sent  out  by  Jamain.) 
Crimson,  large,  full,  well  formed,  fra- 
grant ;  a  fine  rose,  which,  were  it  not 
for  Maurice  Bernardin,  would  be 
more  useful.  It  is  a  valuable  kind 
for  large  collections. 

A.  Dickson  &  Sons,  1891.  "  Of  magnifi- 
cent form  ;  white,  with  pale  flesh  cen- 
tre ;  petals  very  large,  shell  shaped,  and 
of  great  substance  ;  foliage  very  large, 
dark  green." 

Brassac,  1875.  The  same  as  Charles  Le- 
febvre. 

Sansal,  1864.  Raised  from  Jules  Mar- 
gottin.  Bright  rose,  very  beautiful  in 
the  bud  state ;  will  give  more  fine 
blooms  in  the  autumn  than  any  other 
of  the  class,  and  it  is  also  one  of  the 
best  for  forcing.  It  cannot  be  prop- 
agated from  cuttings. 

Baumann,  1863.  Crimson-vermilion,  suf- 
fused with  carmine,  large,  full,  of  ex- 
quisite color  and  form,  very  fragrant ; 
the  wood  freely  covered  with  small 
light  red  thorns.  This  variety  is  a 
little  lighter  and  brighter  in  color  than 
Marie  Rady,  which  is  a  shade  lighter 
than  Alfred  Colo?ub.  A  rose  of  the 
highest  quality  and  very  productive  ; 
no  collection  can  be  complete  with  it 
left  out.  It  should  be  given  a  favored 
position. 

Nabonnand,  1881.     Pure  white. 

Moreau-Robert,  1852.  Rose  color,  double, 
not  mossy,  poor. 

Moreau-Robert,  1853.  Bright  rose,  me- 
dium size. 

Ducher,  1868.  Salmon-rose,  large,  very 
full,  somewhat  flat  ;  a  free  blooming 
kind,  of  excellent  habit.  Not  a  refined 
flower,  yet  it  is  a  sort  worth  grow- 
ing. 

Guillot  fils,  1874.  White,  faintly  tinged 
with  yellow,  large,  full  ;  of  splendid 
form.  One  of  the  most  beautiful  Teas  ; 
would  that  it  were  fragrant ! 


CATALOGUE   OF    VARIETIES.         285 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


765.  Marie  Jaillet,  mod 
T. 

766.  Marie    Louise    Per- 
net,  mod.    H.R. 

767.  Marie  Opoix,  mod. 
T. 

768.  Marie   Sisley,  mod. 
T. 


769.  Marie  Van  Houtte, 
free.     T. 


770.  Marie  Verdier,  free. 
H.R. 

771.  *  Marion  Dingee, 
vig.     T. 


772.  Marquis    de    Balbi- 
ano,  free.     B. 

773.  Marquis  de  Sanima, 
mod.     T. 

774.  *  Marquise    de    Vi- 
vens,  vig.      T. 

775.  Marquis    of     Salis- 
bury, mod.     H.R. 

776.  Marquise   Adele  de 
Murinais,  free.  H.R. 

777.  Marquise  de  Castel- 
lane,  mod.     H.R. 


778.  Marquise     de    Lig- 
neries,  mod.    H.R. 


Madame  Ducher,  1878.  Pale  rose,  deeper 
in  the  centre. 

Pernet,  1876  Raised  from  Baroness 
Rothschild.  Deep  violet -red,  cupped 
form  ;  very  fragrant. 

Schwartz,  1874.  Pale  yellow,  almost 
white,  not  of  first  quality. 

Guillot  fils,  1868.  Rose,  tinged  with  sal- 
mon, sometimes  coppery-rose  ;  a  distinct 
sort,  but  not  reliable,  and  at  its  best  is 
not  specially  attractive. 

Ducher,  1871.  From  Madame  de  Tar- 
tasXMadame  Falcot.  Pale  yellow,  the 
edges  of  petals  often  lined  with  rose, 
well  formed  ;  of  good  habit,  and  in 
every  respect  a  most  charming  sort. 
The  finest  of  all  Teas  for  out-door  cul- 
ture. 

E.  Terdier,  1877.     Rose  color. 

Dingee  &  Conard  Co.,  1892.  Described 
as  deep  brilliant  crimson,  one  of  the 
brightest  and  richest  colored  Teas ; 
flowers  large,  cup  shaped,  and  borne  on 
long,  straight  stems. 

Lacharme,  1855.  Silvery- rose,  medium 
size,  full. 

Mme.  Ducher,  1875.  Coppery -rose,  in 
the  style  of  Reine  du  Portugal,  but 
not  so  good. 

Dubreuil,  1885.  _  Bright  carmine  on  the 
edges  of  outside  petals,  gradually  bo- 
coming  straw  color  at  the  base  ;  distinct. 

G.  Paul,  1879.  Coppery -rose  ;  shaded 
with  crimson,  large,  globular  form,  dis- 
tinct. 

Schwartz,  1876.  Raised  from  Madame 
Laffay.     Silvery-rose  ;  an  inferior  sort. 

Pernet,  1869.  Supposed  to  be  a  seedling 
from  Jules  Mar  got  tin.  Carmine-rose, 
a  permanent  shade,  very  large,  very 
full,  not  fragrant  but  effective,  does  not 
bloom  until  late  ;  a  valuable  sort  for 
exhibition  purposes.  Does  not  propa- 
gate from  cuttings. 

Guenoux,  1879.  (Sent  out  by  Jamain.) 
Rose  color,  wood  nearly  smooth. 


286 


THE  ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


779.  Marquise  de  Morte 
mart,  mod.  or  dwf 
H.R. 

780.  *  Marshall  P.  Wil 
der,  vig.    H.R. 


781.  MaryPochln.  H.R. 


782.  Masterpiece,     mod. 
or  free.     H.R. 

783.  Mathilde   Lenaerts. 
Cl.T. 

784.  Maurice  Bernardin, 
vig.  or  free.     H.R. 


785.  *  Maurice  L.  de  Vil- 
morin,  vig.    H.R. 

786.  *  Maurice    Rouvier, 
vig.     T. 

787.  May  Quennell,  dwf. 
or  mod.     H.R. 


788.  May  Turner,   mod. 
H.R. 


Liabaud,  1868.  Raised  from  Jules  Mar- 
gottin.  Blush,  well  formed.  A  fine 
rose  of  delicate  habit. 

Ellwanger  &  Barry,  1884.  Raised  from 
the  seed  of  Gen.  Jacqueminot.  It  is 
of  vigorous  growth,  with  healthy  foli- 
age, flowers  large,  semi-globular,  full, 
well  formed  ;  color,  cherry -carmine, 
much  like  a  light-colored  Marie  Bau- 
mann,  or  a  shade  deeper  than  Marie 
Radjf,  and  very  fragrant.  In  wood, 
foliage,  and  form  of  flower,  it  resem- 
bles Alfred  Colomb,  but  the  seedling 
excels  that  famous  variety  in  vigor, 
hardiness,  and  freedom  of  bloom.  It 
continues  to  bloom  profusely  long  after 
the  other  Remontants  are  out  of  flower. 
In  brief,  it  may  be  described  as  an  im- 
proved A  If  red  Colomb. 

Rev.  E.  M.  Pochin,  1881.  (Sent  out  by 
Cranston.)  Lake,  shaded  with  crimson, 
medium  size. 

W.  Paul,  1880.  Supposed  to  be  a  seed- 
ling from  Beauty  of  Waltham.  Rosy- 
crimson. 

Levet,  1879.  Raised  from  Gloire  de 
Dijon.     Rose  color. 

Granger,  1861.  Raised  from  General 
Jacqueminot.  Bright  crimson,  large, 
moderately  full ;  a  good  free  flowering 
sort,  generally  coming  in  clusters  ;  the 
roots  are  very  delicate,  and  break  easily. 
In  the  spring,  this  is,  perhaps,  the  most 
prolific  of  all  crimson  sorts. 

Leveque,  1891.  Large,  double,  fine 
form  ;  clear  bright  red,  shaded  velvety 
brown. 

Nabonnand,  1890.  Large,  full,  globular 
form,  delicate  rose  veined  with  red  ; 
fragrant  and  free  blooming. 

Postans,  1878.  (Sent  out  by  W.  Paul  & 
Son.)  Magenta,  shaded  with  crimson, 
large  flowers,  many  of  them  coming 
imperfect ;  wood  rather  smooth,  foliage 
dark. 

E.  Verdier,  1874.     Salmon-rose. 


CATALOGUE   OF    VARIETIES.         287 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


789.  *  Medea,  vig.     T. 


790.  Melanie  Oger,  free. 
T. 

791.  Melanie       Soupert. 
T. 

J92.  Mere  de  St.  Louis, 

mod.     H.R. 
793.  *  Merveille  de  Lyon, 

mod.     H.R. 


794.  *  Meteor,  vig.   H.T. 


795.  Michael   Bonnet, 
free.     H.R. 

796.  Michael     Saunders, 
mod.     H.  T. 


797.  Mignonette.     Pol. 


798.  Miller-Hayes,  mod 

H.R. 
yog.  *  M  i  n  i  a  t  u  r  e,  vig 

Pol. 

800.  *  Miss  Ethel  Brown- 
low,  vig.     T. 

801.  Miss     Glegg,    free. 

N. 

802.  Miss  Hassard,  free. 
H.R. 


W.  Paul  &  Son,  1891.     "  Large, very  full, 
buds  inclined  to  be  high  centred  ;   color 
lemon,  with  canary-yeilow  centre." 
Oger,  1851.     Yellowish- white,  deeper  at 

centre,  medium  size. 
Nabonnand,    1881.      White,    large,   very 

full. 
Lacharme,  1852.     Raised  from  La  Reine. 

Pink,  medium  size. 
Pernet,  1882.  Pure  white,  shaded  and 
marked  with  satiny-rose ;  flowers  very 
large,  double,  and  of  a  beautiful  cup 
shape.  A  seedling  from  Baroness  Roth- 
schild, with  the  same  habit,  but  larger. 
Bennett,  1887.  Rich  dark  velvety-crim- 
son, retaining  its  color  well ;  a  constant 
bloomer,  healthy,  with  no  tendency  to 
mildew  ;  admirable  for  forcing. 
Guillot   pere.    1864.     Rose  color,  in   the 

way  of  Madame  Joly,  but  inferior. 
Bennett,  1879.  From  President  X  Ma- 
dame Victor  Verdier.  Deep  bronzed 
rose,  or  rose  shaded  with  coppery-red, 
medium  size,  very  full,  finely  formed, 
somewhat  fragrant ;  on  account  of  their 
great  fulness  the  flowers  do  not  open 
well  under  glass,  but  they  are  fine  in 
open  air.  A  very  distinct  and  pleasing 
sort ;  the  best  of  the  set  sent  out  by 
Bennett. 
Guillot  fils.  1881.  "  Delicate  rose,  chang- 
ing to  blush,  very  small,  double,  flower- 
ing in  corymbs  of  t  h  i  r  t  y  or  forty 
blooms." 
E.  Verdier,  1873.     Reddish-crimson. 

Alegatiere,  1884.  Rosy-white,  changing 
to  white  ;  full,  sweet ;  in  clusters. 

A.  Dickson  &  Sons,  1887.  Bright  salmon- 
pink,  shaded  yellow  at  base  of  petals  ■ 
free  flowering. 

Vibert.  White,  the  centre  often  flesh 
color,  very  small,  double ;  resembles 
Aifne'e  Vibert,  but  is  much  inferior. 

Turner,  1175.  Raised  from  Marguerite 
de  St.  Amand.  Pink,  large,  very  full, 
sweetly  scented. 


288 


THE  ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


803.  Miss  Ingram,   free. 
H.Ch. 

804.  Miss  May  Paul,  vig 
Cl.T. 

805.  Miss   Tweed,    free. 
A. 


806.  Modele    de    Perfec- 
tion, mod.     B. 

807.  Mogador.    H.R. 


808.  Moire,  mod.      T. 

809.  Monsieur  Alfred 
Leveau.     H.R. 

810.  Monsieur  Boncenne, 
free  or  mod.     H.R. 

811.  *  Monsieur  Desir, 
vig.     T. 

812.  Monsieur  E.  Y. 
Teas,  mod.  or  dwf. 
H.R. 

813.  Monsieur  Fillion, 
mod.    H.R. 

814.  Monsieur  Furtado, 
free  or  mod.     T. 


815.  Monsieur  Jard,  free. 
B. 

816.  Monsieur  Journaux, 
vig.     H.R. 

817.  Monsieur      Jules 
Monges.     H.R. 

818.  Monsieur      Noman, 
dwf.    H.R. 


Ingram,  1868.  (Sent  out  by  Turner.) 
Blush-white,  well  formed  ;  a  fine  rose. 

Levet,  1881.  Raised  from  Gloire  de 
Dijon.  "  Lilac-white,  reverse  of  the 
petals  red." 

Pale  yellow,  semi-double ;  it  has  nine 
leaflets,  rarely  seven  ;  Persian  Yellow 
has  seven  leaflets  only ;  remembering 
this,  it  is  always  a  simple  matter  to  dis- 
tinguish the  varieties  when  out  of 
flower. 

Guillot  fils,  i860.  Raised  from  Louise 
Odier.  Satiny-rose,  medium  size,  well 
formed. 

Raised  from  Rose  du  Roi,  and  esteemed 
as  an  improvement  on  that  variety.  It 
is  a  crimson  damask  which  flowers  in 
autumn. 

Moire,  1844.     Fawn  and  rose. 

Vigneron,  1880.     Carmine-rose. 

Liabaud,  1864.  Very  deep  crimson,  dou- 
ble, medium  size ;  a  good  rose,  but 
now  displaced  by  Baron  de  Bonstetten. 

Pernet  pere,  1888.  Large,  velvety  crim- 
son-rose ;  free  bloomer  ;  a  fine  climber. 

E.  Verdier,  1874.  Carmine -crimson, 
large,  fine,  globular  form,  highly 
scented  ;  a  superb  rose. 

Gonod,  1876.  Belongs  to  the  Victor 
Verdier  type.  Carmine -rose,  not  of 
first  quality. 

Laffay,  1863.  Yellow,  medium  or  small 
size,  well  formed,  very  full ;  an  exqui- 
site sort,  of  good  habit,  not  nearly  so 
much  grown  as  it  deserves. 

Guillot  pere,  1857.  Red,  tinged  with 
violet. 

Marest,  1868.     Brilliant  red. 

Guillot  fils,  1881.  Carmine -rose,  cupped 
form. 

Guillot  pere,  1866.  Raised  from  Jules 
Margottin.  Rose  color,  often  deli- 
cately mottled,  beautiful  globular  form. 
Unreliable,  but  magnificent  when  in 
perfection. 


CATALOGUE   OF    VARIETIES. 


289 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


819.  Monsieur     Thouve 
nel.    H.R. 

820.  Monthly     Cabbage 
Beng. 

821.  *  ^ousseleine,   vig 
M. 

822.  Mrs.   Baker,     mod, 
H.R. 

823.  Mrs.      Bosanquet, 
mod.     Beng. 

824.  *  Mrs.  Degraw.     B. 


825.  Mrs.  Elliott,    free, 
H.R. 

826.  Mrs.  Harry  Turner, 
mod.  H.R. 


827.  Mrs.  Hovey,  vig.  P. 


828.  *  Mrs.    James    Wil- 
son, mod.      T. 


829.  *  Mrs.  John  Laing, 
vig.     H.R. 


830.  Mrs.  Jowitt.     H.R. 


831.  Mrs.    Laxton,    dwf. 
H.R. 

832.  Mrs.  Opie,  mod.    T. 


Vigneron,  1880.     Velvety-red,  flat  form. 

Violet-rose,  somewhat  fragrant. 

Moreau-Robert,    1881.       White,    lightly 
marked   with   rose,   changing   to   pure 
white.     A  good  grower. 
Turner,    1875.      Belongs    to   the    Victor 

Verdier  type.     Carmine-red. 
Madam  Pean.     Rosy-flesh,  very  produc- 
tive. 
Burgess,  1875.   Resembles  Apolline  some- 
what in  leaf  and    flower,  but   is  more 
compact  in  growth.     In  color  it  is  a  rich 
glossy    pink,    very    fragrant,   and  is  a 
remarkably     prolific     and     continuous 
bloomer.      It  is   said    to   be   perfectly 
hardy  south  of  New  Vork. 
Laffay,  1840.     Rose  color,  double,  gener- 
ally seven  leaflets  ;  of  second  quality. 
Laxton,    1880.      (Sent    out   by    Turner.) 
Raised  from  Charles  Le/ebvre  X  Al- 
fred de  Rougemont.     Scarlet-crimson, 
a  splendid  bright  color  ;  a  very  promis- 
ing sort. 
Pierce,  1850.     Blush,  changing  to  white, 
resembles  Baltimore  Belle,  but  is  har- 
dier :  a  valuable  climbing  rose. 
A.  Dickson  &  Sons,   1889.     In   form   re- 
sembles Mermet ;  flowers  deep  lemon- 
yellow,  tipped  with  rose  ;   highly  fra- 
grant ;  habit  vigorous  and   branching  ; 
flowers  carried  erect  on  stiff  stems  and 
lasting  well. 
Bennett,  1887.   A  seedling  from  Francois 
Michelon  ;  soft  pink  ;  large  and  of  fine 
form,  produced  on  strong  stems  ;   ex- 
ceedingly fragrant ;    one   of  the   most 
valuable    varieties     for    forcing,     and 
flowers  continuously  in  the  open  ground. 
Cranston,    1880.     From  Marie   Rady  X 
Due  de  Rohan.     Crimson,  tinged  with 
lake. 
Laxton,   1878.     (Sent    out  by   G.   Paul.) 
Raised  from  Madame  Victor  Verdier. 
Rosy-crimson,  beautiful  form. 
Bell  6l  Son,  1877.     Salmon-rose. 


19 


290 


THE   ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


833.  *  Mrs.  Paul,  vig.  B. 


834.  Mrs.  Pierce,  vig.  P. 

835.  Mrs.  Standish,  dwf. 
H.R. 

836.  Nancy     Lee,     dwf. 
H.T. 


837.  Narcisse,  mod.  {En- 
fant de  Lyon.)     T. 

838.  Nardy  Freres,  free. 
H.R. 


839.  Nina,  mod.      T. 

840.  Niphetos,  dwf.     T. 


841.  Nuits     de     Young, 
mod.    M. 

842.  *  Oakmont.     H.R. 


843.  Oderic    Vital,  vig. 
H.R. 

844.  Odor  at  a,  free, 
{Blush  Tea.)  T. 


Paul  &  Son,  1891.  "  Large  open  flower  like 
a  camelia,  with  very  bold,  thick  petals, 
perfectly  arranged  ;  blush-white,  with 
rosy  peach  shading :  very  distinct.  A 
fine  autumnal  rose.' 

Pierce,  1850.     Blush. 

Trouillard,  i860.  Belongs  to  the  Giant 
oj r  Battles  type.  Deep  crimson,  tinged 
with  purple. 

Bennett,  1879.  From  Alba  Rosea  X  Ed- 
ward Morren.  Satiny-rose,  a  delicate 
and  lovely  shade,  medium  or  small 
size,  beautiful  buds,  highly  scented  ; 
growth  slender,  inclined  to  mildew. 
Were  this  of  vigorous  growth  and  good 
constitution,  it  would  be  a  variety  of 
great  value. 

1845.  Yellow,  an  inferior  Monsieur 
Fur  t  ado. 

Ducher,  1865.  Supposed  to  be  a  seedling 
from  Madame  Boll.  Violet -red,  a 
very  distinct  variety,  but  of  too  perish- 
able a  color  to  have  any  value. 

Blush,  loose  flowers  :  not  of  value. 

1844.  White,  sometimes  tinged  with  pale 
yellow,  long,  large  buds,  the  petals 
thick  and  durable.  A  very  beautiful 
variety  for  growing  under  glass,  it  is 
entirely  unsuited  for  growing  in  open 
air. 

Lafiay,  1851.  Purplish-red,  a  sullied 
shade. 

Comley.  u  Deep  bright  rose  color,  in  the 
way  of  Paul  Neyron,  but  blooms  much 
more  freely  ;  delightfully  scented  ;  con- 
tinues in  bloom  all  summer,  and  is  one 
of  the  best  varieties  for  very  early  winter 
forcing." 

Oger,  1858.  A  sport  from  Baronne  Pre- 
vost.  A  little  lighter  in  color  than  the 
parent,  the  habit  is  the  same. 

Of  Chinese  origin,  brought  to  England  in 
1810.  Carmine,  fading  to  blush,  large 
flowers,  somewhat  loose  but  good  in  the 
bud  ;  one  of  the  most  fragrant.  The 
larger  number  of  the  Teas  are  descend- 
ants of  this  sort. 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


291 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


845.  CEillet    Flamand, 
free.     Fr. 


,  CEillet  Parfait,  mod. 

Prov. 

-Old  Yellow  Tea.     T. 
,  Olga    Marix,    mod. 

H.N. 
,  Olivier  Delhomme, 

free.    H.R. 

Ophelia,  mod.     T. 
,  Ophirie,  vig.    N. 


Oriflamme    de     St. 
Louis,  free.    H.R. 

,  Oscar  Leclerc,  mod. 

P.M. 
,  Oxonian,  mod.    H. 

R. 


854.  Pseonia,  free.    H.R. 


855.  Pallida.    P. 

856.  Panache  d' Orleans, 
vig.     H.R. 


857.  *  Papa  Gontier,  vig. 
T. 


858.  Paquerette,    mod. 
Pol. 


Vibert,  1845.  White,  striped  with  rose, 
like  a  variegated  carnation,  double 
flowers,  of  medium  size  ;  the  foliage  is 
very  dark. 

Foulard,  1841.  Blush,  striped  with  violet- 
rose  ;  inferior  to  the  preceding  sort. 

See  Flavescens. 

Schwartz,  "1873.  Rosy-flesh,  changing  to 
white  ;  inferior. 

V.  Verdier,  1861.  Brilliant  red,  large, 
well  formed. 

Ducher,  1873,     Yellow,  medium  size,  full. 

Goubault,  1844.  Nasturtium -yellow,  suf- 
fused with  coppery -red,  medium  size, 
double:  a  very  distinct  sort, but  very  shy. 

1858.  Raised  from  General  Jacqueminot. 
Brilliant  crimson  ;  resembles  the  parent, 
but  is  inferior  to  it. 

Robert,  1853.  Red,  tinged  with  violet,  in 
the  way  of  Madame  Bouton. 

Turner,  1875.  Belongs  to  the  Victor 
Verdier  type.  Rosy-red,  somewhat 
fragrant,  large  size  ;  the  only  one  of 
the  type  that  has  perfume. 

Lacharme,  1855.  Red,  very  large  or 
large,  full,  fragrant,  a  free  bloomer  ; 
bushy  habit,  dark  lustrous  foliage, 
numerous  pale  red  thorns.  A  fine  gar- 
den rose,  but  not  quite  up  to  exhibition 
standard. 

Feast,  1843.  Blush,  much  resembling 
Super ba. 

Dauvesse,  1854.  A  sport  from  Baronne 
Prevost.  Identical  with  the  parent 
sort,  except  that  the  flowers  are  striped 
with  rosy -white.  It  is  not  constant, 
soon  running  back  to  the  original. 

Nabonnand,  1883.  Rose,  shaded  yellow, 
reverse  of  petals  crimson  ;  large,  semi- 
double,  fragrant,  free  growing,  pro- 
fuse flowering  ;  very  popular  for  winter 
forcing. 

Guillot  fils,  1875.  Pure  white,  about  one 
inch  in  diameter,  full,  prettily  formed, 
recalling  blossoms  of  the  double  flower- 
ing cherry  ;  there  are  five  to  seven 
leaflets,  the  growth  is  slender. 


292 


THE   ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


859.  Paul  Jamain,    free 
H.R. 


860.  Paul    Joseph,    fiee. 
B. 

861.  Paul    Nabonnand, 
free.     T. 

86a.  Paul    Neyron,    vig. 
H.R. 


863.  Paul  Perras,  vig.  H. 
Ch. 

864.  Paul  Ricaut,  free  or 
vig.     H.Ch. 

865.  Paul    Verdier,    vig 
H.Ch. 

866.  Pauline    Lansezeur, 
mod.     H.R. 

867.  Pauline    Talabot, 
free.     H.R. 

868.  Peach       Blossom, 
mod.     H.R. 


869.  Pearl,  dwf.     H.T. 


870.  *  Pearl  Rivers,  vig. 
T. 

871.  Penelope      Mayo, 
mod.     H.R. 


Jamain,  T878.  Belongs  to  the  Charles 
Lefebvre  type.  Crimson,  slightly 
tinged  with  violet-red.  Very  similar  to 
Charles  Le/ebvre. 

Portemer,  1842.     Violet-red. 

Nabonnand,  1877.     Satiny-rose. 

Levet,  1869.  From  Victor  Verdier  X 
Anne  de  Diesbach.  Deep  rose,  very 
large,  very  full,  somewhat  fragrant, 
free  blooming ;  the  wood  is  nearly 
smooth,  the  foliage  tough  and  endur- 
ing, somewhat  tender,  the  growth  is 
very  upright.  The  largest  variety 
known,  and  a  very  desirable  sort  for  the 
garden. 

Pale  rose,  large,  full. 

Portemer,  1845.  Carmine -crimson,  me- 
dium size,  fine  globular  form  ;  one  of 
the  most  beautiful  summer  roses. 

C.  Verdier,  1866.  Carmine -red,  large, 
globular  flowers,  well  built ;  a  splendid 
sort. 

Lansezeur,  1855.  Red,  shaded  with  vio- 
let-crimson, medium  size,  free  bloom- 
ing. 

E.  Verdier,  1873.     Carmine-red. 

\V.  Paul,  1874.  Belongs  to  the  Jules 
Margottin  type.  Mottled  pink,  a  fine 
color,  many  imperfect  blooms ;  there 
are  others  of  this  type  like  Comtesse  de 
Serenye,  Egeria,  and  Marguerite  de 
St.  A  mande,  of  nearly  the  same  shade, 
that  are  greatly  superior. 

Bennett,  1879.  From  President  X  Com- 
tesse de  Serenye.  Rosy-flesh,  small,  full, 
pretty  buds,  with  a  decided  Bourbon 
fragrance  ;  growth  very  slender,  sub- 
ject to  mildew. 

Dingee  &  Conard  Co.,  1890.  Large, 
ivory-white,  shaded  with  clear  rose  ; 
fragrant  and  beautiful. 

Davis,  1873.  (Sent  out  by  Turner.) 
Carmine-red,  full,  well-shaped  flowers. 


CATALOGUE    OF    VARIETIES.         293 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


872.  Perfection  de  Mon- 
plaisir,  mod.     T. 

873.  Perfection  des  Blan- 
ches, free.     H.N. 

874.  Perle     d'A  n  g  e  r  s, 
mod.     B. 

875.  *  Perle  d'Or,   mod. 
Pol. 


876.  Perle  des  Blanches 
mod.    H.N. 

877.  Perle    des    Jardins 
free.      T. 


878.  Perle  de  Lyon,  mod. 
T. 


879.  Perpetual     White 
Moss,  free.     M. 


880.  Persian  Yellow, free 
A. 


Levet,  1871.  Yellow,  a  good  Tea,  which 
may  be  described  as  an  improved  Ca- 
nary ;  like  that  sort  it  is  delicate. 

Schwartz,  1873.  White,  a  good  sort,  but 
inferior  to  Coquette  des  Alpes. 

Moreau-Robert,  1879.     Blush. 

Dubreuil,  1883.  Nankeen -yellow  with 
orange  centre  ;  very  dwarf,  branching 
habit,  blooming  in  clusters  of  twenty  to 
thirty  flowers. 

Lacharme,  1872.  From  Blanche  Lafitte 
X  SaJ>pho.  White,  inferior  to  others 
of  the  type. 

Levet,  1874.  Canary -yellow,  large  or 
very  large,  full,  well  formed,  stiff  stems, 
very  free  ;  the  leaflets  are  five  to  seven 
in  number,  deeply  serrated,  very  dark 
and  glaucous.  A  superb  sort  for  forc- 
ing, and  fine  also  in  open  air. 

Ducher,  1872.  Yellow  with  saffron  cen- 
tre, large,  full,  very  fragrant ;  fully  as 
fine  in  quality  as  the  preceding,  but  so 
subject  to  mildew  as  to  be  worthless  to 
ordinary  cultivators. 

Laffay.  A  sport  from  White  Damask. 
White,  tinged  with  flesh,  flowers  in 
clusters,  medium  size,  semi-double  or 
double,  coarse  form  ;  but  little  mossed, 
unattractive  either  in  bud  or  flower ; 
the  name  is  a  deception,  as  it  very 
rarely  blooms  in  the  autumn.  Greatly 
inferior  to  White  Bath,  and  also  Com- 
tesse  de  Murinais. 
Introduced  from  Persia  by  H.  Willock, 
in  1830.  Bright  yellow,  small,  nearly 
full,  well  formed  ;  small  foliage,  faintly 
scented  like  the  sweetbrier  ;  seven  leaf- 
lets ;  the  wood  is  chocolate  brown  in 
color,  armed  with  numerous  brown 
thorns  ;  it  is  the  finest  of  all  hardy  yel- 
low roses.  It  must  not  be  closely 
pruned  ;  it  is  desirable  to  grow  more 
than  one  plant,  and  by  pruning  one  this 
year,  in  the  usual  way,  and  the  othe.- 
the  next,  annual  crops  of  flowers  may 
be  had.     Does  not  grow  from  cuttings. 


294 


THE  ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


881.  Pierre  Guillot,  mod. 
H.T. 

882.  Pierre  Notting,  free. 
H.R. 


883.  Pierre  Seletzki.     H. 
R. 

884.  *  Pink   Rover,    vig. 
H.T. 


885.  Pius  the  Ninth,  vig. 
H.R. 

886.  Portland     Blanche, 
free.    Dam. 

887.  Prefet      Limbourg, 
vig.    H.R. 

888.  President.     T. 

889.  President    Leon   de 
St.  Jean,  mod.   H.R. 


jo.  President     Lincoln, 
free.     H.R. 


)i.  President  Mas,  free, 
H.R. 


892.  President  Schlach- 
ter,  free  or  vig.  H. 
R. 

893.  President  Thiers, 
dwf.    H.R. 

894.  Pride  of  Waltham, 
mod.    H.R. 


Guillot  fils,  1879.  Deep  red,  fragrant  and 
good. 

Portemer,  1863.  Deep  crimson,  tinged 
with  violet,  large,  or  very  large,  fine, 
globular  form,  highly  scented ;  the 
most  beautiful  dark  rose,  after  Louis 
Van  Houtte. 

Levet,  1872.     Violet-red. 

W.  Paul  &  Son,  1890.  Flowers  very  pale 
pink,  deeper  in  the  centre,  large,  full 
and  expanded ;  exceedingly  sweet ; 
buds  long,  clean,  and  handsome.  Of 
semi-climbing  habit. 

Vibert,  1849.  Violet-rose,  a  very  sullied 
shade,  flat  form,  very  full,  free  bloom- 
ing, very  hardy. 

Vibert,  1836.  White,  tinged  with  flesh, 
large,  very  full,  flat  form  ;  often  comes 
with  green  centre. 

Margottin  fils,  1878.  Crimson,  tinged 
with  violet,  double,  or  full ;  a  rose  of 
fine  color. 

i860.     (Sent  out  by  W.  Paul.)     See  Adam. 

Lacharme,  1875.  Raised  from  Charles 
Le/ebvre.  This  is  simply  an  inferior 
Charles  Lefebvre,  not  worthy  of  cul- 
tivation. 

Granger,  1863.  Vermilion  red,  tinged 
with  crimson,  the  flowers  are  much  like 
General  Washington,  but  inferior  in 
quality  to  that  variety,  the  habit  of 
growth  is  stronger. 

Guillot  fils,  1865.  Raised  from  Triomphe 
de  V Exposition.  Red,  shaded  with 
crimson,  often  comes  with  bad  cen- 
tre. 

E.  Verdier,  1877.  Reddish  -  crimson, 
finged  with  violet. 

Lacharme,  1871.  Belongs  to  the  Victor 
Verdier  type.  Carmine -red,  one  of 
the  darkest  colored  in  the  type. 

W.  Paul,  1881.  Belongs  to  the  Victor 
Verdier  type.  Flesh  color,  shaded 
with  rose,  a  deeper  shade  than  Eugenie 
Verdier. 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES.         295 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


895.  Prince  Arthur,  free. 
H.R. 


.  Prince    Camille    de 
Rohan,  free.     H.R 


897 


Prince     de     Portia, 
free.    H.R. 


899 
900 

901, 
902. 

904 
9°5 

906 
907, 


.  Prince  Humbert, 
free  or  mod.     H.R. 

.  Prince  Leon,  mod. 
H.R. 

.  Prince  of  Wales, 
mod.    H.R. 

.  Prince  Paul  Demi- 
doff,  free.     H.R. 

Prince  Prosper 
d'Aremberg.     T. 

Princess  Adelaide, 
vig.     M. 


909 
910 


.  Princess  Alice,  vig 

M. 
.  Princess  Antoinette 

Strozzio,  free.     H.R. 

.  Princess  Beatrice, 
mod.     H.R. 

,  Princess  Charlotte 
de  la  Tremouille, 
mod.     H.R. 

,  Princess    Christian, 
mod.     H.R. 
Princess       Clemen- 
tine, vig.     Prov. 

Princess    Louise, 
mod.     H.R. 


Cant,  1875.  Belongs  to  the  General 
Jacqueminot  type.  Deep  crimson, 
smaller  but  better  formed  than  Jacque- 
minot. 

E.  Verdier,  1861.  Very  deep  velvety- 
crimson,  large,  moderately  full,  habit 
somewhat  spreading,  shy  in  autumn. 
A  good  rose,  of  splendid  color. 

E.  Verdier,  1865.  Vermilion,  large,  full, 
well  formed,  one  of  the  most  fragrant, 
somewhat  subject  to  mildew.  A  splen- 
did variety. 

Margottin,  1867.  Crimson,  large,  well 
formed,  excellent. 

Marest,  1852.  Rosy-crimson,  stiff,  short 
wood. 

Laxton,  1869.  (Sent  out  by  G.  Paul.) 
From  Louise  Peyronny  X  Victor  Ver- 
dier.    Pink,  very  large,  double. 

Guillot  fils,  1873.     Satiny-rose. 

Soupert  &  Notting,  1880.     Salmon-red. 


Laffay,    1845.     Pale   rose,    medium    size, 

not  very  mossy,  but  good  in  bud  and 

flower ;    dark   foliage,    which    is   often 

variegated. 
W.  Paul,  1853.  Raised  from  Luxembourg. 

Violet-rose,  not  well  mossed. 
E.  Verdier,  1874.     Red,  large,  full,  well 

formed  ;  slightly  in  the  way  of  Marie 

Rady. 
W.  Paul,  1872.     Belongs  to  the    Victor 

Verdier  type.     Pink,  globular  flowers  ; 

fades  quickly  and  is  not  desirable. 
Leyeque,  1877.     Pale-satiny-rose,  medium 

size,  full,  somewhat   fragrant ;   not  of 

first  quality,  but   very  free   blooming 

and  therefore  of  some  value. 
W.  Paul,    1870.     Salmon -rose,   does  not 
open  well ;  worthless. 
Vibert,    1842.     A    beautiful    white    rose, 

much   resembling,   but    not  equalling. 

Blanche jleur. 
Laxton,   1869.     (Sent  out    by   G.   Paul.) 

Raised  from  Mine.   Videt  X  Virginal. 

Blush,  medium  size,  good. 


296 


THE  ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


91  x.  Princess  Louise  Vic 
toria,  vig.     H.  CI. 


912.  Princess  Marie  Dol- 
gorouky,  free.    H.R. 

913.  Princess  Mary  of 
Cambridge,  mod.  //. 
R. 


914.  Princess     Mathilde, 
mod.     H.R. 


915.  Princess    of  Wales, 
free.     H.R. 

916.  Professor  Koch, 
free.    H.R. 

917.  Pumila,  free.     N. 


918.  *  Puritan,  vig.  H.T. 


919.  Purpurea    Rubra, 
mod.     M. 

920.  Queen      Eleanor, 
mod.  or  free.      H.R. 


921.  Queen  of  Ayrshires, 
vig.     Ay. 

922.  Queen  of    Bedders, 
dwf.     B. 


923.  Queen  of  Bourbons, 
mod.  or  dwf.     B. 

924.  Queen    of    Queens. 
H.R. 

925.  Queen   of  the   Bel- 
gians, vig.     Ay. 


Knight,  1872.  Salmon-pink,  medium  size, 
fine  globular  form,  not  fragrant ;  dark 
foliage,  wood  nearly  smooth.  A  splen- 
did rose. 

Gonod,  1878.  Raised  from  Anne  de  Dies- 
bach.     Satiny-rose,  very  large. 

Granger,  1866.  (Sent  out  by  G.  Paul.) 
From  Duchess  of  Sutherland  X  Jules 
Margottin.  Salmon-pink,  often  mot- 
tled ;  a  fine  sort,  now  surpassed  by 
Countess  of  Serenye  and  Egeria. 

Liabaud,  i860.  (Sent  out  by  Jean  Pernet.) 
Burgundy-crimson,  a  lovely  shade,  me- 
dium size,  double,  never  full.  It  seems 
as  though  this  must  be  the  founder  of 
the  Baron  de  Bonstetten  type. 

W.  Paul  1864.  Crimson,  cupped  form, 
double. 

E.  Verdier,  1861.  Cherry -red,  medium 
size,  double,  erect  growth,  liable  to 
mildew. 

Origin  and  raiser  unknown.  Salmon-rose, 
seeming  to  have  Saf ratio  blood,  very 
free. 

Bennett,  1886.  Flowers  large,  often 
badly  formed  ;  pure  white,  sweet  ;  fine 
foliage. 

Purplish-red,  a  bad  color. 

W.  Paul,  1876.  Pink,  tinged  with  ma- 
genta-red, large,  full,  well  formed; 
wood  and  thorns  light  green.  A  very 
beautiful  rose  when  perfect,  but  sparsely 
produced  and  not  reliable. 

Rivers.  Violet  -crimson,  semi-double, 
small. 

Noble,  1877.  Raised  from  Sir  J.  Pax- 
ton.  Crimson,  medium  size,  very  full ; 
a  free  flowering  sort.  The  color  is  not 
very  durable. 

Mauger,  1834.  Fawn  and  rose,  medium 
or  small  size,  fragrant,  very  free,  of 
delicate  habit. 

W.  Paul,  1882.  "Pink  with  blush  edges, 
large  and  full,  and  of  perfect  form ; 
grows  and  flowers  freely.  ' 

White,  small,  double. 


CATALOGUE    OF    VARIETIES.         297 


Variety,  Habit 
or  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


926.  Queen  of  the   Prai 
ries,  vig.     P, 


927.  Queen  of  Waltham 
mod.    H.R. 

928.  Queen's    Scarlet, 
mod.     Beng. 

929.  Queen       Victoria, 
mod.     H.R. 


930.  *  Rainbow,  vig.     T, 


931.  R.   Dudley  Baxter, 
H.R. 

932.  Red   Dragon,    free. 
H.R. 

934.  *  Red  Gauntlet,  vig, 
H.R. 

935.  *  Red    Pet,    mod. 
Beng. 

936.  Red      Rover,     vig. 
H.Cl. 

Red  Safrano.      T. 

937.  Reine  Blanche, mod. 
M. 

938.  Reine  Blanche, mod. 
H.R. 

939.  Reine  Blanche, mod. 
H.R. 

940.  Reine   de  Portugal, 
mod.     T. 


941.  Reine  des  Massifs, 
vig.    N. 

942.  Reine  des  Violettes, 
free.    H.R. 

943.  Reine  du  Midi,  free 
or  vig.    H.R. 


Feast,  1843.  Rosy-red,  frequently  with 
white  stripe,  medium  or  large  size, 
double;  foliage  large,  five  leaflets' 
quite  deeply  serrated. 

W.  Paul,  1875.  Cherry-red,  of  good  size, 
very  fragrant,  does  not  bloom  till  late  ; 
a  variety  of  fair  quality. 

Hallock  &  Thorpe,  1880.  Crimson,  seems 
to  be  an  improved  Agrippina. 

Fontaine,  1850.  (Sent  out  by  W.  Paul.) 
Raised  from  La  Reine.  Blush  with 
pink  centre,  large,  very  full,  globular  ; 
does  not  open  well. 

Sievers,  1891.  A  sport  from  Papa 
Gontier,  resembling  that  variety,  with 
the  exception  that  the  color  is  lighter, 
being  pink,  and  with  the  petals  some- 
what striped  or  blotched. 

W.  Paul,  1879.     Maroon,  large  size. 

VV.  Paul,  1878.  Crimson,  large,  rather 
loose  flowers  ;  not  valuable. 

W.  Paul  &  Son,  1881.  Bright  scarlet- 
crimson,  shaded  with  deep  rose  ;  very 
large  and  full. 

A  miniature  rose  with  dark  crimson 
flowers  produced  continuously. 

W.  Paul,  1863.  Red,  tinged  with  crim- 
son. 

See  Safrano  a  fleur  Rouge. 

Robert,  185S.  White,  a  shy  blooming 
sort. 

Damaizin,  1868.  Raised  from  La  Reine. 
Blush,  well  formed. 

Crozy,  1869.  Raised  from  Victor  Ver- 
dier.     Flesh-white,  shaded  with  rose. 

Guillotfils,  1867.  Coppery-yellow,  blend- 
ing with  rose,  large,  very  full ;  an  emi- 
nently distinct  sort,  but  does  not  open 
well. 

Levet,  1874.  Salmon-yellow,  medium 
size. 

Mille- Mallet,  i860.  Raised  from  Pius 
the  Ninth.     Violet-red,  a  muddy  color. 

Robert,  r868.  The  same  as  La  Reine, 
though  supposed  by  some  to  be  larger 
and  fuller. 


298 


THE  ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
or  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


944.  Reine     Emma  des 
Pays  Bas,  free.     T. 

945.  Reine     Maria  Pia, 
vig.     a.  T. 

946.  Reine    Marie    Hen- 
riette,  vig.     CI.  T. 


947.  *  Reine  Nathalie  de 
Serbie,  vig.     T. 

948.  *  Reine  Olga  de 
Wurtemburg,  vig. 
H.T. 

949.  Reved'Or,  free.   N 

950.  Rev.      J.      B.      M 
Camm,mod.     H.R. 


951.  Richard    Lax  ton 
free.     H.R. 


952.  Richard 
mod.     H.R. 


Smith 


953.  Richard  Wallace, 
free.     H.R. 

954.  Rivers,  free.     H.R. 

955.  Robert   Marnock, 
free  or  vig.     H.R. 

956.  *  Rosalie,  mod.     T. 


Nabonnand,  1879.  Yellow,  shaded  with 
reddish-salmon. 

Schwartz,  1880.  Raised  from  Gloire  de 
Dijon.  Deep  rose,  the  centre  reddish- 
crimson. 

Levet,  1878.  From  Mme.  Be'rard'X.Gen- 
eral  Jacqueminot.  Cherry-red,  a  pure 
shade,  large,  double,  somewhat  fra- 
grant ;  a  beautiful,  but  rather  unpro- 
ductive sort. 

Soupert  &  Notting,  1885.  Flesh  color, 
shaded  lightly  with  yellow,  large  and 
full,  of  good  form,  very  fragrant. 

Nabonnand,  1881.  Brilliant  red ;  very 
large  ;  semi-double. 

Ducher,  1869.  Buff-yellow,  medium  size, 
full. 

Turner,  1875  Belongs  to  the  Jules  Mar- 
gottin  type.  Carmine -rose,  a  fine  en- 
during shade,  large  or  medium  size, 
semi-globular  form  ;  one  of  the  most 
fragrant  and  free  blooming.  A  superb 
rose. 

Laxton,  1878.  (Sent  out  by  Turner.) 
Reddish -crimson,  large,  full;  some- 
what re  s  e  m  b  1  e  s  Marechal  Vail- 
lant. 

E.  Verdier,  1861.  Belongs  to  the  Gen. 
Jacqueminot  type.  Crimson,  tinged 
with  purple,  not  valuable. 

Leveque,  1871.  Red,  very  large  ;  not  of 
first  quality, 

Laffay,  1839.  Rose  color,  large,  flat  form, 
not  valuable. 

G.  Paul,  1878.  Belongs  to  the  Duke  0/ 
Edinburgh  type.  Brownish-crimson, 
double,  not  free  in  autumn. 

Ellwanger  &  Barry,  1884.  Raised  from 
seed  of  Marie  Van  Houtte.  Of  slender 
yet  healthy  growth  ;  flower  small,  a 
little  larger  than  Paquerette,  and  of 
a  deep  pink  color,  about  the  shade 
of  Madame  Lambard.  Pretty  in  bud, 
the  flowers  being  of  good  substance, 
and  remaining  perfect  for  a  long  time  ; 
fragrant. 


CATALOGUE   OF    VARIETIES. 


299 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


957.  Rose  du  Roi,  mod. 
(Crimson  Perpet- 
ual.)   Dam. 

958.  Rosieriste  Harms, 
free.    H.R. 

959.  Rosieriste  Jacobs, 
free.     H.R. 

960.  Rosy  Morn,  dwf. 
H.R. 


961.  Royal      Standard, 
mod.    H.R. 

962.  Royal  Tea,  mod.   T. 

963.  Rubens,  mod.   H.R. 

964.  Rubens,  free.     T. 


965.  Rugosa  Alba,  vig. 


966.  Rugosa  Rubra,  vig. 


967.  S.   Reynolds    Hole, 
mod.    H.R. 


968.  Safrano,  free.     T. 


Lelieur,    1812.     Bright  crimson,  large, 

double,  very  fragrant;  occasionally 

blooms  in  autumn. 
E.   Verdier,    1879.     Velvety-red,  shaded 

with  crimson,  slightly  resembling  Mme. 

Victor  Verdier. 
Madame  Ducher,  1880.     Bright  red. 

W.  Paul,  1878.  Belongs  to  the  VictorVer- 
dier  type.  Salmon-pink,  a  deeper  shade 
than  Eugenie  Verdier ;  peculiar  wood 
and  foliage  more  like  Captain  Christy 
than  any  other  variety.  A  good  rose, 
but  with  too  many  imperfect  blooms. 

Turner,  1874.  Satiny- rose,  tinged  with 
lilac,  a  large,  well-formed,  globular 
flower  ;  but  does  not  open  well. 

White,  faintly  tinged  with  yellow,  long, 
beautiful  buds,  delicate  habit. 

Laffay,  1852.  Bright  red,  a  fine  color, 
flowers  loose. 

Moreau-Robert,  1859.  Rosy-flesh, 
deeper  at  centre,  large,  full,  well 
formed,  fine  in  the  bud.  An  excellent 
variety. 

A  species  from  Japan,  introduced  some 
years  ago.  White,  large  size,  five  petals, 
fragrant.     A  beautiful  single  rose. 

Also  from  Japan.  Deep  rose,  tinged 
with  violet,  single,  fragrant.  The 
flowers  are  succeeded  by  very  bright 
colored  heps  of  large  size,  which  in  the 
autumn  are  exceedingly  attractive. 
The  leaflets  are  nine  in  number,  of  dark 
color,  very  tough  and  durable.  These 
two  kinds  are  splendid  shrubs  for  bor- 
ders. 

G.  Paul,  1872.  Maroon,  flushed  with 
scarlet-crimson,  medium  size,  full,  well 
formed  ;  shy  in  the  autumn  and  sub- 
ject to  mildew.  A  rose  of  great  beauty 
but  not  at  all  adapted  to  general  culti- 
vation. 

Beauregard,  1839.  Saffron  and  apricot- 
yellow,  large,  semi-double,  exceedingly 
beautiful  in  the  bud,  very  free.  The 
seed  organs  are  better  developed  than 
in  almost  any  other  kind. 


3°° 


THE   ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


969.  Safrano  a  fleur 
Rouge,  mod.  (Red 
Safrano.)     T. 

970.  Saint  George,  mod. 
H.R. 

971.  *  Salamander,  vig. 
H.R. 

972.  Salet,  free.     P.M. 


973.  Sanguinea,  mod. 
Beng. 

974.  *  Sappho,  vig.  T. 


975.  Senateur  Vaisse, 
mod.     H.R. 


976.  Setina,  free.     B. 


Seven  Sisters.  Mult. 

977.  Sir     Garnet      Wol- 

seley,    vig.   or   free. 

H.R. 


978.  Sir  Joseph  Paxton, 
free.    B. 

gjg.  *Snowflake,  vig.   T. 


980.  Socrates,  free.     T. 


Oger,  1868.  Belongs  to  the  Safrano 
type.  Saffron-yellow,  shaded  with 
coppery-red,  semi-double  ;  a  peculiar 
scent,  not  pleasing. 

W.  Paul,  1874.  Crimson,  shaded  with 
purple. 

VV.  Paul  &  Son,  1891.  "  Large  and  full  ; 
bright  scarlet -crimson,  very  vivid  in 
summer;  very  free  flowering." 

Lacharme,  1854.  Light  rose,  medium  size, 
flat  form,  fairly  good  buds,  very  free. 
The  best  in  the  class,  after  Soupert  et 
Notting. 

Crimson,  medium  or  small  size.  An  in- 
ferior Agrippina. 

W.  Paul  &.  Son,  1889.  Buds  medium, 
full,  globular,  fawn  color,  suffused  with 
rose,  the  opening  flowers  shaded  with 
yellow  and  tawny  buff.  Distinct  and 
handsome  ;  vigorous  and  free  bloom- 
ing. 

Guillot  pere,  1859.  Raised  from  General 
facqueminot.  Red,  shaded  with  car- 
mine-crimson, large,  full,  well  formed, 
highly  scented.  A  fine  rose,  but  now 
surpassed  by  Mons.  E.  Y.  Teas. 

P.  Henderson,  1859.  A  sport  from  Her- 
tnosa.  Identical  with  the  parent,  ex- 
cept that  the  habit  is  a  little  more  vigor- 
ous. 

See  Greville. 

Cranston,  1875.  Said  to  be  a  seedling 
from  Prince  Cam  i  lie.  [We  doubt  this 
parentage.]  Nearly  identical  with  Mau- 
rice Bernardin  ;  the  flowers  may  be  a 
little  superior  in  finish,  but  they  are 
less  freely  produced. 

Laffay,  1852.  Deep  red}  slightly  tinged 
with  violet,  medium  size,  well  formed, 
non-autumnal. 

Strauss  &  Co.,  1890.  Sent  out  by  Strauss 
&  Co.,  of  Washington,  D.C.  ;  a  very 
free  flowering  white  rose  ;  useful  in  set 
designs,  and  as  a  pot  plant. 

Moreau-Robert,  1858.  Deep  rose  tinged 
with  fawn,  large  or  medium  size,  double 
or  full.     Quite  a  good  Tea. 


CATALOGUE   OF    VARIETIES. 


301 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


,  Soeur     des     Anges. 
mod.     H.R. 

Solfaterre,    vig, 
(A  ugusta.)     N. 


983.  Sombreuil,  vig.     T. 


984 


98s 


987, 


990, 
991, 
992 


Soupert  et  Notting, 
dwf.    P.M. 


Souvenir  d'Adolphe 
Thiers,  mod.     H.R. 

Souvenir  d'Auguste 
Riviere,  free.     H.R. 

Souvenir  d '  Elise 
Vardon,  mod.     T. 


,  *  Souvenir  de  Clair- 
vaux,  vig.      T. 

.  Souvenir  de  Georges 
Sand,  free.     T. 

,  Souvenir  de  Henry 
Clay,  free.     .S". 

.  *  Souvenir  de  Ga- 
brielle  Drevet,  vig. 
T. 

.  Souvenir  de  la  Mal- 
maison,  mod.    B. 


Oger,  1863.  A  sport  from  Duchesse  d' Or- 
leans. Flesh,  shaded  with  lilac;  not 
valuable. 

Boyeau,  1843.  Raised  from  Lamarque. 
Sulphur-yellow,  large,  double  or  full, 
slightly  fragrant.  An  excellent  climb- 
ing rose,  and  valuable  as  a  stock  on 
which  to  bud  Teas. 

Moreau-Robert,  1851.  Evidently  of  Bour- 
bon parentage  on  one  side.  Creamy- 
white,  often  tinted  with  pink,  large  or 
very  large,  full,  well  formed  ;  the  har- 
diest and  most  vigorous  of  the  white 
Teas,  and  free  from  mildew.  A  valu- 
able sort  for  culture  in  the  open  air. 

Pernet,  1874.  Rose  color,  very  large,  very 
full,  globular  form,  highly  scented,  not 
very  mossy,  a  true  ever-blooming  rose, 
five  leaflets  only.  The  flowers  are  some- 
times malformed,  but  they  are  infinitely 
superior  to  all  others  of  the  same  class. 

Moreau-Robert,  1877.  Raised  from  Coun- 
tess of  Oxford.  Red,  tinged  with  ver- 
milion, very  large. 

E.  Verdier,  1877.  Belongs  to  the  Prince 
Camille  type.     Velvety-crimson. 

Marest,  1855.  Flesh  color,  shaded  with 
rosy -salmon,  large,  full;  highly  es- 
teemed in  England,  but  we  have  never 
admired  it ;  refinement  is  lacking  in  the 
flower. 

Eugene  Verdier,  1891.  Large,  well 
formed  ;  buds  large,  long  ;  pinkish-rose  ; 
fragrant. 

Madame  Ducher,  1876.  Salmon  and  rose, 
reverse  of  petals  tinged  with  lilac,  bad- 
ly formed. 

Boll,  1854.  A  hybrid  Scotch.  Rose  color, 
small  or  medium  size,  gives  some  blooms 
in  the  autumn. 

Guillot  fils,  1885.  Salmon -white,  centre 
coppery-rose,  large  and  full,  very  sweet. 

Beluze,  1843.  Supposed  to  be  a  seed- 
ling from  Madame  Desprez.  Flesh 
shaded  with  fawn,  large,  very  full,  flat 
form,  rich  foliage.     A  splendid  rose. 


302 


THE  ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


993.  Souvenir  de  la 
Reine  d'Angleterre, 
vig.  or  free.     H.R. 

994.  Souvenir  de  la  Reine 
des  Beiges,  mod.  or 
free.     H.R. 

995.  Souvenir  de  Laffay. 
H.R. 

996.  Souvenir  de  Leveson 
Gower,  free.     H.R. 

997.  Souvenir  de  Louis 
Van  Houtte,  free. 
H.R. 

998.  Souvenir  de  Mme. 
Robert,  free  or  vig. 
H.R. 

999.  *  Souvenir  de  Ma- 
dame Sablayrolles, 
vig.      T. 

1000.  Souvenir  de  Marie 
Detrey,  free.     T. 

1001.  Souvenir  de  Mons. 
Boll,  mod.  or  free. 
H.R. 

1002.  Souvenir  de  Mons. 
Droche.     H.R. 

1003.  Souvenir  de  Paul 
Neyron,  mod.     T. 


1004.  Souvenir  de  Pierre 
D  u  p  u  y,  vig.  H. 
Ck. 

1005.  Souvenir  de  Mme. 
Pernet,  vig.     T. 


1006.  Souvenir  de  Spa, 
mod.    H.R. 

1007.  *Souvenir  de  Victor 
Hugo,  vig.     T. 

1008.  Souvenir  de  Victor 
Verdier,  free  or  mod 
H.R. 


Cochet,   1855.     Raised  from   La  Reine. 

Bright  rose,  very  large,  double  ;  shy  in 

autumn. 
Cochet,  1855.     Carmine-red,  medium  size, 

good  color,  rather  tender. 

E.  Verdier,  1878.    Violet-crimson. 

Guillot  pere,  1852.  Deep-rose,  very  large, 
double  or  full,  fine  flowers ;  quite  ten- 
der, and  subject  to  mildew. 

E.  Verdier,  1876.  Bright  crimson,  some- 
times tinged  with  violet,  well  formed, 
quite  a  good  rose. 

Moreau-Robert,  1876.  Raised  from  Jules 
Margottin.    Salmon-pink. 

Bonnaire,    1890.     Large,   finely   formed ; 

creamy-white,  tinged  with  silvery-rose  ; 

fragrant. 
Madame  Ducher,  1877.     Salmon  rose  ;  of 

inferior  quality,  not  worth  growing. 
Boyeau,   1866.     Cherry-red,  large,  very 

full. 

Madame  Ducher,  1881.  Carmine -rose, 
double. 

Levet,  1871.  Said  to  be  a  seedling  from 
the  Noisette  Ophirie.  Pale  salmon- 
yellow,  medium  or  small  size  ;  rather  a 
good  rose,  but  too  delicate  to  be  gener- 
ally useful. 

A.  Levet,  1876.  Red,  large,  globular 
flowers,  well  formed,  fragrant. 

Pernet,  1875.  Tender  rose,  the  base  of 
petals  tinged  with  yellow,  large  loose 
flowers,  sparsely  produced.  A  distinct 
but  not  valuable  sort. 

Gautreau,  1873.  Poised  from  Mme.  Vic- 
tor Verdier.  Bright  red,  shaded  with 
crimson,  well  formed. 

Bonnaire,  1886.  China  rose,  centre  cop- 
pery ;  large,  full,  and  distinct. 

E.  Verdier,  1878.  Red,  shaded  with  vio- 
let-crimson, a  well-formed,  good  rose. 


CATALOGUE   OF    VARIETIES. 


3°3 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


1009.  Souvenir  de  Wm, 
Wood,  mod.    H.R. 

1010.  Souvenir  d'un  Ami, 
free.     T. 

ion.  Souvenir  du  Comte 
de  Cavour,  mod.  H. 
R. 

1012.  Souvenir  du  Dr 
Jamain,  free.    H.R 

1013.  Souvenir  du  Presi- 
dent Porcher,  mod 
H.R. 

1014.  *  Souvenir  du  Ro- 
sieriste  Gonod,  vig. 
H.R. 

1015.  *Souvenir  de  Woot- 
ton,  vig.    H.  T. 


1016.  Standard  of  Maren- 
go, vig.     H.R. 

1017.  Stanwell      Perpet- 
ual, mod.     S. 


1018.  Star  of  Waltham, 
mod.  or  dwf.     H.R. 


1019.  Stephanie  -  et-Ro- 
dolphe,  vig.     CI.  T. 

1020.  Sulphureux,    mod. 
T. 

102 1.  Sultan  of  Zanzibar, 
mod.    H.R. 

1022.  Superba,  vig.     P. 


E.  Verdier,  1864.  Belongs  to  the  Prince 
Camille  type.  A  fine,  very  dark  crim- 
son, not  equalling  Prince  Camille. 

Belot,  1846.  Rose,  tinged  with  salmon, 
very  large,  full,  highly  perfumed;  an  old 
favorite  which  yet  retains  its  high  rank. 

Margottin,  1861.  Red,  shaded  with  crim- 
son. 

Lacharme,  1865.  Raised  from  Charles 
Lefebvre.  Plum  color,  shaded  with 
deep  crimson. 

T.  Grange,  1880.  (Sent  out  by  Vigneron.) 
Raised  from  Victor  Verdier.  Deep 
rose. 

Jean  Ducher,  1890.  Very  large,  full,  and 
well  formed  ;  cerise,  veined  with  bright 
rose  ;  fragrant.     Forces  well. 

Cook,  1888.  A  red  hybrid  Tea  from  seed 
of  Bon  Silene,  fertilized  with  Louis 
Van  Houtte ;  plant  vigorous  with  fine 
foliage ;  free  blooming ;  buds  of  good 
size  on  strong  shoots;  of  a  rich  red  color 
and  extremely  fragrant.  If  the  buds 
were  longer  this  would  be  a  very  valu- 
able variety  for  forcing. 

Guillot  pere,  1851.  Rosy-crimson, double, 
fragrant. 

Lee.  Blush,  medium  size,  double,  deli- 
cately scented,  foliage  very  small,  nine 
to  eleven  leaflets  ;  dark  reddish-brown 
wood,  numerous  small  spines.  A  hy- 
brid which  blooms  in  the  autumn. 

VV.  Paul,  1875.  Carmine-crimson,  medium 
size,  semi-globular,  full,  fragrant ;  very 
large  foliage,  smooth  green  wood,  with 
occasional  red  thorns.  A  good  rose  but 
not  reliable. 

Levet,  1880.  Raised  from  Gloire  de  Di- 
jon.    Orange-yellow. 

Ducher,  1869.  Sulphur-yellow,  medium 
size. 

G.  Paul,  1875.  Crimson-maroon,  in  the 
style  of  S.  Reynolds  Hole ;  very  un- 
healthy habit. 

Feast,  1843.  Pink,  becoming  blush,  small, 
full,  pretty. 


3°4 


THE  ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


1023.  *Suzanne  Blanchet, 
vig.     T. 

1024.  Sydonie,  vig.  H.R 


1025.  *  T.     W.      Girdle- 
stone,  vig.     H.R. 


1026.  Tatiana  Oneguine. 

free.     H.R. 
i<y2j.  The    Shah,   free, 

H.R. 


1028.  Theodore     Bullier, 
free.     H.R. 

1029.  Therese    Genevay. 
T. 

1030.  Thomas   Methven, 
free.     H.R. 

1031.  Thomas  Mills,  vig. 
or  free.     H.R. 

1032.  ThyraHammerich, 
mod.  or  free.     H.R. 

1033.  Triomphe     d' Ami- 
ens, vig.     H.R. 


1034.  Triomphe  d' An- 
gers, mod.     H.R. 

1035.  Triomphe       de 
Beaute,  free.     H.R. 

1036.  Triomphe  de  Caen, 
dwf .  or  mod.     H.R. 

1037.  Triomphe      de 
France,  dwf.     H.R. 


Nabonrand,  1886.  Rose  tinted  with  flesh 
color ;  large  and  of  fine  form ;  very 
fragrant. 

Dorisy,  1846.  Rose  color,  medium  size, 
very  full,  quartered  form,  very  free 
blooming,  very  hardy ;  five  to  seven 
leaflets,  red  thorns.  Its  poor  shape  de- 
stroys its  usefulness. 

A.  Dickson  &  Sons,  1890.  Very  large, 
perfectly  symmetrical  in  form  ;  brilliant 
carmine,  base  of  petals  shaded  with 
lake ;  very  fragrant. 

Leveque,  1881.  Raised  from  Elizabeth 
Vigneron.     Carmine-red. 

G.  Paul,  1874.  Raised  from  Duke  oj 
Edinburgh.  Red,  shaded  with  bright 
crimson,  rather  small,  full ;  a  shy 
bloomer,  and  subject  to  mildew. 

E.  Verdier,  1879.  Carmine -red,  tinged 
with  violet-crimson. 

Levet,  1875.     Rose,  tinged  with  fawn. 

E.  Verdier,  1869.  Red,  tinged  with  vel- 
vety-crimson, good  size,  well  formed  ; 
a  fine  rose. 

E.  Verdier,  1873.  Rosy-  crimson,  very 
large,  double  ;  a  good  garden  variety. 

Ledechaux,  1868.  Raised  from  Duchess 
of  Sutherland.  Rosy-flesh,  large,  well 
formed  ;  distinct  and  good. 

Mille-Mallet,  1861.  A  sport  from  Gen- 
eral Jacqueminot.  Crimson,  some- 
times marbled  and  striped  with  carmine- 
purple,  but  generally  like  the  parent  ; 
not  valuable. 

Moreau-Robert,  1863.  Rich  crimson,  suf- 
fused with  purple. 

Oger,  1853.  Reddish -crimson,  double, 
somewhat  resembles  General  Jacque- 
minot, but  much  inferior. 

Cger,  1862.  Crimson,  tinged  with  purple, 
a  non-permanent  shade,  not  desir- 
able. 

Margottin,  1875.  Carmine  -  red,  very 
large,  very  full,  flat,  fragrant ;  a  fine 
sort,  but  not  reliable,  and  of  such  poor 
growth  as  to  destroy  its  value. 


CATALOGUE    OF    VARIETIES. 


3°5 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


1038.  Triomphe  de  Jaus- 
sens,  free.     Fr. 

1039.  Triomphe  de  1' Ex- 
position, free.     H.R. 


1040.  Triomphe   de    Mr 
Ian,  mod.     T. 


1041.  *  Triomphe  de  Per- 
net  pere,  vig.      T. 

1042.  Triomphe  de  Ren- 
nes,  free.    N. 

1043.  Triomphe  de  Tou- 
louse.    H.R. 

1044.  Triomphe  des 
Beaux  Arts,  free  or 
vig.    H.R. 

1045.  Triomphe  des  Ros- 
omanes,  vig.     H.R. 


1046.  Triomphe  du  Lux- 
embourg, free.     T. 


1047.  Triumphant,  vig. 
P. 

104S.  Ulrich    Briinner, 

vig.     H.R. 
Unique.     M. 

1049.  Unique,  vig. 
( IV h  ite  Provence. ) 
Prov. 

1050.  Vainqueur  de  Sol- 
ferino,  mod.     H.R 

1051.  Vallee  de  Chamou- 
nix,  mod.     T. 

1052.  *  Vick's  Caprice, 
vig.     H.R. 


20 


Crimson,  large  loose  flowers,  wood  armed 
with  short  dark  spines. 

Margottin,  1855.  Reddish-crimson,  large, 
rather  coarse  flowers,  fragrant,  numer- 
ous red  thorns,  hardy ;  occasionally 
comes  very  fine,  but  generally  the 
quality  is  inferior. 

Madame  Ducher,  1876.  White,  suffused 
with  pale  yellow,  without  fragrance  ;  a 
fine  rose,  similar,  but  inferior,  to  Marie 
G  iii Hot. 

Pernet  pere,  1891.  Bright  red ;  buds 
long. 

Lansezeur,  1S57.  From  L  am  ar  q  u  e. 
Canary -yellow,  the  centre  tinged  with 
salmon,  large  or  very  large,  full,  good. 

Brassac,  1874.  Red,  shaded  with  violet- 
crimson. 

Fontaine,  1857.  Raised,  from  General 
Jacqueminot.  An  inferior  likeness  of 
the  parent. 

Gonod,  1873.  Belongs  to  the  Genera/ 
Jacqueminot  type.  Crimson,  tinged 
with  purple,  fragrant,  and  of  fair  qual- 
ity ;  a  good  seed-bearer. 

Hardy,  1836.  (Sent  out  by  Madame 
Pean.)  Buff-rose,  large,  good  in  the 
bud,  of  healthy  habit ;  a  desirable 
sort. 

Pierce,  1850.  Rosy-pink,  medium  size, 
double  or  full,  distinct  ;  seven  leaflets 
are  common. 

Levet,  1S81.  Raised  from  Paul  Neyron. 
Cherry-red. 

See  White  Bath. 

Grimwood,  1778.  White,  a  good  rose, 
similar  but  inferior  to  Madame  Hardy. 

Damaizin,  1859.  Belongs  to  the  Giant 
of  Battles  type.  Red,  shaded  with 
purplish-crimson. 

Ducher,  1873.  Coppery-yellow  and  rose, 
medium  size. 

James  Vick,  1889.  A  sport  from  A  rch- 
duchesse  d'A  utriche.  Large,  pink, 
striped  and  dashed  with  white  and  car- 
mine ;  vigorous  and  free  blooming. 


3°6 


THE  ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


1053.  Vicomte      Maison, 
vig.     H.R. 

1054.  Vicomte        Vigier, 
free.    H.R. 

1055.  Vicomtesse   de 
Cazes,  dwf.     T. 

1056.  Victor  Pulliat, mod. 
T. 

1057.  Victor    Trouillard. 
H.R. 

1058.  Victor     Verdier, 
mod.    H.R. 


1059.  Villaret     de     Joy- 
euse,  free.     H.R. 

1060.  Ville  de  St.  Denis, 
free.    H.R. 

1061.  Violette       Bouyer, 
free  or  vig.     H.R. 

1062.  Virgil,  free.     H.R. 


1063.  Viridiflora,       free. 
(  Viridiscens.)  Beng. 

1064.  Virginale,  mod.  //. 
R. 


1065.  Viscountess       Fal- 
mouth, dwf.     H.  T. 


1066.  *Viscountess 
Folkestone,  vig.  H. 
T. 

1067.  Vulcain,  mod.  H. 
R. 


Fontaine,  1868.  Cherry- red,  double, 
fades  quickly,  straggling  habit. 

E.  Verdier,  1861.  Maroon- tinged  with 
violet,  a  well-formed,  globular  flower. 

Pradel,  1844.  Coppery-yellow,  rather 
loose  form,  very  delicate  habit. 

Ducher,  1870.  Pale  yellow,  long  buds, 
quite  a  good  Tea. 

Trouillard,  1856.  (Sent  out  by  Standish 
&  Noble.)     Crimson  and  purple. 

Lacharme,  1852.  Bright  rose,  with  car- 
mine centre,  a  very  fresh  shade,  but 
not  permanent,  semi-globular  form,  of 
good  size,  not  fragrant ;  very  free,  the 
wood  is  all  but  smooth,  the  foliage  lus- 
trous. This  variety  is  doubtless  of 
Bourbon  origin  ;  it  is  a  beautiful  rose, 
but  with  its  entire  progeny  is  more  ten- 
der than  any  other  types  in  the  class. 

Damaizin,  1874.  Bright  rose,  well  formed. 

Thouars,  1853.  From  La  Reine.  Car- 
mine-rose. 

Lacharme,  1881.  Yxora.  Jules  Margottin 
X  Sombreul.   White,  tinged  with  pink. 

Guillot  pere,  1870.  (Sent  out  by  W.  Paul.) 
Pink,  tinged  with  lavender,  not  valua- 
ble. 

Green  flowers,  of  no  beauty  whatsoever, 
only  sought  for  as  a  curiosity. 

Lacharme,  1858.  White,  with  flesh  cen- 
tre, medium  size,  double  or  full,  well 
formed  ;  a  good  rose,  but  of  very  deli- 
cate habit. 

Bennett,  1879.  From  President  X  Sou- 
pert  et  Notting.  Mottled  rose,  the  ex- 
terior of  petals  with  a  silvery  lustre, 
very  large,  very  full,  globular,  having 
the  intense  fragrance  of  Soupert  et 
Notting,  and  like  that  variety  inclined 
to  come  malformed.  The  wood  is  very 
thorny,  the  shoots  slender. 

Bennett,  1887.  Creamy-pink  ;  large,  full, 
sweet. 

E.  Verdier,  1862.  Rich  crimson,  double, 
well  formed  ;  a  rose  of  splendid  color. 


CATALOGUE   OF    VARIETIES.         307 


Variety,  Habit 
Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


1068.  W.  A.  Richardson, 
vig.     N. 

1069.  W.    Wilson    Saun- 
ders, mod.     H.R. 


1070.  *  Waban,  mod.    T. 


1071.  Washington,     vig 
N. 

1072.  White     Banksia, 
vig.     B'h. 

1073.  White   Baroness, 
mod.    H.R. 


1074.  White  Bath,  mod. 
or  free.  {Unique.) 
M. 


W  h  i  t  e      Provence. 

Prov. 

1075.  *White  Bon  Silene, 
vig.      T. 

1076.  *  White  Lady, mod. 
H.  T. 

1077.  *  William    F.  Ben 
nett,  vig.     H.  T. 


1078.  William      Griffith, 
free.     H.R. 


Madame  Ducher,  1878.     Orange-yellow 

medium  size,  of  fair  quality. 
G    Paul,  1874.     Belongs   to  the  Charles 
Lefebzire    type.     May    be    briefly   de- 
scribed    as    an    inferior    Charles    Le- 
febzire. 
EM.  Wood  &  Co.,  1891.     A  sport  from 
Catharine  Mermet,  resembling   it   in 
every  respect  except  in  color,  which  is 
a  rich,  bright,  clear  pink.     With  some 
growers  this  variety  has  proved  a  suc- 
cess, while  with  others  it  has  not  done 
well.     It  often  grows  one-sided. 
Stewart   (of  Philadelphia).     White,   me- 
dium size,  loose  flowers,  poor 
Brought  to  England  from  China  in  1807 
Pure  white,  small  full    flower,  viblet- 
scented. 
G.  Paul,  1882.     A  sport   from  Baroness 
Rothschild.     Unlike  Mabel  Morrison 
this  is  quite  as  full  a  rose  as  the  parent' 
and  it  is  pure  white  ;  in  other  respects' 
as  vigor  of  growth,  etc.,  it  is  identical 
with    Baroness    Rothschild.     We   saw 
this  in  flower  at  Cheshunt  during  the 
summer  of  1880,  and  were  greatly  im- 
pressed with  its  merit. 
Sa,1_t.eur;      A    sport    from    the     Common. 
V\  hite,   sometimes   tinged    with    flesh 
attractive  in  bud  and  open  flower  •  gen- 
erally five  leaflets,  of  straggling  habit. 
'  Much  the  best  white  moss. 
See  Unique. 

F  Morat,  1883.  A  sport  from  the  well- 
known  Bon  Silene.  Of  a  pearly  white- 
ness, vigorous  and  free  flowering. 

W  Paul  &  Son,  1889.  Flowers  large, 
beautiful  semi-cupped  form  ;  creamy- 
white.  ' 

Bennett,  1885.  Beautiful  glowing  crim- 
son, similar  to  Gen.  Jacqueminot,  with 
a  bud  similar  to  Niphetos ;  very  frag- 
rant ;  a  very  free  bloomer,  but  only  a 
moderate  grower. 

Portemer,  1S50.  Pink,  much  resembling 
Countess  C.   de    Chabrillant,  but  the 


3o8 


THE   ROSE. 


Variety,  Habit 
of  Growth,  and  Class. 


Description. 


1079.  William  Jesse,free. 
H.R. 

1080.  William  K  o  e  1 1  e , 
mod.    H.R. 


1081.  William  Lobb,  free. 
M. 

1082.  William     Warden, 
vig.    H.R. 


1083.  Woodland  Mar- 
guerite, vig.    N. 

1084.  Xavier  Olibo,  mod. 
or  dvvf.     H.R. 


1085.  Yellow   Banksia, 
vig.     B'k. 

Yellow  Tea.     T. 

1086.  Yolande  d'Aragon, 
free.     H.R. 


flowers  are  somewhat  smaller,  the  wood 
smoother,  and  in  habit  it  is  more  vigor- 
ous, but  also  much  more  liable  to  in- 
jury from  the  cold. 

Laffay,  1840.  Red,  suffused  with  violet, 
in  the  way  of  Pius  the  Ninth.  An 
undesirable  sort. 

Pernet,  1878.  Raised  from  Alfred  Co- 
lomb.  The  flowers  are  nearly  or  quite 
the  same  shade  as  those  of  the  parent, 
the  habit  is  partially  that  of  Charles 
Lefebvre. 

Laffay,  1855.  Violet-red,  not  an  attrac- 
tive sort. 

Mitchell  &  Son,  1878.  A  sport  from 
Madame  Clemence  Joigneaux.  Pink 
flowers,  the  habit,  etc.,  is  the  same  as 
that  of  the  parent. 

J.  Pentland,  1859.  White,  sometimes 
with  flesh,  medium  size  ;  of  fair  quality. 

Lacharme,  1864.  Said  to  be  from  Gen. 
Jacqueminot.  Very  deep,  rich  crim- 
son, large  flowers,  moderately  full ;  a 
superb  rose. 

Brought  to  England  from  China  in  1827. 
Like  White  Banksia,  except  the  color, 
which  is  clear  yellow. 

See  Flavescens. 

Vibert,  1843.  Lilac-rose,  flat  form,  strag- 
gling habit ;  worthless. 


Library 
N.  C.  State  College 


INDEX. 


Aphis,  The,  88. 
Austrian  Roses,  33. 
Autumnal  Roses,  42,  51,  129. 
Ayrshire  Roses,  28. 
Banksia  Roses,  28. 
Bedding  Roses,  127. 
Bengal  Roses,  51. 
Best  Roses,  The,  134. 
Books  on  Roses,  v.  199. 
Bourbon  Roses,  52. 
Boursault  Roses,  29. 
Boxes  for  Exhibiting,  109. 
Brier,  The,  as  a  Stock,  104. 
Budded  Roses,  102. 
Cabbage  Rose,  The.  40. 
Catalogue  of  Varieties,  228. 
Caterpillars,  92. 
Champney  Roses,  44. 
China  Roses,  51. 
Classification,  25. 
Climbing  Roses,  28,  42,  130. 
Climbing  Tea  Roses,  49. 
Cutt:ngs,  99,  114. 
Damask  Roses,  32. 
Descriptions,  174. 
Diseases,  87. 
Eglantine,  The,  41. 
Evergreen  Roses,  29. 
Exhibiting    Rose, 107. 
Exhibition  Roses,  The  Best,  132. 
Failure,  Causes  of,  72. 
Fairy  Roses,  52. 


Families  of  Roses,  28. 

Free-blooming  Roses,  130. 

Forcing  Roses,  114,  129. 

Fragrant  Roses,  131. 

French  Roses,  34. 

Grafting,  105. 

Green  Fly,  88. 

Habit  of  Growth,  230 

Hardy  Roses,  131. 

Hellebore,  92. 

Hybrid  China  Roses,  35. 

Hybrid  Climbing  Roses,  30,42. 

Hybrid  Xoisette  Roses,  54. 

Hybrid  Perpetual  Roses,  55. 

Hybrid  Remontant  Roses,  55, 

Hybrid  Tea  Roses,  58. 

Insects,  87. 

Leaf  Roller,  92. 

Layers,  105. 

Mail,  Plants  by,  77. 

Manetti,  The,  as  a  Stock,  104. 

Manures,  83. 

May  Bug,  94. 

Microphylla  Roses,  44. 

Mildew,  89. 

Monthly  Roses,  42. 

Moss  Roses,  39. 

Multiflora  Roses,  28. 

Night-soil,  84. 

Noisette  Roses,  44. 

Old  and  New  Roses,  203. 

Own  Roots,  99. 


3io 


INDEX. 


Pegged-down  Roses,  127. 

Permanent  Colors,  162. 

Perpetual  Roses,  42. 

Perpetual  Moss  Roses,  62. 

Pillar  Roses,  35. 

Planting,  76. 

Polyantha  Roses,  47. 

Position  for  Planting,  71. 

Pot-culture,  114. 

Potting  Roses,  115. 

Prairie  Roses,  29. 

Propagation,  99. 

Protection,  64. 

Provence  Roses,  38. 

Pruning,  76. 

Quassia,  89. 

Raisers  of  the  Eest  Roses,  134. 

Raising  New  Varieties,  186. 

Rose  Bug,  The,  93. 

Rose  Chafer,  The,  93. 

Rose  Slug,  The,  93. 

Rose  Hopper,  The,  91. 

Roses  for  Special  Purposes,  127. 

Roses  under  Glass,  114. 

Red  Spider,  The,  90. 


Running  Roses,  42. 

Sawfly,  93. 

Sarmentous  Roses,  26. 

Scotch  Roses,  30. 

Seed  Parents,  156. 

Seedling  Roses,  177. 

Similar  Varieties,  165. 

Soils,  71. 

Solfaterre  as  a  Stcr "     46. 

Stocks,  104. 

Suckers,  103. 

Sulphur,  80,  91. 

Summer  Roses,  28. 

Sweet-Erier,  The,  41. 

Tea  Roses,  63. 

Technical  Terms,  67. 

Thrips,  91. 

Tobacco,  for  Fumigating,  89. 

Too-much-alike  Roses,  162. 

Typical  Roses,  174. 

Varieties  for  Special  Purposes, 

127. 
When  to  Plant,  j6. 
White  Grub,  94. 
Yellow  Roses,  34. 


V 


